| 61. |
- Sahlman, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Premature vertebral endplate ossification and mild disc degeneration in mice after inactivation of one allele belonging to the Col2a1 gene for Type II collagen.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 26:23, s. 2558-2565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Skeletal tissues of mice with an inactivated allele of the Col2a1 gene for Type II collagen ("heterozygous knockout") were studied.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a heterozygous inactivation of the Col2a1 gene has a role in the etiology of spine disorders such as disc degeneration.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Mutations in the COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, and COL9A2 genes have been linked to spine disorders. However, the mechanism by which genetic factors lead to disc degeneration still are largely unknown.METHODS: Spine tissues were studied using radiograph analyses; conventional, quantitative, and polarized light microscopy; immunohistochemistry for the major extracellular components, and in situ hybridization for procollagens alpha1(I) and alpha1(II). Voluntary running activity also was monitored in half of the mice.RESULTS: As the findings showed, 1-month-old heterozygous knockout mice had shorter limb bones, skulls, and spines, as well as thicker and more irregular vertebral endplates, which calcified earlier than in the control mice. They also had a lower concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the anulus fibrosus, in the endplates, and in the vertebral bone than the controls. These features in the heterozygous knockout mice were compensated by the age of 15 months. However, the long bones and skulls of the mature heterozygous mice remained shorter than those of the controls. Gene-deficient mice used the running wheel less. However, physical exercise did not induce any marked structural changes in the skeleton.CONCLUSION: Mice with heterozygous knockout of Col2a1 show subtle early skeletal manifestations that bear some resemblance to those of human spine disorders.
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| 62. |
- Sandling, Johanna K., et al.
(författare)
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A candidate gene study of the type I interferon pathway implicates IKBKE and IL8 as risk loci for SLE
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 19:4, s. 479-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which the type I interferon pathway has a crucial role. We have previously shown that three genes in this pathway, IRF5, TYK2 and STAT4, are strongly associated with risk for SLE. Here, we investigated 78 genes involved in the type I interferon pathway to identify additional SLE susceptibility loci. First, we genotyped 896 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these 78 genes and 14 other candidate genes in 482 Swedish SLE patients and 536 controls. Genes with P<0.01 in the initial screen were then followed up in 344 additional Swedish patients and 1299 controls. SNPs in the IKBKE, TANK, STAT1, IL8 and TRAF6 genes gave nominal signals of association with SLE in this extended Swedish cohort. To replicate these findings we extracted data from a genomewide association study on SLE performed in a US cohort. Combined analysis of the Swedish and US data, comprising a total of 2136 cases and 9694 controls, implicates IKBKE and IL8 as SLE susceptibility loci (P(meta)=0.00010 and P(meta)=0.00040, respectively). STAT1 was also associated with SLE in this cohort (P(meta)=3.3 × 10(-5)), but this association signal appears to be dependent of that previously reported for the neighbouring STAT4 gene. Our study suggests additional genes from the type I interferon system in SLE, and highlights genes in this pathway for further functional analysis.
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| 63. |
- Zainuddin, Norafiza, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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TP53 mutations predict for poor survival in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of germinal center subtype
- 2009
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Ingår i: Leukemia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2126 .- 1873-5835. ; 33:1, s. 60-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presence of TP53 mutations has been associated with poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), although this has remained controversial. The TP53 codon 72 polymorphism has shown negative impact on cancer survival, but this has not been analyzed in DLBCL. Furthermore, the MDM2 SNP309 has been associated with earlier age of onset in DLBCL. Here, we investigated the clinical impact of TP53 mutations, MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms on survival in DLBCL of germinal center (GC) and non-GC subtypes. Thirteen of the 102 (12.7%) patients displayed TP53 mutations. Overall, TP53 mutations had a significant effect on lymphoma-specific survival (LSS, P=0.009) and progression-free survival (PFS, P=0.028). In particular, inferior survival was observed in TP53-mutated DLBCLs of GC subtype (LSS, P=0.002 and PFS, P=0.006). Neither MDM2 SNP309 nor the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism had an impact on age of onset or survival. Altogether, our data suggests that TP53 mutations are associated with poor outcome in GC-DLBCL patients.
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| 64. |
- Björn, Niclas, 1990-
(författare)
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Pharmacogenetic biomarkers for chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reactions
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cancer is a serious disease expected to be the world-leading cause of death in the 21st century. The use of harsh chemotherapies is motivated and accepted but, unfortunately, is often accompanied by severe toxicity and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These occur because the classical chemotherapies’ common modes of action effectively kill and/or reduce the growth rate not only of tumour cells, but also of many other rapidly dividing healthy cells in the body. There are also considerable interindividual differences in ADRs, even between patients with similar cancers and disease stage treated with equal doses; some experience severe to life-threatening ADRs after one dose, leading to treatment delays, adjustments, or even discontinuation resulting in suboptimal treatment, while others remain unaffected through all treatment cycles. Being able to predict which patients are at high or low risk of ADRs, and to adjust doses accordingly before treatment, would probably decrease toxicity and patient suffering while also increasing treatment tolerability and effects. In this thesis, we have used next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics for the prediction of myelosuppressive ADRs in lung and ovarian cancer patients treated with gemcitabine/carboplatin and paclitaxel/carboplatin.Paper I shows that ABCB1 and CYP2C8 genotypes have small effects inadequate for stratification of paclitaxel/carboplatin toxicity. This supports the transition to whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Papers II and IV, respectively, use WES and WGS, and demonstrate that genetic variation in or around genes involved in blood cell regulation and proliferation, or genes differentially expressed at chemotherapy exposure, can be used in polygenic prediction models for stratification of gemcitabine/carboplatininduced myelosuppression. Paper III reassuringly shows that WES and WGS are concordant and mostly yield comparable genotypes across the exome. Paper V proves that single-cell RNA sequencing of hematopoietic stem cells is a feasible method for elucidating differential transcriptional effects induced as a response to in vitro chemotherapy treatment.In conclusion, our results supports the transition to genome-wide approaches using WES, WGS, and RNA sequencing to establish polygenic models that combine effects of multiple pharmacogenetic biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy-induced ADRs. This approach could be applied to improve risk stratification and our understanding of toxicity and ADRs related to other drugs and diseases. We hope that our myelosuppression prediction models can be refined and validated to facilitate personalized treatments, leading to increased patient wellbeing and quality of life.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Olofsson, P. S., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants of TNFSF4 and risk for carotid artery disease and stroke
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Medicine. - New York : Springer. - 0946-2716 .- 1432-1440. ; 87:4, s. 337-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two independent human cohorts, the minor allele of SNP rs3850641 in TNFSF4 was significantly more frequent in individuals with myocardial infarction than in controls. In mice, Tnfsf4 expression is associated with increased atherosclerosis. The expression of TNFSF4 in human atherosclerosis and the association between genotype and cerebrovascular disease have not yet been investigated. TNFSF4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly higher in human atherosclerotic lesions compared with controls (730∈±∈30 vs 330∈±∈65 arbitrary units, p∈<∈0.01). TNFSF4 was mainly expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. In cell culture, endothelial cells upregulated TNFSF4 in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; 460∈±∈110 vs 133∈±∈8 arbitrary units, p∈<∈0.001 after 6 h of stimulation). We analyzed the TNFSF4 gene in 239 patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy and 138 matching controls from The Biobank of Karolinska Carotid Endarterectomies and Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program cohorts and 929 patients and 1,382 matching controls from the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke and Case Control Study of Stroke cohorts, limiting inclusion to patients with ischemic stroke. Participants were genotyped for the rs3850641 SNP in TNFSF4. Genotype associations were neither found with TNFSF4 mRNA levels nor with atherosclerosis associated systemic factors or risk for stroke. This study shows that TNFSF4 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions but provides no evidence for an association of TNFSF4 gene variation with the risk for ischemic stroke.
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| 67. |
- Stattin, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A missense mutation in the aggrecan C-type lectin domain disrupts extracellular matrix interactions and causes dominant familial osteochondritis dissecans
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 86:2, s. 126-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteochondritis dissecans is a disorder in which fragments of articular cartilage and subchondral bone dislodge from the joint surface. We analyzed a five-generation family in which affected members had autosomal-dominant familial osteochondritis dissecans. A genome-wide linkage analysis identified aggrecan (ACAN) as a prime candidate gene for the disorder. Sequence analysis of ACAN revealed heterozygosity for a missense mutation (c.6907G > A) in affected individuals, resulting in a p.V2303M amino acid substitution in the aggrecan G3 domain C-type lectin, which mediates interactions with other proteins in the cartilage extracellular matrix. Binding studies with recombinant mutated and wild-type G3 proteins showed loss of fibulin-1, fibulin-2, and tenascin-R interactions for the V2303M protein. Mass spectrometric analyses of aggrecan purified from patient cartilage verified that V2303M aggrecan is produced and present in the tissue. Our results provide a molecular mechanism for the etiology of familial osteochondritis dissecans and show the importance of the aggrecan C-type lectin interactions for cartilage function in vivo.
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| 68. |
- Svedberg, Anna, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic association of gemcitabine/carboplatin-induced leukopenia and neutropenia in non-small cell lung cancer patients using whole-exome sequencing.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5002 .- 1872-8332. ; 147, s. 106-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Gemcitabine/carboplatin treatment is known to cause severe adverse drug reactions which can lead to the need for reduction or cessation of chemotherapy. It would be beneficial to identify patients at risk of severe hematological toxicity in advance before treatment start. This study aims to identify genetic markers for gemcitabine/carboplatin-induced leukopenia and neutropenia in non-small cell lung cancer patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 215 patients. Association analysis was performed on single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and genes, and the validation was based on an independent genome-wide association study (GWAS). Based on the association and validation analyses the genetic variants were then selected for and used in weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) prediction models for leukopenia and neutropenia.RESULTS: Association analysis identified 50 and 111 SNVs, and 12 and 20 genes, for leukopenia and neutropenia, respectively. Of these SNVS 20 and 19 were partially validated for leukopenia and neutropenia, respectively. The genes SVIL (p = 2.48E-06) and EFCAB2 (p = 4.63E-06) were significantly associated with leukopenia contain the partially validated SNVs rs3740003, rs10160013, rs1547169, rs10927386 and rs10927387. The wGRS prediction models showed significantly different risk scores for high and low toxicity patients.CONCLUSION: We have identified and partially validated genetic biomarkers in SNVs and genes correlated to gemcitabine/carboplatin-induced leukopenia and neutropenia and created wGRS models for predicting the risk of chemotherapy-induced hematological toxicity. These results provide a strong foundation for further studies of chemotherapy-induced toxicity.
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| 69. |
- Kuemmel, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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TA-MUC1 epitope in non-small cell lung cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5002 .- 1872-8332. ; 63:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MUC1 (CD227), an established tumor marker, is expressed on glandular epithelia and on epithelial tumors. Tumor MUC1 differs from normal MUC1 by modified glycan side chains. Recently, a novel carbohydrate-induced conformational tumor-associated MUC1 epitope (TA-MUC1) was described, whose clinical relevance in lung cancer is not known. Eighty-five paraffin embedded tissue sections of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (73% male; mean age 64+/-9 years) were stained with the monoclonal antibody PankoMab (against TA-MUC1) and compared with the established antibodies E29 and 214D4 regarding prognostic relevance. TA-MUC1 is virtually absent in bronchial epithelium. As shown by multivariate analysis, only staining with PankoMab, but not with E29 or 214D4, was correlated with patients' survival (p=0.029). Moreover, when regarding interactions of MUC1 antibody staining results and clinico-pathological parameters, patients with lymph node metastasis lacking PankoMab staining were attributed the highest risk by far (Hazard ratio=4.6, 95% CI: 2.1-9.7, p=0.000). In summary, the presence of TA-MUC1 is a favorable prognostic factor in this cohort of NSCLC patients, in particular if lymph node metastases are present. This is in contrast to the results for E29 and 214D4, which recognize less or not glycosylation dependent epitopes. As this is the first report on a well-defined MUC1 epitope associated with improved survival in NSCLC, a more differentiated view on MUC1 may be mandatory.
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| 70. |
- Duell, Eric J, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin C transporter gene (SLC23A1 and SLC23A2) polymorphisms, plasma vitamin C levels, and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 8:6, s. 549-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vitamin C is known to protect mucosal tissues from oxidative stress and inhibit nitrosamine formation in the stomach. High consumption of fruits, particularly citrus, and higher circulating vitamin C concentrations may be inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk. We investigated 20 polymorphisms in vitamin C transporter genes SCL23A1 and SCL23A2 and GC risk in 365 cases and 1,284 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We also evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and baseline plasma vitamin C levels in a subset of participants. Four SNPs were predictors of plasma vitamin C levels (SLC23A1 rs11950646 and rs33972313; SLC23A2 rs6053005 and rs6133175) in multivariable linear regression models. One SNP (SLC23A2 rs6116569) was associated with GC risk, in particular non-cardia GC (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.39, based on 178 non-cardia cases), but this association was attenuated when plasma vitamin C was included in the logistic regression model. Haplotype analysis of SLC23A1 yielded no associations with GC. In SLC23A2, one haplotype was associated with both overall and non-cardia GC, another haplotype was associated with GC overall, and a third was associated with intestinal-type GC. Common variants in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 may influence plasma vitamin C concentration independent of dietary intake, and variation in SLC23A2 may influence GC risk. Additional prospective studies in large populations and consortia are recommended. Investigation of variation in vitamin C transporter genes may shed light on the preventative properties of vitamin C in gastric carcinogenesis.
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