| 51. |
- Wallin Lundell, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of posttraumatic stress among women requesting induced abortion
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 18:6, s. 480-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To describe the prevalence and pattern of traumatic experiences, to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), to identify risk factors for PTSD and PTSS, and to analyse the association of PTSD and PTSS with concomitant anxiety and depressive symptoms in women requesting induced abortion. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods A Swedish multi-centre study of women requesting an induced abortion. The Screen Questionnaire - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was used for research diagnoses of PTSD and PTSS. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults Of the 1514 respondents, almost half reported traumatic experiences. Lifetime-and point prevalence of PTSD were 7% (95% confi dence interval [CI]: 5.8-8.5) and 4% (95% CI: 3.1-5.2), respectively. The prevalence of PTSS was 23% (95% CI: 21.1-25.4). Women who reported symptoms of anxiety or depression when requesting abortion were more likely to have ongoing PTSD or PTSS. Also single-living women and smokers displayed higher rates of ongoing PTSD. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions Although PTSD is rare among women who request an induced abortion, a relatively high proportion suffers from PTSS. Abortion seeking women with trauma experiences and existing or preexisting mental disorders need more consideration and alertness when counselled for termination.
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| 52. |
- Andin, Ulla
(författare)
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Vascular dementia - classification and clinical correlates
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the period (1976-1995) a total of 175 consecutive patients (m 88/f 87) with neuropathologically verified vascular dementia (VaD) were examined. 22 patients with pure Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were also studied. All patients were diagnosed and followed at the Department of Psychogeriatrics (Lund University Hospital). The neuropathological examination revealed VaD, sometimes with additional contribution of Alzheimer pathology. The cases were classified as Large Vessel Dementia (LVD), Small Vessel Dementia (SVD) and Hypoperfusive Hypoxic-ischemic Dementia (HHD). The mean age at death was 80 years (range 54-100) and almost identical in the three groups.The results show that VaD is neuropathologically heterogeneous, characterized by one, two or all three types of vascular pathology. The majority of cases (126/175), showed more than one type of brain pathology (vascular or in combination with Alzheimer pathology). There was a large coexistence with Alzheimer pathology (65% of the total 175 cases). 49 cases were pure, with only one type of vascular pathology. SVD was the largest pure group (21% of the total 175 cases). Post mortem verified heart pathology, was twice as common in SVD as in LVD and HHD.Cardio-cerebrovascular features (arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, cardiac infarction, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and TIA/stroke) were more common in LVD and SVD, than in HHD. The coexistence of Alzheimer pathology did not change these results.Dizziness and unsteadiness or falls were reported in 102 of the 175 VaD patients. Dizziness correlated with hypertension and orthostatic hypotension while unsteadiness correlated only with hypertension. Falls correlated strongly to the use of neuroleptics and hypnotics.Hallucinations/delusions and delirium were reported in many patients and most common in the groups with pure LVD, pure SVD and especially in the SVD with combined Alzheimer pathology.Cardio-cerebrovascular features were more common in patients with AD combined with white matter pathology than those with pure AD. This study illustrates the neuropathological and clinical heterogeneity in VaD. This is of great importance for the understanding, treatment and care of the individual suffering from VaD.
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| 53. |
- Bjerkenstedt, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Support for limited brain availability of tyrosine in patients with schizophrenia
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. - 1461-1457 .- 1469-5111. ; 9, s. 247-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. The brain is the only organ for which amino-acid transport is limited and competition for transport over the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurs at physiological plasma concentrations. One line of research suggests that patients with schizophrenia have altered brain levels of the essential amino acid tyrosine, the precursor for the synthesis of dopamine. The most common hypothesis is that less tyrosine is available because of competition with elevated levels of other amino acids. By consequence, the synthesis of dopamine in the brain will decrease. In contrast, another line of evidence suggests a change in the affinity for one of the transport proteins. A limitation of this research has been that the systems for amino-acid transport across the BBB have not been fully characterized at a molecular or functional level. The L system is the major system for transport of tyrosine across cell membranes including the BBB. The A system is also involved in this transport. Earlier in-vitro studies using fibroblasts have demonstrated a normal L system in schizophrenia but nevertheless reduced tyrosine transport. The combination of molecular research, fibroblast techniques, and brain imaging provides a new basis for clinical research on the role of amino-acid membrane transport in schizophrenia.
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| 54. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between the FKBP5 haplotype, exposure to violence and anxiety in females
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 72, s. 196-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gene that encodes the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is regarded as a candidate for investigating how negative life events interact with a genetic predisposition to stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Given the role of FKBP5 as an important regulator of stress responses, we aimed to investigate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5-in the presence/absence of exposure to violence-are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Data from two community-based samples of adolescents (n=1705) and young adults (n=1800) regarding ratings on depression, anxiety, exposure to violence and FKBP5 genotype were collected. A risk haplogenotype including the minor alleles of seven common SNPs in the FKBP5 (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9394309, rs9470080 and rs4713916) conferred higher ratings on anxiety among females, but not males, in the presence of violence. Exposure to violence and female sex were associated with higher ratings on both depression and anxiety, with the exception of ratings on depression among young adults, on which sex had no effect. Ratings on depression were not associated with the haplogenotype. These findings may correspond to differences in the regulation of the HPA axis and with the higher vulnerability to anxiety in females.
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| 55. |
- Nero, Daniella, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Traits in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 132:3, s. 374-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and compare them with patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls. Type A behavior pattern and anger have been linked to coronary heart disease in previous studies. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in MINOCA patients.One hundred MINOCA patients, consecutively recruited during 2007-2011 at 5 coronary care units in Stockholm, were matched for sex and age to 100 coronary heart disease patients and 100 healthy controls. All participants completed the Bortner Rating Scale to quantify type A behavior pattern and the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale to quantify anger 3 months after the acute event.MINOCA patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.9 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD) and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17) (median; interquartile range). Coronary heart disease patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.5 ± 10.2 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17). Healthy controls' Bortner Rating Scale score was 71.9 ± 9.1 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 13 (11-16).We found no significant differences in Bortner Rating Scale score and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score among MINOCA, coronary heart disease patients, and healthy controls, regardless of whether total scores, subscales, or cutoffs were used to classify type A behavior pattern and trait anger. However, we cannot exclude the existence of an occasional episode of anger or mental stress in relation to the coronary event. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with MINOCA, and future studies need to confirm the current findings before any firm conclusions can be made.
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| 56. |
- Rajalin, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Dialectical behavior therapy-based skills training for family members of suicide attempters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Routledge. - 1381-1118 .- 1543-6136. ; 13:3, s. 257-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study evaluated the effect of Family Connections (FC), a Dialectical Behavior Therapy-based manualized skills training program, for family members of suicide attempters. The DBT-based skills training program aims to enhance the knowledge of wide range research based aspects of suicidal behavior and treatment recommendations. Furthermore it includes skills training for interpersonal relationships and also offers family members an opportunity to share their experiences. Thirteen participants completed the 9-week program with pre- and post self-report questionnaires. The results showed significant reduction in burden, improved psychic health and an increase in well-being regarding the relation with the patient. These results provide support for the need and importance of a DBT-based skills training program addressed specifically to family members of suicide attempters.
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| 57. |
- Shahim, Pashtun, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Stanniocalcin-1 as a Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: NeuroMolecular Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1535-1084 .- 1559-1174. ; 19:1, s. 154-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New YorkStanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a nerve cell-enriched protein involved in intracellular calcium homeostasis regulation. Changes in calcium regulation are hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The expression of STC-1 increases in response to ischemic stroke, but whether it is altered in neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has not been investigated before. We measured STC-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a total of 163 individuals including AD, prodromal AD (pAD), mixed AD, stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI), and diagnoses of other dementia than AD, as well as cognitively normal controls (CNC) enrolled at academic centers in France and Sweden. STC-1 concentration was reliably measureable in all CSF samples and was significantly increased in the initial exploratory cohort of neurochemically enriched AD patients versus AD biomarker-negative controls. In the second cohort, STC-1 was increased in AD versus pAD, and other dementia disorders, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the third cohort, there was no significant difference in STC-1 concentration between AD and CNC; however, STC-1 concentration was significantly decreased in patients with other dementia disorders compared with AD and CNC. Taken together, CSF STC-1 showed an increasing trend in AD, but the findings were not consistent across the three study cohorts. In contrast, CSF STC-1 concentrations were reduced in patients with dementia diagnoses other than AD, as compared with both AD patients and CNC. The findings from these studies suggest CSF STC-1 as a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of dementias.
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| 58. |
- Truedson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of toxic lithium levels on ECG : findings from the LiSIE retrospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) Background: Few studies have explored the impact of lithium intoxication on the heart.(2) Methods: We examined electrocardiogram (ECG) changes associated with lithium intoxication in the framework of the LiSIE (Lithium-Study into Effects and Side Effects) retrospective cohort study. We analysed ECGs before, during, and after intoxication.(3) Results: Of the 1136 patients included, 92 patients had experienced 112 episodes of lithium intoxication. For 55 episodes, there was an ECG available at the time; for 48 episodes, there was a reference ECG available before and/or after the lithium intoxication. Lithium intoxication led to a statistically significant decrease in heart rate from a mean 76 beats/min (SD 16.6) before intoxication to 73 beats/min (SD 17.1) during intoxication (p = 0.046). QTc correlated only weakly with lithium concentration (ρ = 0.329, p = 0.014). However, in 24% of lithium intoxication episodes, there were QT prolongations. In 54% of these, QTc exceeded 500 ms; patients with chronic intoxications being more affected.(4) Conclusions: Based on summary statistics, effects of lithium intoxication on HR and QTc seem mostly discrete and not clinically relevant. However, QT prolongation can carry a risk of becoming severe. Therefore, an ECG should always be taken in patients presenting with lithium intoxication.
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| 59. |
- Kaltsouni, Elisavet, et al.
(författare)
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Selective progesterone receptor modulation and brain activity at rest in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ovarian hormones have been indicated to impact brain connectivity and mood. However, there is no consistent evidence on hormone-dependent functional connectivity and mental health. Alterations in resting state networks have been suggested as markers of affective disorders, but only preliminary evidence is provided on premenstrual dysphoric disorder, in which symptoms occur upon fluctuations of ovarian hormones. Recently, three-month low-dose selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) administration has been associated with symptom relief and altered task-based brain reactivity during a reactive aggression condition. The present study sought to investigate the effect of this treatment on resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in patients with PMDD. Seed-based analyses were conducted, including including seeds from the classic resting state networks along with the functional cluster affected by SPRM treatment. Within previously identified networks related with emotional processing, rs-FC was compared between individuals with PMDD during the symptomatic luteal phase before randomization to treatment or placebo and during the end of the last treatment cycle. Seed-based rs-FC analyses yielded significant treatment by time effects on rs-FC between the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and the right insula cortex, between the posterior cerebellum and the left temporal pole, and between the right lateral visual network and left superior frontal gyrus. Visuo-frontal luteal phase connectivity decreased for the SPRM group and was positively correlated with changes in mood symptom severity in the placebo group. Cerebellar and temporal connectivity increased for the SPRM treatment group, while temporo-insular connectivity decreased and was positively correlated with cortisol levels. These findings indicate that SPRM treatment influenced rs-FC, which could be a relevant mechanism behind symptom alleviation.
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| 60. |
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