| 61. |
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| 62. |
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Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (Volume 40)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (De Gruyter). - 1732-4254 .- 1732-4254. ; 40:40, s. 1-196
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This 40th anniversary issue of BGSS highlights some of the tenets of the complexity that make sustainability a ‘wicked problem’ through a number of different perspectives, many of which have to date been pushed into the background amidst an otherwise exceptionally rich geographical literature on sustainability. The editorial task included procurement, administration and scientific processing of 12 articles from 25 authors as follows: (1) Mirek Dymitrow, Keith Halfacree – “Sustainability–differently”; (2) Slobodan Arsovski, Michał Kwiatkowski, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska, Emilija Sofeska, Mirek Dymitrow – “Can urban environmental problems be overcome? The case of Skopje—world’s most polluted city”; (3) Janis Birkeland – “Challenging policy barriers in sustainable urban design”; (4) Elizabeth Dessie – “Applying resilience thinking to ‘ordinary’ cities: A theoretical inquiry”; (5) Madeleine Eriksson, Aina Tollefsen – “The production of the rural landscape and its labour: The development of supply chain capitalism in the Swedish berry industry”; (6) Stina Hansson – “The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden”; (7) Shelley Kotze – “The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town”; (8) Davide Marino, Luigi Mastronardi, Agostino Giannelli, Vincenzo Giaccio, Giampiero Mazzocchi – “Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks”; (9) E. Gunilla Almered Olsson – “Urban food systems as vehicles for sustainability transitions”; (10) George Mark Onyango – “Urban public transport in informal settlements: Experiences from Kisumu City, Kenya”; (11) Christian M. Rogerson – “Informality and migrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town’s inner city”; (12) Marcin Wójcik, Karolina Dmochowska-Dudek, Pamela Jeziorska-Biel, Paulina Tobiasz-Lis – “Understanding strategies for overcoming peripherality: A Polish experience of transition”. The articles have been reviewed by a cadre of 40 reviewers from 34 academic institutions across 14 countries.
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| 64. |
- Jansson, Måns, Filosofie doktor, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Rörelser mot det industriella : Bergsbruk och historisk förändring
- 2024
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - : Svenska Historiska Föreningen. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 144:3, s. 360-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialisation has almost always been analysed retrospectively as the ‘prehistory’ of our modern era. This has been the case ever since Arnold Toynbee introduced the concept of the Industrial Revolution in the late nineteenth century, and this story has been repeated by scholars such as David Landes and Joel Mokyr. In this article, we flip the perspective to approach industrialisation as a gradual process incorporating technology, the organisation of labour, markets, and state politics. Our case deals with ironmaking, the most important non-agricultural sector in the early modern Swedish economy, and emphasises changing notions of work and the daily routines of skilled artisans and mobile civil servants in Swedish workshops and abroad.Tracing the development of Swedish metal manufacturing, the continued dominance of a traditional idea of householding is apparent, and with it a key link between labour and natural resources. In the second half of the eighteenth century, state officials such as Samuel Schröder and Sven Rinman took a more prominent role in promoting several interrelated improvements, from the “English way” of organising work to finding new ways of refining iron and steel and adapting to changing markets. The valuable storehouse of ore and metals increasingly came under the authority of the state. It was not until the turn of the nineteenth century, however, that groundbreaking paths ahead were articulated by members of the Swedish mining administration, often building on advances seen in Britain. Eric Thomas Svedenstierna and Gustaf Broling saw the potential of steam engines, mineral coal, and large-scale production, but it was left to the ironmaking entrepreneur Gustaf Ekman, a couple of decades later, to initiate the full industrialisation of the iron trade by implementing what was known in Sweden as the Lancashire method. By analysing the trajectories of individuals – in our case mobile officials – we achieve a better forward-looking understanding of the industrialisation process, an approach that also bridges the spheres of discourse and practice.
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| 65. |
- La Mela, Matti
(författare)
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Hylätyt patentit vuosina 1864-1884: teollisuuspolitiikkaa, kopioita vai liian huimia ideoita? [Rejected patents in Finland in 1864-1884: Industrial policy, copies or impossible ideas?]
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tekniikan waiheita - Teknik i tiden. - : Tekniikan waiheita. - 0780-5772. ; 38:3-4, s. 6-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article studies rejected patent applications in Finland at the end of the nineteenth century. It examines the development of the patent system as part of the nation’s emerging liberal economic institutions. Internationally, patents have been employed to study technological and economic development, however, the rejected patents and the agency of the patent officials have received little attention. The article examines newly collected applications related to patenting from 1864-1884 and asks, whose applications were rejected and why. The article shows how foreigners, and Swedish applications in particular, were typical among the rejected applicants. Most applications were rejected because the officials did not see the invention as novel or assessed the application as incomplete. In their examination, the Finnish patent officials heard experts and used material objects as evidence. The article shows how the Finnish patent officials followed modern practices of patent examination already in the early 1870s—before the actual legislation and more rigorously than in the neighbouring Sweden. Even though the interests of the domestic industries were raised in some cases, the officials managed and guided the national industrial property rights by developing the patenting principles in the state administration.
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| 66. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-
(författare)
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On the Early History Museum Environment Control : Nationalmuseum and Gripsholm Castle in Sweden, c. 1866-1932
- 2011
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 56:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that there have been investigations into the historical development of indoor climate recommendations, to date verylittle research has been carried out on how climate control in museums was actually implemented in the past. This article examinesthe development of climate control in two Swedish museum buildings up until the 1930s: Nationalmuseum and GripsholmCastle. Nationalmuseum was erected to make the state collections more accessible to the public and to provide monitoring andcentral heating. At that time knowledge of climatic conditions in museums was tacit and based on personal experience ratherthan on scientific studies. However, in the early twentieth century the problem of managing museum climate increased as curatorsbecame more aware of the dehydrating effects of central heating on panels and polychrome wood. The first successful attemptsto automatically control indoor climate were carried out at Gripsholm in the 1920s. The focus was then on monitoring andcontrolling temperature rather than relative humidity, but these early attempts also showed that extreme levels of humidity couldbe avoided in an environment that had never been designed for permanent heating. This article examines attempts at managingindoor climate between the 1860s and the 1930s.
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| 67. |
- Smolicki, Jacek, 1982-
(författare)
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Minuting. Rethinking the Ordinary Through the Ritual of Transversal Listening
- 2021
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Ingår i: VIS. - : Society for Artistic Research. - 2003-024X. ; :5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploratory essay introduces selected sound recordings along with notes and observations from Minuting – a practice of sonic journaling I have performed daily since July 2010 in numerous locations and settings. I weave these observations together in a way that resonates closely with the idea of repetition, in multiple forms: protest, automation, cycle, and ritual, as well as the repetition inherent to my acts of recording. While introducing sounds from the archive of Minuting, I reflect on how this constrained and systematically enacted form of listening, recording, and re-listening leads to a transversal type of sonic reflexivity. It is a form of alertness to sound that stretches beyond the immediate resonance of the 'now' – towards spatially and temporarily distant, yet to some extent intertwined, objects, subjects, events, and environments. The text evolves across three interrelated layers: annotated recordings from the project's archive, a set of thoughts and associations triggered by re-listening to the material, and a discursive analysis that opens up the project to a dialogue with other thematically resonant debates and practices. Drawing on perspectives from media studies, the philosophy of technology, sound studies and durational art, I discuss Minuting as an art work, a creative constraint and a transversal listening practice. Lastly, I propose it as an existential media technique for composing critical and reflective positions towards one's surrounding space, experience of time, and use of sound technologies.
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| 68. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Mellan genialitet och galenskap: Recension av Benjamin Labatuts roman "MANIAC"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Alba. - 1403-5448.
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- John von Neumann var ett för de allra flesta okänt ungerskt underbarn av judisk härkomst som sedermera flydde undan nazisterna till USA, där han dog 1957. Han var ett matematiskt universalgeni som gav viktiga, för att inte säga avgörande, bidrag till fysikens, biologins, data- och samhällsvetenskapens och meteorologins (och därmed klimatvetenskapens) utveckling under 1900-talet. Vid sidan av den mer allmänt kände Alan Turing föranstaltade han det som vi idag lär känna som A.I. och teoretiserade tidigt om hur man kunde tänka på maskiner som livsformer analogt med biologiska – en idé som idag ingår både i evolutionsbiologiska verktygslådor liksom i visioner och mardrömsscenarier om en teknologisk singularitet bortom vilken generella A.I. dominerar och, i värsta fall, tränger ut människoarten. Det är denne märkliga och skrämmande person Benjamín Labatuts välskrivna roman sätter i centrum för en berättelse om gränslandet mellan genialitet och galenskap, vetenskap och teknik från förra sekelskiftet till nu, logikseminariernas tankelekar och konkret global politisk utveckling på liv och död. Romanen är pärlande klart översatt av Anna Petronella Foultier. Man behöver nog ha ett visst intresse för vetenskap, teknik och/eller global politik för att uppskatta den fullt ut, men mycket sådant förklaras under hand på ett skenbart enkelt vis, så jättestora kunskaper behövs inte.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Östlund, David
(författare)
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A knower and friend of human beings, not machines : The business career of the terminology of social engineering, 1894-1910
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ideas in History. - 1890-1832. ; 2:2, s. 43-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terminology of ‘social engineers’ and ‘social engineering’ has been used in divergent ways in different historical contexts. Against the backdrop of the predominantly negative usages of recent decades, not least in critical evaluations of the Swedish welfare state, this article brings out the application that originally turned the terms into common goods. The business career of the expressions started in 1894 with an essay by the relatively radical Dutch industrialist J. C. Van Marken, and received its last major impetus in a book by the moderate American social reformer W. H. Tolman in 1909 (in French 1910). The main idea was that there was a parallel function to fill, alongside that of technical expertise, within modern industry. Dealing with human beings, solving problems within (and perhaps around) the workplace, was just as important for private companies as handling materials and machinery, not least in terms of efficiency and profitability due to motivation and loyalty among the workers. Van Marken’s and Tolman’s approaches are compared, mirroring the encounter between social reform and business management within ‘the labour question’ of the era. The functional parallel introduced by them, stressing the non-technical nature of the social engineer’s professional qualifications, including the talents of the diplomat, is also contrasted with the original version of the usages revolving around the machine metaphor (still the conceptual core in latter-day pejorative applications of the terminology), which was popularized as a positively-charged rhetorical tool in a religious context in 1911.
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