| 61. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Person-Centered Care
- 2018
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Person-centered care is a model for health care that involves a biopsychosocial approach on health (physical, psychological, and social) and the person (body, mind, and psyche; Cloninger, 2004, 2013ab) through the alliance between the one giving care and the one seeking care as equal partners. One of the main aims is to implement a process that goes beyond the diagnostic formulation of identifying a disease state or ill-health, that is, a process of total health status, including ill-being and well-being (Mezzich et al., 2016). A second main aim is to empower the person seeking care to make self-directed informed choices to promote well-being in all planes of her/his life by including her/his subjective narratives, values, and meanings of illness and health as well as personal preferences and choices in treatment and care (Wong & Cloninger, 2010). A third main aim is the promotion of a working alliance in the health care process (Rogers, 1946; Kitwood & Bredin, 1992). This alliance includes the health care personnel, the person seeking the care, significant others, and also other community stakeholders involved in the health care of the person.
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| 62. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing health and environmental impact in antibiotic resistance policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: 16th World Congress of Bioethics, University of Basel, July 20-22, 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an increase of suggestions that healthcare policies should pay more attention to environmental impact. However, this raises a question of how to analyze and manage conflicts between environmental considerations and immediate health considerations. E.g., if drugs are prioritized not only on the basis of need, effect and cost-effectiveness, but also on the environmental impact pattern of its production and/or consumption, single patients may be denied effective therapies due to overarching structural concerns which are difficult to trace back to effects on these or any other single patient. At the same time, the overall environmental health impact of pharmaceutical pollution is recognized to be a major global public health threat, for instance, via its contribution to antibiotic resistance (ABR). While background philosophical theories may in theory answer how to balance these concerns, to produce an actual answer is challenging due to their level of abstraction. At the same time, standard ideas in operational healthcare ethics and public health ethics seem inadequate by themselves, as they capture only parts of the problem but are also problematic to combine, as they are based on conflicting perspectives and ethoses. This makes it difficult to produce an ethical analyses that could facilitate a solution to the problem of how to balance individual health and structural environmental concerns. This paper will use ABR as a case in point to describe this challenge in more detail, and present three rivalling ways forward.
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| 63. |
- Norrman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of image process parameters through factorial experiments using a flat panel detector
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - Bristol : IOP publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 52:17, s. 5263-5276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the optimization process of lumbar spine examinations, factorial experiments were performed addressing the question of whether the effective dose can be reduced and the image quality maintained by adjusting the image processing parameters. A 2(k)-factorial design was used which is a systematic and effective method of investigating the influence of many parameters on a result variable. Radiographic images of a Contrast Detail phantom were exposed using the default settings of the process parameters for lumbar spine examinations. The image was processed using different settings of the process parameters. The parameters studied were ROI density, gamma, detail contrast enhancement (DCE), noise compensation, unsharp masking and unsharp masking kernel (UMK). The images were computer analysed and an image quality figure (IQF) was calculated and used as a measurement of the image quality. The parameters with the largest influence on image quality were noise compensation, unsharp masking, unsharp masking kernel and detail contrast enhancement. There was an interaction between unsharp masking and kernel indicating that increasing the unsharp masking improved the image quality when combined with a large kernel size. Combined with a small kernel size however the unsharp masking had a deteriorating effect. Performing a factorial experiment gave an overview of how the image quality was influenced by image processing. By adjusting the level of noise compensation, unsharp masking and kernel, the IQF was improved to a 30% lower effective dose.
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| 64. |
- Zanne, Amy E, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal functional ecology: bringing a trait-based approach to plant-associated fungi.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. - : Wiley. - 1469-185X .- 1464-7931. ; 95:2, s. 409-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi play many essential roles in ecosystems. They facilitate plant access to nutrients and water, serve as decay agents that cycle carbon and nutrients through the soil, water and atmosphere, and are major regulators of macro-organismal populations. Although technological advances are improving the detection and identification of fungi, there still exist key gaps in our ecological knowledge of this kingdom, especially related to function. Trait-based approaches have been instrumental in strengthening our understanding of plant functional ecology and, as such, provide excellent models for deepening our understanding of fungal functional ecology in ways that complement insights gained from traditional and -omics-based techniques. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of fungal functional ecology, taxonomy and systematics and introduce a novel database of fungal functional traits (FunFun ). FunFun is built to interface with other databases to explore and predict how fungal functional diversity varies by taxonomy, guild, and other evolutionary or ecological grouping variables. To highlight how a quantitative trait-based approach can provide new insights, we describe multiple targeted examples and end by suggesting next steps in the rapidly growing field of fungal functional ecology.
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| 65. |
- Hassellöv, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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REACH missar nano!
- 2009
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning. ; 2009:3-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 66. |
- Nyandoro, Stephen S., 1975, et al.
(författare)
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N-Cinnamoyltetraketide Derivatives from the Leaves of Toussaintia orientalis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 78:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven N-cinnamoyltetraketides (1–7), including the new Z-toussaintine E (2), toussaintine F (6), and toussaintine G (7), were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Toussaintia orientalis using column chromatography and HPLC. The configurations of E-toussaintine E (1) and toussaintines A (3) and D (5) are revised based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from racemic crystals. Both the crude methanol extract and the isolated constituents exhibit antimycobacterial activities (MIC 83.3–107.7 μM) against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 are cytotoxic (ED50 15.3–105.7 μM) against the MDA-MB-231 triple negative aggressive breast cancer cell line.
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| 67. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogenic hyperplasia caused by combination of various factors: A decision-support software for radionuclide therapy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Workshop "Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Cancer Invasion of Tissues", Mar 26, 2007 - Mar 30, 2007, Dundee, Scotland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work deals with the software based on the PhasTraM model [1] for oncogenic hyperplasia, the first stage of formation of any solid tumor. The work generalizes the related results of [2]-[6] and discusses application of the software for decision support in radionuclide therapy. The software capabilities to allow for combinations of various causes of oncogeny are emphasized. The causes comprise inflammation, immune dysfunction, and chronic psychological stress. The immune dysfunction is represented with hypogammaglobulenimia expressed in terms of the concentration of the immunoglobulin-G molecules. The level of chronic pychological stress is described with the concentration of the interleukin-6 molecules. The work considers how application of the software can support decisions on the specific radionuclide-therapy setting depending on the tissue-, organ-, and patient-specific data. This is illustrated by a number of numerical-simulation results, also the ones which include the effects of common and fractionation-based radionuclide-therapy modalities. A proper attention is paid to how specifically the input data can be prepared by prospective users of the software, i.e. the specialists who apply radionuclide therapy. The work also formulates a few directions for future research in connection with the features of the everyday work of the prospective users. REFERENCES: [1] E. Mamontov, K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz, A. Koptioug, 2006, Stochastic mechanics in the context of the properties of living systems, Mathl Comput. Modelling, 44(7-8) 595-607. [2] E. Mamontov, A. V. Koptioug, K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz, 2006, The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis, Acta Biotheoretica, 54(2) 61-101. [3] K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz and E. Mamontov, 2006, The homeorhesis-based modelling and fast numerical analysis for oncogenic hyperplasia under radiotherapy, Mathl Comput. Modelling, Special Issue
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Nyberg, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of a universal parental support programme to promote health behaviours and prevent overweight and obesity in 6-year-old children in disadvantaged areas, the Healthy School Start Study II, a cluster-randomised controlled trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : BioMed Central. - 1479-5868. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of parental support programmes to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity in children, but only few studies have been conducted among groups with low socio-economic status. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a parental support programme to promote healthy dietary and physical activity habits and to prevent overweight and obesity in six-year-old children in disadvantaged areas.Methods: A cluster-randomised controlled trial was carried out in disadvantaged areas in Stockholm. Participants were six-year-old children (n = 378) and their parents. Thirty-one school classes from 13 schools were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 16) and control groups (n = 15). The intervention lasted for 6 months and included: 1) Health information for parents, 2) Motivational Interviewing with parents and 3) Teacher-led classroom activities with children. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, dietary intake and screen time with a questionnaire, body weight and height were measured and BMI standard deviation score was calculated. Measurements were conducted at baseline, post-intervention and at 5months follow-up. Group effects were examined using Mixed-effect Regression analyses adjusted for sex, parental education and baseline values.Results: Fidelity to all three intervention components was satisfactory. Significant intervention effects were found regarding consumption of unhealthy foods (p = 0.01) and unhealthy drinks (p = 0.01). At follow-up, the effect on intake of unhealthy foods was sustained for boys (p = 0.03). There was no intervention effect on physical activity. Further, the intervention had no apparent effect on BMI sds for the whole sample, but a significant difference between groups was detected among children who were obese at baseline (p = 0.03) which was not sustained at follow-up.Conclusions: The Healthy School Start study shows that it is possible to influence intake of unhealthy foods and drinks and weight development in obese children by providing individual parental support in a school context. However, the effects were short-lived. Therefore, the programme needs to be prolonged and/or intensified in order to obtain stronger and sustainable effects. This study is an important contribution to the further development of evidence-based parental support programmes to prevent overweight and obesity in children in disadvantaged areas.
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| 70. |
- Lindskog, Bengt I., et al.
(författare)
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Medicinsk terminologi
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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