| 17851. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving or intensifying crisis? Examining public perceptions of crisis public diplomacy in foreign and domestic contexts
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on public diplomacy efforts during crises that involve multiple, transboundary, and often hostile publics. Traditionally, public diplomacy is employed to resolve crises (Zaharna, 2004) and bring about understanding from foreign publics (Pamment, 2012). Recently, some studies point to a new style of public diplomacy that intentionally causes and intensifies crises for the purpose of strengthening the support among the domestic public while alienating the foreign public (e.g., Putnam, 1988; Zaharna, 2004). The present study addresses this new type of public diplomacy and the tension between the public's perceptions of crisis public diplomacy in foreign and domestic contexts. As a particular case in point, it examines China’s so-called wolf-warrior diplomacy, characterised by a more aggressive combat form of public diplomacy (Zhu, 2020), undertaken during the Chinese ambassador Gui Congyou's office in Sweden between 2017 and 2021. The tension between China and Sweden escalated during Gui's office time. The study contrasts public perceptions in Sweden and China by investigating the news media coverage on Gui's public diplomacy efforts during crises. A qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2004) is employed to examine news articles in order to understand the following three research questions: 1) What type of crisis events emerged in Chinese public diplomacy efforts in Sweden? 2) How were the crisis events negotiated in the opinion pages of Swedish and Chinese newspapers? 3) Which unintended consequences can be identified as a result of the public diplomacy effort and its elaboration in the public in both countries? The findings illuminate tensions between the wolf-warrior diplomacy discourse and the discourse in news media in Sweden and China. More specifically, two types of crises, explicit and implicit, are identified. First, the wolf-warrior style of public diplomacy explicitly addresses crisis events, which are less conflictual, but related to Chinese domestic interest. Second, implicit crisis, emerge in news media opinion pages and interviews, which concern ideological differences between the countries. These tensions are more difficult to reconcile as they are embedded in historical political tensions. In conclusion, the study advances the understanding of crisis public diplomacy by shedding light on communication efforts that intensify crisis to attract domestic support instead of winning the hearts and minds of international publics. ReferencesCull, N. J. (2021). From soft power to reputational security: Rethinking public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy for a dangerous age. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 1-4.Mayring, P. (2004). Qualitative content analysis. In Flick, U., Kardoff, E. V., & Steinke (eds.) A companion to qualitative research (pp. 266-270), London: Sage. Pamment, J. (2012). New public diplomacy in the 21st century: A comparative study of policy and practice. New York, NY: Routledge.Putnam, R. (1988). Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of a two-level game. International Organization, 42(3), 427–60.Zaharna, R. S. (2004). Asymmetry of cultural styles and the unintended consequences of crisis public diplomacy. In Slavik, H. (ed.) Intercultural communication and diplomacy (pp. 133-42), Malta and Geneva: DiploFoundation.Zhu, Z. (2020). Interpreting China’s ‘wolf-warrior diplomacy’. The Diplomat, 15, 648-658.
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| 17852. |
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| 17853. |
- Castaldo Lundén, Elizabeth, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Because Fashion Matters : Studying the Intersections of Fashion, Film and Media
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing interest in the study of fashion has opened up to the emergence of Fashion Studies as an independent field, with programs in several universities around the globe. However, the study of fashion should not be regarded as a new phenomenon. For decades, scholars from varied disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences have immersed themselves in the study of fashion, particularly in relation to film and media. Since the early days of cinema, the film industry played a key role in the promotion and representation of fashion. Likewise, its mediated character through newsreels, television, newspapers, magazines, photography and even paintings has facilitated the study of costume and dress history. Film scholars like Jane Gaines, Stella Bruzzi, and Pamela Church Gibson—among others—have vastly contributed to the interdisciplinary study of these intersections. Furthermore, in order to explore the specificities of these areas, Church Gibson launched the journal Fashion Film and Consumption, though the publishing house Intellect Books in 2011.In this contemporary setting, a pertinent and necessary topic to explore is the demands on interdisciplinary approaches, both from the side of Fashion Studies scholars with a purist point of view, and from their counterpoints in Film and Media more likely to envelop fashion in visual culture as a whole.As discussions regarding delimitations and canons take place behind close doors in fashion programs, the need to open up such debate to Film and Media scholars is vital to the future of a field that has seen a great part of its development through these neighboring contributions. The workshop will explore the study of Film, Media and Fashion in coexistence with the emergence of Fashion Studies as an independent field, focusing on questions of methodology, theory and practice through the experience of different film and media scholars working with fashion and film. Before opening up the floor for discussion, a brief set of presentations will serve as a framework to address the debate, engaging the audience in reflections surrounding the following questions: What are the challenges and advantages of film and media scholars engaging in fashion research? Is Fashion Studies an exclusive realm for fashion scholars? Is there one singular way to study and teach fashion independently from its neighboring disciplines? What can different approaches used in Film and Media Studies contribute to the study of fashion? To what extent can Fashion Studies exist as a totally independent field, avoiding connections with Film and Media?
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| 17854. |
- Castaldo Lundén, Elizabeth, 1974-
(författare)
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Dior Salve a la Reina : Cristina Fernández's Fashionable Pleasures and her Constant War Against the Media
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is an austerity discourse compatible with ostentation? And if so, how can the contempt against the middle class be compatible with the veneration of a wealthy leader? Why is Cristina Fernandez’s indulgent luxury forgiven while the working middle class is stigmatized as privileged oligarchs? How does this relate to the controversial and iconic figure of Eva Duarte de Perón? The paper describes the dichotomy between Cristina Fernandez’s national populist discourse and her personal preference for high-end brands that had turned her into a fashion icon, capturing the attention of fashion bloggers, international newspapers, and even Vogue. Theoretically framed by O’Donell’s conceptualization of Delegative Democracies, the presentation will explore how disguised under a veneer of socialism—and pursuing Chavez’s model for Venezuela—Argentina’s president has mobilized a campaign to control the local Media leading to a confrontation with those journalists who persistently try to unmask her luxurious lifestyle, shopping preferences, and unclear finances. This contradiction between luxury and utterance is not new to the Argentine masses. The iconic figure of Evita was often under attack, accused of enjoying the same lifestyle as those she criticized. The parallelism between these two figures draws an interesting conclusion about the role of Media, performance, nostalgia, and fandom in Latin-American politics.*Play on words exchanging Dios (God in Spanish) for Dior as in “Dior (God) Save the Queen.”
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| 17855. |
- Castaldo Lundén, Elizabeth, Assistant Professor, 1974-
(författare)
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Reporting fashion : Fashioning moving images from newsreels to web series
- 2022
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Ingår i: Insights on Fashion Journalism. - London : Routledge. - 9781003035688 ; , s. 69-87
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fashion has historically relied on visual culture for representation and promotion. Since the early days of film, moving images mediated culture, functioning as entertainment and style guides for working-class women. The fashion and media industries have crossed paths ever since. Far from stopping this dynamic, the advent of the Internet garnered new opportunities to produce and disseminate fashion-related audio-visual content. In recent years, media companies targeting younger audiences began producing short Web series for free streaming on company websites and platforms such as YouTube. This chapter locates fashion newsfilms and Web series within journalistic discourse through their connection to broadcasting and the printed press. Departing from archival sources and resting on the notion of glocalisation, it argues for the historical role of fashion newsfilms as key to a geopolitical reconfiguration that demarcated the centre and periphery, positioning the West at the centre of an imagined global fashion and beauty culture. In so doing, this chapter situates fashion Web series as the materialisation of early aspirations to expand modern consumer culture within a complex matrix of emerging, dominant, and residual cultural flows, co-opting countercultural discourses of fashion, dress, and beauty and reducing them to branding tags for corporate media products.
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| 17856. |
- Cepaite Nilsson, Asta, et al.
(författare)
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Filling a gap of information : Case of Convergence in municipalities when local media entrepreneurs communicate local news
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Professional roles are converging as it becomes usual for journalists to be recruited as communicators, and ”change side” from reviewing information to carry information. Communication departments use journalistic methods and speak of themself as an editorial rather than a communication department (x).Second, research of interconnections between mass media and work of organizations’ communication departments (or PR) mainly focuses on traditional media companies. As a consequence of massive shut down of mainstream media companies, local media entrepreneurs start their own media news agencies in purpose to fill the gap of information (x). Like the mainstream media, local media entrepreneurs also interact with municipalities in purpose of spreading information in communities. In this study, media entrepreneurship is widely defined as an independent media initiative not owned or operated by public service or media conglomerates. Collaboration between municipalities and new established local media entrepreneurs can on several levels be interpreted as different kind of convergence. Working together with producing and publishing information and news the boarders between info-PR and news journalism tends to converge, both as profession and content (Hallahan, 2014).The traditional role of local journalists is changing due to this development, similar when it comes to PR communicators at municipalities. The local media entrepreneurs in their role as local news reporters are perusing inexperienced ways of working, which has developed into a sort of hyper local journalism - a new kind of journalism. They are also acting in a changed local media environment being entrepreneurs of news journalism and at the same time filling a gap of information in the society they are acting and operating in (x).1.1 Object of the study and research questions The object of this study is to investigate the role of media entrepreneurs and their interaction with municipalities and organisations in order to supply their communities with hyperlocal news in places of media void. In this study cases from the Swedish local media market are used as samples.
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| 17857. |
- Cepaite Nilsson, Asta, et al.
(författare)
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Future role of local news : Strategies & conditions for local news
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The local media organisations in Sweden have the last years been involved in initiating new model of business (Melesko 2013). They have mainly been based on economical actions, as cut-downs of editorial staff, integration of different pressrooms and expanded co-operation between papers within same media organisations (Nygren 2013). For instance, editorials and cover of culture news has on several local papers been centralized. Other phenomena is instead of hiring journalists media companies have started job-pools where journalists are supposed to service many papers with same news. It’s notable that in the transformation of the Swedish local press the future role of news journalism has up-till now not been a big issue when it comes to the strategies of the media organisations (Picard & Ots, 2011). Future models of local press survival accentuate the need of rethinking newspaper content and connection with their readers (Rouger 2008). Local newspapers and local news journalism has an important role to play in the society. More studies that concern how media organisations strategically work on development of local news and journalism in context of media concentration and organizational restructurings are therefore needed.Conclusions: Strategies taken by local papers in purpose of surviving the on-going development has mainly been from a economical standpoint which has primarily implied tighten up the organisation as cutting down on staff, implementing multi-task journalism, co-operation within the paper also with other papers in the same organisation, circulation of same editorial material on several web platforms and so on. Focus has also been moved from being a print paper to an on-line one, which the two cases in this study are examples of. But the content and what affects the changes will have on the quality of news journalism have up-till now not been paid much attention to when the media companies have drawn up their strategies for the future news papers. Newspaper organizations deal with several challenges, such as how to produce an interesting local content with shrinking band of journalists and increasingly centralized production; a need to find new readers and produce quality news for new groups of readers focused on what they want and are willing to pay for. And, there is a most important issue to manage: how to maintain the local newspapers role as servant of society.Traditionally, newspapers have placed greater emphasis on their role as promoters of public interests and on becoming trusted institution of society as John Street (2011) and Mikael Schudson (2003) among several scholars have displayed. Thus, the strength of emphasis placed on economic self-interests by some newspapers in recent years is disconcerting to many people inside and outside the industry. Economic pressures are becoming the primary forces shaping the behaviour of newspaper companies. That pressure may affect journalistic quality that diminish the value of newspaper content and that divert attention of newspaper staff from journalism to activities primarily related to business interests. The role of newspapers as servants of citizens is no longer clear as both Castells (2009) and Street (2011) have indicated. It is possible that readers’ interest of the press is decreasing because of the growing image of the press as just another business that is primarily interested in own survival and not serving democracy.
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| 17858. |
- Cepaite Nilsson, Asta, et al.
(författare)
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Participatory action research in hyperlocal media studies: reflection on methodology
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of participatory action research in media studies is under development and has the last years become notable as a new way of exploring changes that has taken place on the media market the last decades. Media corporations in Sweden continue shutting down local editorial offices and centralize local news reporting to the head editorials. An absence of local reporting in several rural areas is obvious; some communities at the countryside lack local news coverage and become media deserts. As a counter-reaction, hyperlocal media ventures have been established in communities, a trend that continues both in Sweden and other European countries. Transformation of the local media landscape as well as local journalism requires development of research methodology that focus on hyperlocal media entrepreneurs’ participation and dialogue with community members and researchers. Participatory action research is usually used as a tool to engage people in complex settings involving multiple stakeholders. This methodology is expected to provide researchers and facilitators with a new approach to organizational and community engagement (c f Chevalier, J. M. & Buckles, D. J., 2013). Several researchers witness contributions of PAR in social science research and new media research in particular (Hearn & Foth, 2005), emphasizing “opportunities for practitioners and participants to construct knowledge and integrate theory and practice in ways that are unique and practical to a particular group (McIntyre, 2014: 66). Hyperlocal news ventures characterizes by high diversity in organisational forms, business intentions, and act in different societal conditions. Hyperlocal journalism is a young field of practice that is changeable due to economical, political and cultural factors in different countries and in specific local communities – this raises constantly new questions and multiple research approaches can be suitable to use. Participatory action research can be regarded as democratic approach that considers the participants and researchers as equally valuable; theoretical findings are combined with solutions to the problems experienced by participants (Hearn & Foth, 2005). This paper aims to discuss and reflect implementation of participatory action research in a study of hyperlocal media ventures. The main objective of this study is to evaluate methodological possibilities and challenges using participatory action research in cases of hyperlocal news production, using three hyperlocal media ventures as examples. Participatory action research is designed for building capacity of media entrepreneurs to test, reflect and consequently alter practices as part of their on-going hyperlocal news site development. Action research may use any methodology, but usually applies qualitative methods. In this study, focus groups have been used to stimulate and evaluate development of hyperlocal news sites. Focus groups consisted of target audiences of each hyperlocal venture. Three selected hyperlocal news ventures have been studied during one year. Research has been aimed to generate ideas for news sites’ content and design development, targeting new groups of potential readers and identifying problems for the news sites’ viability and sustainability.
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| 17859. |
- Cepaite Nilsson, Asta, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable local journalism: role of engagement and interaction in building trust in local journalism
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exploring new ways of studying communication and interactions in media and journalism is of high interest considering that we live in a constantly transforming media landscape. To build sustainable journalism and media organizations requires a holistic approach of the development involving audience, news producers and other stakeholders.This panel originates from studies applying action research on different aspects of media development and journalism. Journalism is a field of practice that is changing due to economical, political and cultural factors in different countries and in specific local contexts, which raises new questions of how journalism and media organizations can become more sustainable. There is an expressed need for testing innovative, multiple research approaches that could potentially be used in studying the media landscape. As a methodology, action research is infrequently used in media studies. The panel participants intend to discuss and illustrate its potential with examples of studies how action research in media and journalism have been or could be applied. Studies presented in the panel include interaction between the audience and news providers – both traditional media organizations and entrepreneurial media ventures. We also intend to highlight various strategies in working processes and practices of the news providers and interactions with the media users. Understanding and application of action research is diverse and complex. Action research can be regarded as a set of methodologies, a philosophical orientation, and a research culture. (Schuler, 2009:vii). It is commonly described as democratic approach that considers the participants and researchers as equally valuable; theoretical findings are combined with solutions to the problems experienced by participants (Hearn & Foth, 2005). Action research can be used for several purposes; for example for generating action: “improving the situation of the people involved in the research project, for example by supporting re-education, equal participation and free choice” (Argylis et al. 1985: 8-9). Such actions can be, for example, designing or evaluating new media technology, giving ideas, presenting plans, suggesting and actually developing services and products. One more purpose can be a facilitating of democratic, inclusive research processes, thus bringing several perspectives into account. Action research´s orientation toward participation and joint knowledge production makes it potentially suitable for providing researchers and other stakeholders with a new approach to community engagement, relationship building and organizational sustainability. The panel is guided by the principles of methodological pluralism. Common keys issues are: •The employment of action research in studies of local media where interaction with its audience is maintained in purpose to build sustainable news operations for the future. •Application of action research in media and journalism studies and its significance •Investigation of trust building between audience and media using digital media and methods. •Ethical issues of AR-driven projects that are used for purposes of impact makingThe goal of the panel is to highlight the potential of action research as methodology in media and journalism studies for interaction stimulation, trust building and potentially for sustainability of media and journalism practices and processes.
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| 17860. |
- Cestino-Castilla, Joaquín
(författare)
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SHAPING THE NEW LOCAL : THE FUTURE OF LOCAL JOURNALISM IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF COLLECTIVE ACTORS IN THE USA
- 2023
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Ingår i: Local Journalism: Critical Perspectives on the Provincial Newspaper. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9780429430343 ; , s. 127-147
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is impossible to think about the role of local journalism out of its context. In the United States of America, as in many other Western societies, this context is of increasing precarity. This chapter analyses observations made at key industrial and academic events, which are complemented by interviews with local players and articles, reports and studies produced by prominent actors in the field of news. Despite the significant changes brought by the digital, the core ideas that organise the business of providing local journalistic content in the regional press remain virtually unchanged from the analogic age. By the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, the technological disruption brought by the internet had already syphoned advertising revenue from local newspapers to a reduced number of big technological players. Print advertising is collapsing and collective actors, increasingly aware of the inability of newspapers to compete with SMP for digital advertising, take issue with the sustainability of advertising as a revenue stream.
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