| 51. |
- Forsberg-Wärleby, Gunilla, 1953
(författare)
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Interventionsprogram riktade till närstående till personer med stroke - en litteraturstudie
- 2007
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Ingår i: AT-forum och Nordisk kongress. 19-20 April 2007. Stockholm. Sverige..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interventionsprogram riktade till närstående till personer med stroke - en litteraturstudie När en person i familjen drabbas av stroke är ofta de närstående i behov av stöd för att hantera den nya livssituationen. Under det senaste årtiondet har olika former av strukturerat stöd utarbetats och utvärderats. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka effekten av stöd till närstående. Metod:Systematisk litteratursökning gjordes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL. COHRANE library och PsycINFO. Sökordskombination: stroke - caregiv*/carer*/spouse* / famil* - support/education/program/intervention. Sökningen begränsades till randomiserade kontrollerade studier. Resultat: Femton studier inkluderades i analysen. Interventionerna omfattade: [1] Individuell intervention i form av att en stödperson ger information om stroke samt praktiskt stöd (sex studier), [2] Undervisning / träning i problemlösningsstrategier (fem studier) samt [3] Individuell/gruppundervisning om stroke, även med syfte att bidra till emotionellt stöd (fyra studier). Utvärdering av interventionerna visade att strukturerad undervisning bidrog till ökad kunskap om stroke. Träning i problemlösning bidrog till aktiva copingstrategier och bättre familjefunktion. Få interventioner hade betydelse för de närståendes egen aktivitet/delaktighet, belastning eller fysiska hälsa. Mindre än hälften av de studier som utvärderade effekten på de närståendes psykologiska hälsa visade på positiva resultat. Arbetsterapeuten har en viktig roll i att i stödja de närstående. Det behövs utvecklas arbetsterapeutiska interventionsprogram för att stödja de närstående i att hantera strokerelaterade problem i vardagslivet och att bibehålla sin egen aktivitet/delaktighet och därmed sin hälsa.
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| 52. |
- Forsberg-Wärleby, Gunilla, 1953
(författare)
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Psychological Well-Being, Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence in Spouses of Persons with Stroke
- 2007
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Ingår i: Workhop: New approaches in caregiver research and interventions. Robert-Bosch-Hospital. Stuttgart, Tyskland 23 July 2007..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, LIFE SATISFACTION AND SENSE OF COHERENCE IN SPOUSES OF PERSONS WITH STROKE. The purpose of our studies was to explore change in the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of spouses in the first year after their partner’s stroke as well as the impact of the sense of coherence on this phenomenon. We also compared the satisfaction of the spouses and their partners with important domains in life one year after a stroke. The research data consisted of data about the patients’ neurological end emotional status, questionnaires about the spouses’ self-rated well-being, life satisfaction and sense of coherence, and interview data concerning the spouses’ everyday life and need of support. Even though the spouses’ psychological well-being increased after the first chaotic months after their partner’s stroke their life satisfaction decreased, even in spouses of persons who had suffered a less severe stroke. The spouses’ sense of coherence in the first weeks after their partner’s stroke seemed to be related to their future well-being. However, change in their sense of coherence also occurred in the first year after their partner’s stroke. Need of support seemed to be different in different phases after their partner’s stroke, which has implications for the development of models of interventions to support spouses during their adaptation process. In our Stroke Research Group there are ongoing studies concerning spouses’ activities, participation, health and life satisfaction in a long-term perspective and concerning older spouses’ experience of need of support. A study concerning the effect of family-centred interventions directed to families in which a person suffers from “hidden dysfunctions” is also planned.
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| 53. |
- Angelov, Angel G., et al.
(författare)
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Four-decision tests for stochastic dominance, with an application to environmental psychophysics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the survival function of a random variable X lies to the right of the survival function of a random variable Y, then X is said to stochastically dominate Y. Inferring stochastic dominance is particularly complicated because comparing survival functions raises four possible hypotheses: identical survival functions, dominance of X over Y, dominance of Y over X, or crossing survival functions. In this paper, we suggest four-decision tests for stochastic dominance suitable for paired samples. The tests are permutation-based and do not rely on distributional assumptions. One-sided Cramér–von Mises and Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics are employed but the general idea may be utilized with other test statistics. The power to detect dominance and the different types of wrong decisions are investigated in an extensive simulation study. The proposed tests are applied to data from an experiment concerning the individual’s willingness to pay for a given environmental improvement.
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| 54. |
- Besic, Nejra, 1980-
(författare)
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At first blush : the impact of shyness on early adolescents' social worlds
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shyness as a behavioral characteristic has been in focus of research in psychology for a number of decades. Adolescent shyness has, however, been relatively overlooked compared with studies conducted on children and adults. This dissertation concentrated on adolescent shyness, aiming to attain a better comprehension about how shyness during this developmental phase might affect, and be affected by social relationships. The first aim of this dissertation was to study in which way shyness influences and is influenced by significant people in adolescents’ lives: peers, friends, and parents. Study III showed that shy youths socialized each other over time into becoming even more shy. Study VI demonstrated that youths’ shyness affected parenting behaviors, more so than parent’s behaviors affected youth shyness. The second aim of this dissertation was to investigate what shyness means for adolescents’ choices of relationships with friends, whereas the third aim focused on whether adolescents’ ways of dealing with peers would have consequences for their internal and external adjustment. As Study I showed, youths might take on off-putting, startling appearances in order to cope with their shyness. This strategy seemed, nonetheless, not particularly successful for the shy youths in terms of emotional adjustment. Study III showed that adolescents who were shy tended to choose others similar to themselves in shyness as friends. Study II showed that shyness might indeed have some positive implications for adolescent development, as it was found to serve a protective role in the link between advanced maturity and various types of problem behaviors. Overall, the findings point to some gender differences regarding all of the abovementioned processes. In sum then, the studies in this dissertation show that even though youths’ shy, socially fearful characteristics affect their emotional adjustment and those around them, shy youths are part of a larger social arena where they are active agents in shaping their own development. Although adolescent shyness might be linked with several negative outcomes, however, it might be other people’s reactions to socially fearful behaviors that help create and/or maintain these outcomes over time.
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| 55. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
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Om metoder för personbedömning i vardagslivet
- 2002
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet är att något klargöra och konkretisera saklighetsteori vid personbedömning samt att tydliggöra och kritiskt kommentera ett antal i vardagslivet förekommande "metoder" eller kvasimetoder för personbedömning, t.ex. "tycka-tro-känna-uppleva-intryck"-metoden med oberättigade fakticitetsanspråk. Skriften är erfarenhetsbaserad och betonar det omgivande makt-intresse-fältet inverkar på personbedömningar som tillhör forskningsområden som ofta betecknas som social perception eller social kognition. Skriften omfattar ca 35 sidor.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Westlund, Olle, 1969-
(författare)
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S(t)imulating a Social Psychology : G. H. Mead and the Reality of the Social Object
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social psychology is often said to be a scientific discipline aiming at the observation and explanation of actions between human beings or, more generally, between the human individual and the environment. This general proposition holds for most social psychologists, irrespective of allegiance. Accepting this, it is implied that we are observing the social aspect of a human individual. This text will ask for the conditions under which this social psychology is possible. Indeed, what has to be the case for the observation and explanation of the sociality of the individual to occur?On the basis of G. H. Mead, generally considered the hub around which modern social psychology developed, it will be argued that for a social psychological science to be possible, conditions are implied that make it impossible. Less rhetorically put, accepting or returning to Meads social argument and trying to co-ordinate it with basic premises of scientific conduct, one will find oneself caught between two Meadian facts. On the one hand each individual must be considered social, i.e., appearing to experience as two objects at once. On the other hand, however, explaining an object is to state the object in an unambiguous fashion, i.e., as an independent, hence individual, object. It will be argued here that Mead’s epistemology does not support a scientific and social psychology. Rather a scientific social psychology based on Mead constitutes a contradiction in terms, stemming from a series of misinterpretations. It is the objective of this text to demonstrate these misinterpretations with respect to attempts at a scientific social psychology based on the social vision of this scholar.
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| 58. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
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Lekteorier
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 59. |
- Nyberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial Working Conditions for Women and Men in Industries with Different Types of Production and Gender Composition : Sweden, 1991–2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gendered Norms at Work. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 2213-0497 .- 2213-0470. - 9783030777333 - 9783030777340 ; , s. 35-61
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter aims to contribute to the understanding of increased gender differences in sickness absence and health by applying a structural approach, and by analysing and describing the development of and differences in psychosocial working conditions in differently gendered industries. Some psychosocial work factors are expected to vary by differently gendered industries, and others are expected to vary by differently gendered industries and gender combined. Descriptive and comparative data of psychosocial working conditions for women and men in Sweden from the 1990s and onwards are presented. The results show that job demands and decision authority have developed more negatively in female-gendered industries for both genders since the early 1990s, although more negatively for women. Job demands are furthermore higher and decision authority lower in these industries among both men and women. Gender-based and sexual harassment, on the other hand, show a pattern between gendered industries and gender combined, such that more harassment occurs for men in female-gendered industries and for women in male-gendered industries. The results are discussed in relation to contextual and gender perspectives.
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| 60. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
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Learning about environmental issues with the aid of cognitive artefacts
- 2008
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Ingår i: SSKKII Publications. - 1653-8420.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When looking at the issue of learning about environmental problems many difficulties stem from their inherent abstractness which causes difficulties because humans have a problem understanding information that is not directly perceivable. We primarily create our lives on perceivable information and by imitating other people. This paper will examine the limitations of the human mind and it will discuss environmental problems that we can't grasp, but on the other hand it will discuss our cognitive capacities and the kind of tools we can use, and how these might be handled by educators. The tools discussed are: models and miniatures, metaphors and analogies, tracking, key questions, and (participatory) stories. The cognitive science approach is just one way of looking at the issue but it can be useful when dealing with educational challenges.
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