| 41. |
- Ljungvall, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Severity of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, Age, and C-Reactive Protein in Dogs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 24:1, s. 153-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) might be associated with cardiac remodeling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Age- and sex-dependent variations in cTnI concentration have been described. Objective To investigate whether plasma concentrations of cTnI and CRP are associated with severity of MMVD, and investigate potential associations of dog characteristics on cTnI and CRP concentrations. Animals Eighty-one client-owned dogs with MMVD of varying severity. Methods Dogs were prospectively recruited for the study. Dogs were classified according to severity of MMVD. Plasma cTnI was analyzed by a high sensitivity cTnI assay with a lower limit of detection of 0.001 ng/mL, and plasma CRP was analyzed by a canine-specific CRP ELISA. Results Higher cTnI concentrations were detected in dogs with moderate (0.014 [interquartile range 0.008-0.029] ng/mL, P = .0011) and severe (0.043 [0.031-0.087] ng/mL, P < .0001) MMVD, compared with healthy dogs (0.001 [0.001-0.004] ng/mL). Dogs with severe MMVD also had higher cTnI concentrations than dogs with mild (0.003 [0.001-0.024] ng/mL, P < .0001) and moderate (P = .0019) MMVD. There were significant associations of age, CRP, heart rate, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, on cTnI concentration C-reactive protein did not differ among severity groups, but was significantly associated with cTnI, breed, and systolic blood pressure on CRP concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Analysis of cTnI concentration has potential to increase knowledge of overall cardiac remodeling in dogs with MMVD. However, effect of age on cTnI needs consideration when assessing cTnI.
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| 42. |
- Mansa, S., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 160:13, s. 427-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26-7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49-2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P < 0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.
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| 43. |
- Nordenfelt, Lennart
(författare)
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The concept of animal welfare : a philosopher’s view
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Welfare of production animals. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086861224 - 9086861229 ; , s. 29-44
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book, the fifth in the series 'Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health', has been conceived by a total of 33 internationally recognised experts from 11 different countries in Europe and from the USA, Canada and Australia, with backgrounds ranging from veterinary medicine, animal science, biology and microbiology to psychology, philosophy and ethics. It provides an up-to-date overview of the science of animal welfare and its assessment, of options for the assessment and management of risks for the welfare of production animals, and of the ramifications these may have for the safety of foods of animal origin.This Volume is targeted at veterinary practitioners, official veterinarians in a control function, animal and food scientists, welfare scientists, students in animal welfare, auditing and inspection officials and risk managers at all levels of animal production.Other publications in the Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health series are: * Volume 1. Food safety assurance in the pre-harvest phase * Volume 2. Safety assurance during food processing * Volume 3. Risk management strategies: monitoring and surveillance * Volume 4. Towards a risk-based chain control
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| 44. |
- Nordengrahn, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a novel proximity ligation assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 127:3-4, s. 227-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel proximity ligation assay (PLA) using a pan-serotype reactive monoclonal antibody was developed and evaluated for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in clinical samples collected from field cases of disease. The FMDV-specific PLA was found to be 100 times more sensitive for virus detection than the commonly used antigen capture-ELISA (AgELISA). As few as five TCID50 were detected in individual assays, which was comparable with the analytical sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR. Although this assay was capable of detecting diverse isolates from all seven FMDV serotypes, the diagnostic sensitivity of the PLA assay was lower than real-time RT-PCR mainly due to a failure to detect some SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 FMDV strains. In conclusion, this new PLA format has high analytical sensitivity for the detection of FMDV in clinical samples and may prove valuable as a rapid and simple tool for use in FMD diagnosis.
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| 45. |
- Nyman, Görel, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of sedation with detomidine and butorphanol on pulmonary gas exchange in the horse
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 51:1, s. 22-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sedation with alpha2-agonists in the horse is reported to be accompanied by impairment of arterial oxygenation. The present study was undertaken to investigate pulmonary gas exchange using the Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET), during sedation with the alpha2-agonist detomidine alone and in combination with the opioid butorphanol. METHODS: Seven Standardbred trotter horses aged 3-7 years and weighing 380-520 kg, were studied. The protocol consisted of three consecutive measurements; in the unsedated horse, after intravenous administration of detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) and after subsequent butorphanol administration (0.025 mg/kg). Pulmonary function and haemodynamic effects were investigated. The distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q) was estimated with MIGET. RESULTS: During detomidine sedation, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased (12.8 +/- 0.7 to 10.8 +/- 1.2 kPa) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) increased (5.9 +/- 0.3 to 6.1 +/- 0.2 kPa) compared to measurements in the unsedated horse. Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion in the lungs was evident, but no increase in intrapulmonary shunt could be detected. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation did not change. Heart rate and cardiac output decreased, while pulmonary and systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance increased. Addition of butorphanol resulted in a significant decrease in ventilation and increase in PaCO2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen content difference P(A-a)O2 remained impaired after butorphanol administration, the VA/Q distribution improved as the decreased ventilation and persistent low blood flow was well matched. Also after subsequent butorphanol no increase in intrapulmonary shunt was evident. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that both pulmonary and cardiovascular factors contribute to the impaired pulmonary gas exchange during detomidine and butorphanol sedation in the horse.
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| 46. |
- Olsén, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Cetirizine in horses : Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following repeated oral administration
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 177:2, s. 242-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pharmacokinetics of the histamine HI-antagonist cetirizine and its effect on histamine-induced cutaneous wheal formation were studied in six healthy horses following repeated oral administration. After three consecutive administrations of cetirizine (0.2 mg/kg body weight, bw) every 12 h, the trough plasma concentration of cetirizine was 16 +/- 4 ng/mL (mean +/- SD) and the wheal formation was inhibited by 45 +/- 23%. After four additional administrations of cetirizine (0.4 mg/kg bw) every 12 h, the trough plasma concentration was 48 +/- 15 ng/mL and the wheal formation was inhibited by 68 +/- 11%. The terminal half-life was about 5.8 h. A pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic link model showed that the maximal inhibition of wheal formation was about 95% and the EC50 about 18 ng/mL. It is concluded that cetirizine in doses of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg bw administered at 12 h intervals exhibits favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties without causing visible side effects, and the drug may therefore be a useful antihistamine in equine medicine.
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| 47. |
- Olsén, L., et al.
(författare)
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Cetirizine in horses : pharmacokinetics and effect of ivermectin pretreatment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0140-7783 .- 1365-2885. ; 30:3, s. 194-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pharmacokinetics of the histamine H1-antagonist cetirizine and the effects of pretreatment with the antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on the pharmacokinetics of cetirizine were studied in horses. After oral administration of cetirizine at 0.2 mg/kg bw, the mean terminal half-life was 3.4 h (range 2.9–3.7 h) and the maximal plasma concentration 132 ng/mL (101–196 ng/mL). The time to reach maximal plasma concentration was 0.7 h (0.5–0.8 h). Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bw) given orally 1.5 h before cetirizine did not affect its pharmacokinetics. However, ivermectin pretreatment 12 h before cetirizine increased the area under the plasma concentration–time curve by 60%. The maximal plasma concentration, terminal half-life and mean residence time also increased significantly following the 12 h pretreatment. Ivermectin is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, which is a major drug efflux transporter in cellular membranes at various sites. The elevated plasma levels of cetirizine following the pretreatment with ivermectin may mainly be due to decreased renal secretion, related to inhibition of the P-glycoprotein in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. The pharmacokinetic properties of cetirizine have characteristics which are suitable for an antihistamine, and this substance may be a useful drug in horses.
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| 48. |
- Olsén, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics and effects of cetirizine in horses with insect bite hypersensitivity
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 187:3, s. 347-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horses with insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) have difficulty in completely avoiding allergens, so effective treatment options are required. A randomised, placebo controlled and double blinded field study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy in reducing dermatitis of the antihistamine cetirizine given orally at 0.4mg/kg twice daily for 3weeks. The influence of protection blankets and stabling were also investigated. The estimated maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and trough plasma concentration of cetirizine were 135ng/mL and 18ng/mL, respectively. There was no difference in dermatitis reduction between the treatment and placebo groups (P=0.77). The findings indicated that cetirizine was of no apparent benefit in treating IBH at the dose rate tested. The use of blankets and stabling were shown to have favourable influence on the dermatitis (P<0.05) and may be the preferred options to prevent this condition.
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| 49. |
- Olsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Unstable Duplication Upstream of HAS2 Predisposes to a Breed-Defining Skin Phenotype and a Periodic Fever Syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei Dogs
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 7:3, s. e1001332-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary periodic fever syndromes are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation with no known pathogenic or autoimmune cause. In humans, several genes have been implicated in this group of diseases, but the majority of cases remain unexplained. A similar periodic fever syndrome is relatively frequent in the Chinese Shar-Pei breed of dogs. In the western world, Shar-Pei have been strongly selected for a distinctive thick and heavily folded skin. In this study, a mutation affecting both these traits was identified. Using genome-wide SNP analysis of Shar-Pei and other breeds, the strongest signal of a breed-specific selective sweep was located on chromosome 13. The same region also harbored the strongest genome-wide association (GWA) signal for susceptibility to the periodic fever syndrome (p(raw) = 2.3 x 10(-6), p(genome) = 0.01). Dense targeted resequencing revealed two partially overlapping duplications, 14.3 Kb and 16.1 Kb in size, unique to Shar-Pei and upstream of the Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2 (HAS2) gene. HAS2 encodes the rate-limiting enzyme synthesizing hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the skin. HA is up-regulated and accumulates in the thickened skin of Shar-Pei. A high copy number of the 16.1 Kb duplication was associated with an increased expression of HAS2 as well as the periodic fever syndrome (p, < 0.0001). When fragmented, HA can act as a trigger of the innate immune system and stimulate sterile fever and inflammation. The strong selection for the skin phenotype therefore appears to enrich for a pleiotropic mutation predisposing these dogs to a periodic fever syndrome. The identification of HA as a major risk factor for this canine disease raises the potential of this glycosaminoglycan as a risk factor for human periodic fevers and as an important driver of chronic inflammation.
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| 50. |
- Riihimäki, Miia, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of respiratory inflammation in horses in relation to seasonal changes in air quality in a conventional racing stable
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research-Revue Canadienne de Recherche Veterinaire. - 0830-9000. ; 72:5, s. 432-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airborne factors in a conventionally managed racing stable and markers of pulmonary inflammation in the stabled horses were investigated on 3 occasions at 6-month intervals, including 2 winter periods and the intervening summer period. The stable measurements included inside and outside ambient temperature and relative humidity, levels of total and respirable dust, endotoxin, and 1,3-beta-glucan. Horses (n = 12) were examined in detail clinically as well as by endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of BAL-cells for IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA. Indoor measurements showed low dust levels irrespective of season. Inhalable dust, as well as 1,3-beta-glucan, were higher during the winter stabling period, whereas endotoxin levels were higher during summer. Complete data from all sampling occasions to be used for further evaluation was obtained for only 8 of the horses. There was a trend for elevation of BAL neutrophils in the horses during winter stabling that coincided with a 3.7-fold increased expression of IL-6 mRNA in BAL cells (P = 0.014). Compared to summer sampling, IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in only 1 of the winter sampling occasions, implicating influence on immune regulation by factor/s apart from seasonal differences. Our findings suggest up-regulation of innate immunity in the airways of stabled horses; in particular involving IL-6 in association with mild elevations in respirable dust, 1,3-beta-glucan, and/or cold ambient air. However, given that this study was observational, other unmeasured environmental factors associated with winter stabling need to be considered.
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