| 191. |
- Kandaurova, Maria, 1987
(författare)
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Framing Generative Technology for Dynamic Capabilities: A case study of AI platform implementation in large enterprises
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organizations are increasingly turning to generative technologies known for their inherent dynamic, malleable, and context-agnostic nature to innovate and create a competitive edge. As generative technologies offer virtually unlimited potential applications, organizations are constantly challenged to identify appropriate applications. To date, our knowledge of how organizations implement these technologies to deliver the anticipated outcome is still limited. Inspired by the recent calls on the nature and management of one such generative technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), this thesis aims to provide insights on how large organizations make sense of the open-ended nature of AI, and how such framing impacts how they leverage its potential for dynamic capabilities and organizational innovation. As large organizations are typically characterized by established processes, routines, and accumulated collective experiences, this would suggest particularly challenging dynamics when implementing a highly versatile technology. Following an abductive research approach and a qualitative multiple-case study methodology, this thesis puts forward two empirical papers covering the implementation of an award-winning conversational AI (CAI) platform and its applications, i.e., chatbots and voicebots, across eight large organizations. Findings indicate that the implementation trajectory differed strongly across those organizations. In all organizations, there were initially inter and intra-organizational incongruent interpretations towards a suitable application of the platform and its use. This illustrates the uncertainty that comes with the open-ended nature of generative technologies, which is in line with prior research. However, contrary to the predominant notions that such incongruencies hinder successful implementation, this thesis illustrates how some organizations actively sought these ‘creative conflicts’ to align diverse perspectives and subsequently uncover new opportunities for dynamic capabilities and organizational innovation. Notably, those organizations shifted from an outcome-oriented to an opportunity-oriented implementation strategy by crafting and employing various cognitive and behavioral processes allowing further exploration of the platform’s generative potential. Two main practical takeaways can be drawn from this thesis. First, this thesis illustrates that organizations still often evaluate generative technologies using traditional efficiency-orientated key performance indicators (KPIs) that prioritize short-term cost reduction. Such KPIs may be unsuitable for generative technologies that require organizational flexibility to explore the long-term strategic applications related to the ‘horizon of opportunities’ that the generative technology can offer. Second, organizations should be open to rethink their processes, tactics and routines in which they engage in order to realize the full benefits of emerging generative technologies. This is especially relevant for large organizations that have strongly established processes. Findings from this thesis suggest that seeking out and learning from ‘creative conflicts’ is key to adapting those processes, routines, and tactics. This thesis refutes a deterministic view on technology and its implementation. It suggests that organizations must engage in open processes of learning and reframing in order to effectively utilize increasingly malleable technologies.
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| 192. |
- Koch, Christian, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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SMEs De- or Re-Organising knowledge when outsourcing?
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Offshoring Challenge: Strategic Design and Innovation for Tomorrow’s Organization. - London : Springer London. ; , s. 141-153
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A growing number of Danish manufacturing companies feel compelled to offshore greater or smaller parts of their organisation. Drawing on organisational theory and, the concept of knowledge governance, this paper examines two SMEs in the textile and the furniture sector, highlighting the knowledge-management intersection. The two case studies show one SME reorganising its processes and integrating knowledge through a mainly captive knowledge governance set-up; the other deorganises, disintegrates and, to a certain extent, “compensates” with virtual organisational elements: exercising knowledge governance through IT systems as well as through the establishment of an offshored physical intermediary control element. Furthermore, both case companies work with so-called soft knowledge governance approaches, in one case through the introduction of CSR in the new captive setup, and in the other case through the specific selection of new suppliers and their capability/competence building over time. Organisation design approaches would focus on the initial diagnosis, choice and implementation of a “new” organisation. However, the organisations studied, experience emergent organisational design elements over time. Furthermore, they are involved in dynamically tackling the learning of the organisational players as well as the dynamics of their relationships with cooperating partners regarding maintaining and developing their innovation capability. To manage these challenges, both case companies choose to revisit the organisational design elements and reconfigure their organisational design set-up, indicating a need to reinstate the classic design components along with a more dynamic perspective.
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| 193. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988
(författare)
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Public Sector Open Innovation: Exploring Barriers and How Intermediaries Can Mitigate Them
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public organizations are increasingly embracing open innovation (OI) practices. Still, little is known about how the challenges they face when doing so compare to the barriers that have been identified for OI in the private sector. Similarly, despite being recognized as imperative actors in private sector OI, the understanding of open innovation intermediaries’ (OIIs) roles in public sector OI is limited. Given these two knowledge gaps, this licentiate thesis sets out to further the knowledge of what types of barriers impede public sector OI, and how OIIs can mitigate them. These issues are explored through four case studies within the public transport sector in Sweden. In all the cases, public organizations were trying to accelerate innovation through outbound OI practices, and in three of the cases, OIIs were utilized to facilitate the processes. A comparison of the case study findings and extant OI literature suggests that OI practices are harder to adopt for public organizations than for private firms. Public organizations face more rigorous regulations and more extensive bureaucracy, have fewer incentives to take risks, and are influenced by objectives and inner mechanisms that are difficult for external innovators to understand. Further, a cross-comparison of the case studies identifies that OIIs can mitigate the negative impacts of the aforementioned barriers by expanding the boundaries of innovation ecosystems, decreasing costs for distant search and data processing, fostering inter-organizational collaboration, and assisting public organizations in managing the innovation trajectory. Even so, the studied cases also illustrate that the introduction of OIIs can be contested, and that they might have hampering effects as well. Therefore, OIIs need to be carefully designed and launched so that they match the needs of the specific situations.
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| 194. |
- van Santen, Sarah, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Near-Decomposable Modularity: On the Interdependence between Intellectual Property and Open Innovation in Digital Startups’ Innovation Strategies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts - 17th International Open and User Innovation Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motivation Digitization is exerting its impact across industries and organizations (Yoo, Boland Jr, Lyytinen, & Majchrzak, 2012). While large firms are faced with the challenge of transforming their business, new ventures are capitalizing on the potential of digital technologies to create novel business models and drive new business ideas, at times disrupting established industries. As a result of the generative, open-ended nature of digital technologies, the way digital technology-based startups innovate and develop is somewhat different from regular technology-based startups. Arguably the most pertinent change in the way innovation is organized for these startups is in the way they make use of open and user innovation to draw in technologies and contributions on the inbound side, and allow for adaptations, generative innovation and derivatives on the outbound side. As a result, digital technology development is often an open and open-ended innovation effort, combining inputs from a variety of distributed actors in a non-linear fashion (Nambisan, 2017). Objective Previous research has discussed the role of intellectual property (IP) in contexts of open innovation and user innovation, establishing the importance of IP rights for facilitating inter-organizational exchange and the use of selective revealing to allow simultaneous collaboration and competition (Baldwin & Henkel, 2015; Baldwin & von Hippel, 2011; Henkel, 2006). These studies have provided some initial expectations for the role and functioning of IP in settings of digital technology-driven open and user innovation but leave a lot of room for further articulating the way IP strategy forms and adapts to facilitate startups’ open innovation efforts. Method This research focuses on 8 digital technology-based startups differently engaged with open innovation, from open software, open hardware, collaborative innovation and partnering to fully in-house development. Using a multiple case study design, the development of these startups’ innovation process and IP management is described in order to elucidate the role of various IP decisions in fostering open innovation. Findings What is found is that different formal IP rights and informal mechanisms are used to facilitate open innovation. We summarize these findings by conceptualizing startups’ digital innovation strategies as near-decomposable systems (Sarasvathy, 2003), made up of interdependent components and yet evolving by switching out and adding on components over time. In the strategy that emerges, IP decisions form important companion pieces to open innovation components. In general, startups were prone to using various forms of open innovation in accordance with their technology, and this openness was reinforced by appropriate IP management in a modular, interdependent fashion. IP can function as protective value capture tool, signaling device and ground rule facilitating collaboration. Driving open and user innovation in a startup setting was facilitated by allowing IP lax environments for experimentation and value creation, IP protected modules for exploitation and value capture, and designing these modules with their interdependence in mind, using IP in one module to attract contributors and set the ground rules for contribution in another. That is, traditionally protective IP decisions such as patenting and secrecy often function as a value capture tool protecting a closed module so that more openness can be employed in other modules. IP decisions which serve to reveal inventions, such as patenting, publishing and trademarking, can however also be employed as a way to communicate a startup’s stake in different technologies and therefore facilitate collaboration in open software and open hardware initiatives. These same tactics can be used to signal value and credibility to potential contributors and draw people in to the innovation effort. In open-ended innovation, abstaining from engaging with IP can be a way to allow the technology to evolve without committing to any technological direction (preventing path-dependence).
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| 195. |
- Raghavendra, Srinivasan, et al.
(författare)
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An Introduction to Economic Dynamics - Modelling, Analysis and Simulation
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An Introduction to Economic Dynamics provides a framework for students to appreciate and understand the basic intuition behind economic models and to experiment with those models using simulation techniques in MATLAB®. This book goes beyond the often-limited scope of other texts on economic models, which have largely focused on elucidating static equilibrium models. Comparative static analysis inhibits students from asking how the equilibrium position is achieved from an initial out-of-equilibrium position and limits their understanding of the dynamics that underlie such analysis. In this textbook, readers are introduced to ten well-established macroeconomic models – including Keynesian multiplier models, Samuelson’s multiplier and Solow’s growth model – and guided through the dynamical systems behind each model. Every chapter begins with an overview of the economic problem which the model is designed to help solve followed by an explanation of the mathematics of the model. Solutions are provided using simulation and visualisation techniques in MATLAB®, which are interwoven organically with the analysis and are introduced in a step-by-step fashion to guide the reader along the way. Appendices provide an introduction to MATLAB along with all the necessary codes. The book is ideally suited for courses in economic dynamics, macroeconomic modelling and computational economics, as well as for students of finance, mathematics and engineering who are interested in economic models.
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| 196. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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DICE and the Carbon Budget for Ambitious Climate Targets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - 2328-4277. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model is one of the most influential Integrated Assessment Models available. Its founder Professor William Nordhaus was recently awarded Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel due to his pioneering work on the economics of climate change. In a recent paper in American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Nordhaus uses the model to conclude that a 2.5°C target is almost out of reach. In this paper, we update DICE 2016 R2 with state-of-the-art models of the carbon cycle, heat uptake into the oceans, and the role of non-CO2 forcers. We find that the allowable remaining carbon budget (over the period 2015–2100) to meet a 2.5°C target to be 2,360 GtCO2 whereas the estimate obtained using DICE 2016 R2 is about 460 GtCO2. Nordhaus's estimate of the remaining carbon budget for this target is hence five times lower than estimates made by our updated DICE. We also compare our results with estimates by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and find our results to be in line with the carbon budgets presented in IPCC SR 1.5. We explain the reasons behind the difference between our result and that of Nordhaus and propose that an updated climate module in DICE is warranted.
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| 197. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Bidrag till handlingsplan för havsbaserad vindkraft i Sverige - För säkrad eltillförsel, stabiltklimat och industriell utveckling
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Världen behöver ställa om produktionen av el till ett system med inga eller ringa utsläpp av växthusgaser. Både Världsbanken (2014) och International Energy Agency (IEA,2013) varnar i starka ordalag för en temperaturhöjning långt utöver 2 grader vilket understryker betydelsen av en politik som säkerställer att en omvandling sker i tid. Tillutmaningen läggs åldrande kärnkraftverk samt en förväntad ökad efterfrågan på el inom transportsektorn och för att ersätta gas för uppvärmning. En teknik som EUkommissionenhar stora förväntningar på, och som främst britter, tyskar och danskar investerar mycket i, är havsbaserad vindkraft. I detta bidrag argumenterar vi för att Sverige bör följa dessa länder och bygga ut den havsbaserade vindkraften som ett komplement till andra tekniker som använder förnyelsebara energikällor. Vi diskuterar även vilka hinder som måste överbryggas för att en utbyggnad skall ske i tid och åtgärder som kan vidtas för att säkra en utbyggnad.Sveriges potential är stor. Om 3 000 km2 används för havsbaserad vindkraft, 5 MW installeras per km2 och kraftverken har 40 % kapacitetsfaktor, blir årsproduktionendrygt 50 TWh. Många företag har sett denna potential och projekt som befinner sig i olika delar av tillståndsprocessen skulle kunna producera 26 TWh. I debatten argumenteras emellertid ofta att nya investeringar i förnybar energiteknik inte behövs då i) Sverige har en nettoexport av el och ii) vi med lätthet uppfyller 2020 målen. Denna tidshorisont är emellertid för kort jämfört med de långa ledtider som finns i utbyggnaden av ny kapacitet och vi kan inte heller betrakta Sverige som en isolerad ö. Vi måste istället blicka framåt några decennier och ut mot övriga EU när vi analyserar önskvärdheten av att investera i havsbaserad vindkraft. Vi uppmärksammar då risken att det kan uppstå ett större produktionsgap i Sverige. Även för Nordpool-området finns denna risk och för EU som helhet är det förväntade produktionsgapet mycket stort. En utbyggd havsbaserad vindkraft kan bidra till att säkerställa att Sverige och Nordpoolområdet får ett kraftsystem som kan leverera omfattande mängder el till rimliga priser när de åldrande kärnkraftverken läggs ner. Potentialen är så stor att Sverige även kan ge ett viktigt bidrag till att uppnå EU:s klimatmål genom en ökad elexport. Detta bidrag skall inte ses som att vi blir ”världens samvete” utan förenas med nya affärsmöjligheter då Sverige synes kunna producera havsvindel till en låg kostnad i förhållande tillinstallationer i Nordsjön. Detta är det starkaste skälet till en utbyggnad i Sverige och ett utnyttjande av denna svenska komparativa fördel passar väl in i EUs tankar om enEnergiunion.Det är tänkbart att en kapacitet att producera 30 TWh havsbaserad vindel kan finnas på plats i Sverige år 2035. För att möjliggöra nödvändiga investeringar måste dock en rad hinder överbryggas. Det viktigaste hindret är brist på incitament att investera och det behövs ett styrmedel som på ett trovärdigt sätt leder till de omfattande investerin
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| 198. |
- Bastås, Lisa, 1993
(författare)
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Public intermediaries in the energy transition - A study of municipal energy advisors in Sweden
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To mitigate climate change, a transition toward more sustainable energy production and consumption is crucial. In particular, this requires widespread adoption of renewable electricity technologies, such as solar photovoltaics (PV). As the adoption of such technologies can be challenging for new adopters, support actors such as intermediaries (i.e., brokers between actors in the adoption process), play a crucial part in facilitating adoption. While intermediaries have gained increased attention in the transitions research overall, the roles of public intermediaries (i.e., publicly funded intermediaries with a policy mission) in the energy transition remain unclear. This licentiate thesis takes a mixed methods approach to increase the understanding of the roles of public intermediaries in the energy transition. More specifically, it studies how public intermediaries operationalize their policy mission, and why, as well as how public intermediation can be improved. To this end, the case of municipal energy advisors in Sweden is studied through 129 activity reports, 22 semi-structured interviews, and a survey to both the municipal energy advisors and solar PV installers. The outcome is presented in this compiling synthesis and three appended papers. The findings reveal that the roles of public intermediaries depend on how they operationalize their policy mission. Public intermediaries perform a wide range of activities on both an actor and system level, thus displaying different behaviors. This varying operationalization results from top-down, middle-out, and bottom-up influences, where the middle-out influences are shown to be crucial in shaping the roles of public intermediaries. These findings stress the importance of considering public intermediaries’ individual agency when designing and implementing policy missions to maximize their potential contribution to the energy transition.
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| 199. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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12 x LCM : Variants of life cycle management
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A case-based review shows that, in practice, LCM is shaped by a dominant action logic in the setting. A dominant action logic is, for example, the business strategy of a company or a government objective. A first typology reveals 12 forms of LCM, in which each type is a result of life cycle thinking meeting a particular action logic. It also shows when and how LCM is seen to fit the purpose of different actors. This typology provides an overview of the diversity of practiced LCM and a matching vocabulary with the aim of furthering discussion and understanding of LCM.
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| 200. |
- Bosch-Sijtsema, Petra, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Tidig Entreprenörmedverkan: Projekteringsprocess i entreprenad med samverkansnivå hög, SBUF 13574
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kontraktsformen tidig entreprenörmedverkan (TEM) är en kontraktsform där entreprenören medverkar i ett tidigt konceptuellt skede. Dessa kontraktsformer stödjer samverkan mellan olika parter för att dra nytta av olika parters kunskap och öka innovation och kvalitet. Med syftet att gebranschen rekommendationer för samverkansprojektering harlicentiatprojektet studeratpå vilka sätt samverkan tillämpats,samt hur detta samarbete påverkat produktivitetgenom frågeställningen”Hur genomförs projektering i samverkansform hög (TEM) mellan beställare, konsult och entreprenör för att bemöta kostnadsdrivande aspekter, kvalitet och innovation?”Projektet har i totalt studerat 3 fallstudier, 1 retrospektiv förstudie, och 2 kontrasterande fallstudier.Totalt genomfördes 41intervjuer, varav 3 intervjuer för förstudien, 20 intervjuer för fallstudie 1 och 21 intervjuer för fallstudie 2.Resultaten tar upp fördelar med TEM. Det krävs en förändring av roller och ansvar för att genomföra TEM ochdet finns vissa nyckelpersoner/rollersom påverkar samverkan. Studien har kommit fram med vikten av informella och sociala relationer för genomförande av TEM projekt. Studien pekar på ett antal aspekter som påverkar utvecklingen av sociala relationer isamverkansprojekt som har positive eller negative konsekvenser för samverkan
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