| 61. |
- Wanner, Maximilian S.T.
(författare)
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Change in policy regimes for disaster risk reduction in Fiji and Nepal
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the disaster risk reduction (DRR) scholarship has focused on failures while neglecting positive developments, particularly in developing countries. In part, this bias reflects the adaptation deficit argument, which suggests we should expect the most vulnerable (i.e., developing) countries to struggle with adaptation due to their socio-political characteristics and heavy exposure to natural hazards. Investigating Fiji and Nepal, this study serves as a plausibility probe, examining how unexpected change in national DRR policy regimes was enabled under such adverse circumstances and exploring the appropriateness of theoretical assumptions suggesting aspects that warrant more testing in future. Following an exploratory approach, this qualitative study uses documentary evidence and secondary literature to illuminate how factors such as leadership, diffusion, and ‘focusing events’ enabled change. The study finds that in both cases, large-scale disasters accelerated change; however, Fiji was able to build upon continuity in its political leadership, whereas change in Nepal was contingent on international pressure. The findings bolster the case for the theory of ‘focusing events’, i.e., hazards serving as external shocks opening windows of opportunity, in developing countries. Furthermore, they confirm the importance of continuous commitment and diffusion processes in helping to overcome barriers to adaptation. Thereby, this study refines theoretical assumptions and illustrates the value of studying and learning from success and progress, particularly in the context of developing countries. Finally, the findings of this study underline the need, when analysing the processes of change, to take a closer look at the socio-political contexts – including regime types.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Salter, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Race and racism in critical security studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Security Dialogue. - : SAGE Publications. - 0967-0106 .- 1460-3640. ; 52:1 (suppl), s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the current moment, we are witnessing a resurgent political urgency around demands to overthrow the inequities that are entrenched in oppressive structural formations such as racism and colonialism. Debates about race and racism are also unfolding in academia. While there has been a long tradition of speaking plainly about race within international relations (Doty, 1993; Grovogui, 2001), the past decade has seen a re-engagement not just with race as an analytical category but also with racism (Anievas et al., 2015; Muppidi, 2018; Rutazibwa, 2016; Vitalis, 2015), frequently articulated in terms of, or alongside calls for, the decolonization of academia.
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| 64. |
- Nyberg, Gert, et al.
(författare)
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Enclosures as a land management tool for food security in African drylands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1747-4248 .- 1747-423X. ; 14:1, s. 110-121
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing sedentary agro-pastoralist livelihoods may be explained by land degradation, population pressure, agricultural commodification, and economic development. We reviewed scientific and ‘grey’ literature for the effects of enclosures on food security. Only 8% of the 114 reviewed scientific articles addressed food production, while 69% approached environmental parameters that indirectly affect food security, most of which had positive results. Thirty-one percent focused on social and economic impacts, land tenure conflicts and elite capture with negative connotations. The ‘grey’ literature showed an opposite balance between positive environmental views and negative socio-economic impacts. Enclosures are not a panacea for dryland development, but their use need to be recognized and understood. Multidisciplinary research and cooperation on the applied management of enclosures in the context of food security is highly needed. Furthermore, agro-pastoralist land-use practices need more policy space and practical management support, such as clear tenure legislation, agroforestry methodologies, and support in fodder production systems.
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| 65. |
- Velasquez, Juan, 1963
(författare)
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Sverige måste säga upp samarbetet med Colombias polismyndighet
- 2021
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Ingår i: Feministiskt perspektiv. ; :2021-06-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sveriges polismyndighet utbildar colombias poliskår i jämställdhet och mänskliga rättigheter. Men polisen under veckorna i april till juni kränker folkrätten systematiskt för att slå ned protesterna mot den sittande regeringen. Rättsväsendets ovilja att agera kräver ett samlat internationell ingripande. Sveriges regering kan bidra genom att genast säga upp samarbetet med Colombias polismyndighet och kräva respekt för rättsstatens principer.
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| 66. |
- Gray, Harriet, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Torture and sexual violence in war and conflict: The unmaking and remaking of subjects of violence
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of International Studies. - 0260-2105. ; 46:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the wide repository of knowledge about conflict-related sexual violence that now exists, there remains a lack of understanding about how victims/survivors of such violence themselves make sense of and frame their experiences in conversation with global and local discourses and with the categorisations that underpin support programmes. Such sense-making is important not only because the ways in which violence is categorised shape a victim/survivor's ability to access particular forms of recognition and support, but also because it is central in how shattered selves and worlds are remade in the aftermath of violence. Drawing on individual and group interviews conducted with refugees living in Kampala, Uganda, this article charts how framings of ‘torture’ and ‘sexual violence’ become meaningful in participants’ accounts in the (re)formation of themselves as subjects after violent victimisation. We trace how participants navigate the heteronormative societal and legal norms that shape their subjectivity and the effects of the violence they experienced through the deeply gendered and political work that these terms do in their narratives. Our analysis thus highlights and reminds us to pay attention to the political stakes involved in fluid processes of categorising injury.
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| 67. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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The performance of policy networks : the relation between network structure and network performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Policy Studies Journal. - 0190-292X .- 1541-0072. ; 36:4, s. 497-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of policy networks has long been emphasized within the field of policy analysis. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the explanatory power of policy networks using the tools and theoretical concepts provided by social network analysis (SNA). This paper aims to address this need by determining if a relationship exists between the structural features of policy networks, their organizing capacities, and their performance. A comparative case study of four networks within the higher education policy sector confirms the assumption related to the existence of such a relation. It is proposed that an efficient and innovative policy network consists of a heterogeneous set of actors that are centrally and densely integrated. Furthermore, while the level of network heterogeneity is positively related to the function of resource mobilization in the process of policymaking, the level of centralized integration promotes the function of prioritizing. These findings are believed to contribute to our understanding of policymaking in contemporary society. The current paper indicates that a significant explanatory power exists in the concept of policy networks and that SNA is one way of advancing its possibilities.
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| 68. |
- Pauw, W. P., et al.
(författare)
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Beyond headline mitigation numbers : we need more transparent and comparable NDCs to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change
- 2018
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 147:1, s. 23-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) were key to reaching the Paris Agreement and will be instrumental in implementing it. Research was quick to identify the ‘headline numbers’ of NDCs: if these climate action plans were fully implemented, global mean warming by 2100 would be reduced from approximately 3.6 to 2.7°C above pre-industrial levels (Höhne et al. Climate Pol 17:1–17, 2016; Rogelj et al. Nature 534:631–639, 2016). However, beyond these headline mitigation numbers, NDCs are more difficult to analyse and compare. UN climate negotiations have so far provided limited guidance on NDC formulation, which has resulted in varying scopes and contents of NDCs, often lacking details concerning ambitions. If NDCs are to become the long-term instrument for international cooperation, negotiation, and ratcheting up of ambitions to address climate change, then they need to become more transparent and comparable, both with respect to mitigation goals, and to issues such as adaptation, finance, and the way in which NDCs are aligned with national policies. Our analysis of INDCs and NDCs (Once a party ratifies the Paris Agreement, it is invited to turn its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) into an NDC. We refer to results from our INDC analysis rather than our NDC analysis in this commentary unless otherwise stated.) shows that they omit important mitigation sectors, do not adequately provide details on costs and financing of implementation, and are poorly designed to meet assessment and review needs.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
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