| 29431. |
- Romero, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of unintended deforestation from scaling sustainable livestock production systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conservation science and practice. - : Wiley. - 2578-4854. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silvopastoral systems (SPS)-production systems integrating trees, forages, and livestock within the same land area-are recognized as critical for reducing tropical deforestation and improving livelihoods, ecosystem services, and carbon sinks. Yet, research on how scaling SPS influences forest cover changes at large geographical scales is scant. Our study delves deeper into the interlinkages between scaling SPS and deforestation. In two surveys conducted among 144 Colombian Amazon livestock producers with traditional or SPS farms, we assessed changes in herd composition between 2016 and 2020. Results showed a change in herd composition, with fewer males and more cows/heifers, suggesting a shift toward specializing in milk production, which, with the appropriate environmental incentives and safeguards, would unlikely broaden deforestation. However, interlinkages between the dairy and beef value chains suggest that extra male cattle from SPS intensification would be moved for fattening as a source of beef to new pastures at the forest border. If SPS scaling interventions in the Colombian Amazon are to be truly deforestation-free, they need to be designed based on a clear understanding of the interlinkages between food and land systems. Therefore, policies advancing the livestock and land-use agenda must create mechanisms that support deforestation-free livestock intensification, based on biophysical and socioeconomic evaluations.
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| 29432. |
- Rommel, Jens
(författare)
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Actors and their roles for improving resilience of farming systems in Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 98, s. 134-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding pathways to enhance the resilience of farming systems (FSs) in Europe is key, given the increasing challenges threatening them. FSs are complex socio-ecological systems in which social and ecological components are strongly linked. Social actors have the capacity to shape the FSs’ resilience, but there is a knowledge gap about how they can best do it. The aim of this paper is to analyse the roles played by the actors in FSs when dealing with challenges and assess how these roles may contribute to the resilience attributes (conditions that enable resilience) and resilience capacities (robustness, adaptability, and transformability). To this end, ten focus groups have been conducted across FSs in Europe. Results suggest that each actor in the FSs can shape and strengthen different resilience attributes which in turn result in combinations of resilience capacities that are specific to the FS. Thus, enabling resilience is best accomplished with actors taking different roles and jointly configuring the most adequate combination of capacities, which differs across FSs. This paper provides a set of resilience-enabling roles that delineate the pathways to make FSs more resilient. The diversity of actors and resilience-enabling pathways require flexible, coordinated and comprehensive policies that encompass the complexity of the socio-ecological systems.
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| 29433. |
- Rommel, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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D 2.6 Report on state and outlook for risk management in EU agriculture
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SURE-Farm project aims to analyse, assess and improve the resilience and sustainability of farming systems in Europe. Farming systems face a whole range of social, ecological, economic and political disturbances and changes, such as sharp market fluctuations, severe weather events, climate change, new technologies, changes in consumer preferences and in governance structures and so forth, operating at a range of scales (local, regional, national and global). Some stresses on the farm system can be predicted (e.g. retirement of farmers), while other shocks are more uncertain and unpredictable (e.g. flooding, sudden price drop, illness). Project’s WP2 aims to comprehensively understand farmers’ risk behaviour and risk management (RM) decisions, and to develop and test RM strategies and decision support tools that farmers can use to cope with increasing economic, environmental and social uncertainties and risks. WP2 contributes to the development of RM in EU farming systems by understanding and eliciting farmers’ risk perceptions and preferences; learning about farmers’ adaptive behaviour; learning capacity and preferred improvements of current RM tools; designing and analysing improved strategies to deal with extreme weather; and co-creating improved RM tools and map-related institutional challenges.
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| 29434. |
- Ronchi, Enrico
(författare)
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Evacuation modelling for wildland-urban interface fires in touristic areas
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This technical note presents a brief overview of the models available for the simulation of fire evacuation at the wildland-urban interface in touristic areas. Depending on the scale of the scenarios under consideration and the evacuation mode considered, models are split into macroscopic vs microscopic tools and 1) pedestrian models, 2) traffic models, 3) coupled evacuation models, 4) modelling unconventional evacuation modes. The key findings of this review are: 1) When pedestrian movement is the main mode of evacuation transport, the scale of the analysis will have a strong impact on the choice of the most appropriate modelling approach although at building scale and not very large area size, the use of microscopic modelling based on a continuous approach seems to be a suitable method. 2) When multiple modes of transport are considered (e.g., pedestrian and traffic), the modeller should make a call into modelling explicitly or implicitly the pedestrian response and movement layer, 3) most evacuation models are currently not able to model explicitly unconventional means of evacuations such as displacement via sea or air. The scenario complexity and the uncertainty in the available input will affect the choice of modellers to represent evacuation modelling layers (e.g., pedestrian response, pedestrian movement, and traffic movement) and their interaction with the wildfire explicitly or implicitly.
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| 29435. |
- Rondahl, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of maturity stage, wilting and acid treatment on crude protein fractions and chemical composition of whole crop pea silages (Pisum sativum L.)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 163, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to determine if maturity stage, and wilting or acid treatment, change the crude protein (CP) fraction distribution (determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System) of whole crop pea silages, a pea with variegated flowers (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L, cv Timo) was compared to a white-flowered, semi-leafless pea (P. sativum ssp. hortense L, cv Capella). Herbage was harvested at three maturity stages being: pod set, pod swell and full pod, and either acid-treated or wilted. Timo was acid-treated using 4 (acid4), 6 (acid6) or 8 (acid8) L/tonne fresh matter (FM) with a 2:1 mixture of formic and propionic acid, or wilted to a dry matter (DM) content of about 400 g/kg. Capella was treated with acid6 or wilted. Herbage was ensiled for 103 days in 10 kg laboratory silos. Despite differences in wilting conditions, all wilted herbages had similar protein fraction distributions. In the Capella silages the soluble CP content was lower in the later maturity stages, but this was not the case in the Timo silages. The amount of acid added only affected the B1 CP fraction content, which decreased with increasing acid. At pod set and pod swell for Timo, and at pod set for Capella, the direct-harvested herbages were difficult to ensile because of the high buffering capacity and low level of water soluble carbohydrates. Wilting improved ensilability. Acid treatment reduced proteolysis, but crops with DM contents below 150 g/kg must be acid treated with at least 6 L/tonne FM to ensure stable fermentation. Timo silages were more prone to malfermentation, probably caused by lodging, which made Capella the preferred cultivar for producing pea silages harvested at the pod swell stage or later. Proteolysis and the amount of soluble CP in the silage were lower in later maturity stages in the Capella, but not the Timo. cultivar. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29436. |
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| 29437. |
- Roos, Anders
(författare)
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A product semantic study of the influence of the sense of vision on the evalutation of wood
- 2010
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Ingår i: Research results (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products). - 1654-9759.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Based on product semantics, this study investigated how visual attributes of wood are perceived and interpreted semantically. The wood species alder, ash, aspen, birch, beech, elm, lime, larch, maple, oak, pine and spruce were used. The subjects rated the samples based on the descriptive words natural, exclusive, environmental (i.e., ecofriendly), rough, inexpensive, dark, reliable, warm, modern, cosy, solid, and light. The most significant differences were between softwoods and hardwoods. Principal component analysis yielded three dimensions based on visual perceptions: exclusive/modern, environmental/natural and light vs. dark. Maple and ash, in addition to other hardwoods, were seen as more exclusive/modern than spruce and pine. Pine, on the other hand, was perceived as the most environmental/ natural wood type. Beech and alder did not score high on any of the three dimensions. The potential use of these results in product design and interior design is discussed.
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| 29438. |
- Roos, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A product semantic study of the influence of vision on wood evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wood and Fiber Science. - : Society of Wood Science and Technology. - 0735-6161. ; 45:4, s. 353-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using product semantics, this study investigated how visual attributes of wood are perceived and interpreted semantically. The wood species alder, ash, aspen, beech, birch, elm, larch, lime, maple, oak, pine, and spruce were included. The subjects rated the samples based on the descriptive words natural, exclusive, ecofriendly, rough, inexpensive, modern, reliable, warm, cozy, solid, and light. The most significant differences in ratings were between softwoods and hardwoods. Principal component analysis yielded three dimensions based on visual perceptions: exclusive-modern, ecofriendly-natural, and light. Maple and ash and other hardwoods were seen as more exclusive and modern than spruce and pine. Pine, conversely, was perceived as the most ecofriendly-natural wood type. Beech and alder did not score high (or low) on any of the three dimensions, meaning that these gave a neutral impression. The potential use of these results in product design and interior design is discussed.
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| 29439. |
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| 29440. |
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