| 5801. |
- Gil-Ramirez, Alicia, et al.
(författare)
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Data on saponins, xylan and cellulose yield obtained from quinoa stalks after pressurized hot water extraction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 20, s. 289-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data we present below are linked to our research paper “Integrated process for sequential extraction of saponins, xylan and cellulose from quinoa stalks (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)” (Gil-Ramírez et al., 2018) [1]. The objective is to provide supplementary information in order to facilitate the comprehension of the central composite experimental design (rotatable 22) used in the integrated process of extractions. Two factors, temperature and time of extraction are considered in the design. The responses are the yield of saponin, xylan and cellulose. First, the desirable linear regression obtained by the observed vs. predicted yields plot for each variable response confirm the validation of the model (Fig. 1). Second, the data presented here through Standardized Pareto Charts (Fig. 2), provides information about the effect of the time and temperature, as well as their interactions, in the yield of saponins, xylan and cellulose obtained in an integrated sequential extraction.
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| 5802. |
- Gilbe, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting slagging tendencies for biomass pellets fired in residential appliances : a comparison of different prediction methods
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 22:6, s. 3680-3686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a comparison between four different types (both empirical and theoretical) of techniques to predict the slagging tendencies in residential pellet combustion appliances was performed. The four techniques used were the standard ash fusion test (SS ISO-540) used in the Swedish pellet standard (SS 18 7120), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), thermochemical model calculations, and a laboratory-scale sintering test. The tests were performed with 12 pelletized biomass raw materials, and the results were compared with measured slagging tendencies in controlled combustion experiments in a commercial under-fed pellet burner (20 kW) installed in a reference boiler. The results showed significant differences in the prediction of slagging tendencies between different predicting techniques and fuels. The method based on thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) of produced slags must be further developed before useful information could be provided of the slagging behavior of different fuels. The used sintering method must also be further improved before the slagging tendency of fuels forming slags extremely rich in silicon (e.g., some grasses) can be predicted. Relatively good agreement was obtained between results from chemical equilibrium calculations and the actual slagging tendencies from the combustion tests. However, the model calculations must be further improved before quantitative results can be used. The results from the standard ash fusion test (SS ISO 540) showed, in general, relatively high deformation temperatures, therefore predicting a less problematic behavior of the fuels in comparison to the actual slagging tendencies obtained from controlled combustion experiments in commercial pellet burner equipment. Nevertheless, the method predicted, in most cases, the same fuel-specific slagging (qualitatively) trends as the corresponding combustion behavior.
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| 5803. |
- Ginesy, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced arginine biosynthesis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Arginine is a high-value product, especially for the pharmaceutical industry. Growing demand for environmental-friendly and traceable products have stressed the need for microbial production of this amino acid. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve arginine production in Escherichia coli by metabolic engineering and to establish a fermentation process in 1-L bioreactor scale to evaluate the different mutants. Results: Firstly, argR (encoding an arginine responsive repressor protein), speC, speF (encoding ornithine decarboxylases) and adiA (encoding an arginine decarboxylase) were knocked out and the feedback-resistant argA214 or argA215 were introduced into the strain. Three glutamate independent mutants were assessed in bioreactors. Unlike the parent strain, which did not excrete any arginine during glucose fermentation, the constructs produced between 1.94 and 3.03 g/L arginine. Next, wild type argA was deleted and the gene copy number of argA214 was raised, resulting in a slight increase in arginine production (4.11 g/L) but causing most of the carbon flow to be redirected toward acetate. The V216A mutation in argP (transcriptional regulator of argO, which encodes for an arginine exporter) was identified as a potential candidate for improved arginine production. The combination of multicopy of argP216 or argO and argA214 led to nearly 2-fold and 3-fold increase in arginine production, respectively, and a reduction of acetate formation. Conclusions: In this study, Escherichia coli was successfully engineered for enhanced arginine production. The Delta adiA, Delta speC, Delta speF, Delta argR, Delta argA mutant with high gene copy number of argA214 and argO produced 11.64 g/L of arginine in batch fermentation, thereby demonstrating the potential of Escherichia coli as an industrial producer of arginine.
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| 5804. |
- Ginesy, Mireille
(författare)
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Production of L-arginine by Escherichia coli : Impact of genetic modifications, carbon and nitrogen sources
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the recent years, the demand for environmental friendly produced L-arginine has risen with the increasing number of applications for this amino acid in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, animal feed and fertilizers.Microbial production of L-arginine usually relies on Corynebacterium glutam-icum and Corynebacterium crenatum strains. However, Escherichia coli presents the advantage of being able to utilize a wider range of substrates, including pentose sugars found in lignocellulosic feedstocks.The present thesis illustrates the first steps in the development of a sustain-able process to produce L-arginine using E. coli. It starts with the construction of an L-arginine overproducing strain, followed by an investigation into adequate nitrogen and carbon sources for cell growth and L-arginine production.The first part of this thesis aimed at engineering an E. coli strain able to produce high level of L-arginine. Mutations on key genes of the L-arginine biosynthesis pathway were stepwisely done. The mutants obtained at each step were tested in bioreactor fermentations to assess the effect of each genetic modification. The final strain was able to produce almost 12 g/L during fer-mentation, at a productivity of 0.24 g/L/h. In comparison, the starting strain, E. coli K12 C600, was not able to excrete any L-arginine. Besides, one mutant from each step was further examined in a metabolomic study in order to gain deeper insight into the effects of the various genetic modifications performed.To minimize nitrogen waste and optimize the L-arginine production the impact of different nitrogen sources and concentrations were then investigated. Ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium sulfate and ammonia solution were the best nitrogen sources for L-arginine production. In minimal medium, the optimum carbon to nitrogen ratio was 6, yielding about 4 g/L L-arginine from 30 g/L glucose. At this ratio, both glucose and the nitrogen source were com-pletely utilized during fermentation.Finaly various carbon courses commonly found in lignocellulosic feedstocks were tested. D-glucose and D-xylose were the most suitable carbon sources followed by L-arabinose. D-galactose and D-mannose resulted in significantly less arginie formation. However, a mixture of all five sugars yielded a higher production than any individual sugar.
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| 5805. |
- Ginesy, Mireille
(författare)
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Production of L-arginine by genetically modified Escherichia coli
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the recent years, the demand for environmental friendly produced L-arginine has risen with the increasing number of applications for this amino acid in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, animal feed and fertilizers. Members of the Corynebacteriaceae family are usually used for microbial L-arginine production. However, Escherichia coli present the advantage of being able to utilize a wider range of substrates, including pentose sugars found in lignocellulosic feedstocks. The present thesis illustrates the first steps in the development of a sustainable process to produce L-arginine using E. coli. It starts with the constructions of a L-arginine overproducing strain, followed by optimization of the nitrogen supply for the fermentations.The first part of this thesis aimed at engineering an E. coli train able to produce high level of L-arginine. Mutations on key genes of the L-arginine biosynthesis pathway were step-wisely done. The mutants obtained at each step were tested in bioreactor fermentations to assess the effect of each genetic modification. The final strain was able to produce almost 12 g/l during fermentation, at a productivity of 0.24 g/l/h. In comparison the starting strain, E. coli K12 C600, was not able to excrete any L-arginine. To minimize nitrogen wastes and optimize the L-arginine production the impact of different nitrogen sources and concentration were investigated. It was shown that while ammonium phosphate dibasic was the most potent nitrogen source during cultivation on complex medium, all the sources were equivalent with minimal media; this probably reflected the phosphate deficiency of the complex medium used. In fermentation on minimal medium, a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 5 was demonstrated to be the most suitable, yielding up to 4.5 g/l L-arginine. At this ratio, both glucose and the nitrogen source were completely utilized during fermentation.
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| 5806. |
- Ginesy, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous Quantification of L-Arginine and Monosaccharides during Fermentation : An Advanced Chromatography Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing demand for L-arginine by the food and pharmaceutical industries has sparked the search for sustainable ways of producing it. Microbial fermentation offers a suitable alternative; however, monitoring of arginine production and carbon source uptake during fermentation, requires simple and reliable quantitative methods compatible with the fermentation medium. Two methods for the simultaneous quantification of arginine and glucose or xylose are described here: high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-IPAD) and reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with charged aerosol detection (RP-UHPLC-CAD). Both were thoroughly validated in a lysogeny broth, a minimal medium, and a complex medium containing corn steep liquor. HPAEC-IPAD displayed an excellent specificity, accuracy, and precision for arginine, glucose, and xylose in minimal medium and lysogeny broth, whereas specificity and accuracy for arginine were somewhat lower in medium containing corn steep liquor. RP-UHPLC-CAD exhibited high accuracy and precision, and enabled successful monitoring of arginine and glucose or xylose in all media. The present study describes the first successful application of the above chromatographic methods for the determination and monitoring of L-arginine amounts during its fermentative production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain cultivated in various growth media.
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| 5807. |
- Ginesy, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning of the Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio for the Production of L-Arginine by Escherichia coli
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- L-arginine, an amino acid with a growing range of applications within the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries, can be produced by microbial fermentation. Although it is the most nitrogen-rich amino acid, reports on the nitrogen supply for its fermentation are scarce. In this study, the nitrogen supply for the production of l-arginine by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain was optimised in bioreactors. Different nitrogen sources were screened and ammonia solution, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic, and ammonium chloride were the most favourable nitrogen sources for l-arginine synthesis. The key role of the C/N ratio for l-arginine production was demonstrated for the first time. The optimal C/N molar ratio to maximise l-arginine production while minimising nitrogen waste was found to be 6, yielding approximately 2.25 g/L of l-arginine from 15 g/L glucose with a productivity of around 0.11 g/L/h. Glucose and ammonium ion were simultaneously utilized, showing that this ratio provided a well-balanced equilibrium between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms.
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| 5808. |
- Gitau, James K., et al.
(författare)
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Use of Biochar-Producing Gasifier Cookstove Improves Energy Use Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in Rural Households
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass fuels dominate the household energy mix in sub-Saharan Africa. Much of it is used inefficiently in poorly ventilated kitchens resulting in indoor air pollution and consumption of large amounts of wood fuel. Micro-gasification cookstoves can improve fuel use efficiency and reduce indoor air pollution while producing char as a by-product. This study monitored real-time concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and amount of firewood used when households were cooking dinner. Twenty-five households used the gasifier cookstove to cook and five repeated the same test with three-stone open fire on a different date. With the gasifier, the average corresponding dinner time CO, CO2, and PM2.5 concentrations were reduced by 57%, 41%, and 79% respectively compared to three-stone open fire. The gasifier had average biomass-to-char conversion efficiency of 16.6%. If the produced char is used as fuel, households could save 32% of fuel compared to use of three-stone open fire and 18% when char is used as biochar, for instance. Adoption of the gasifier can help to reduce the need for firewood collection, hence reducing impacts on the environment while saving on the amount of time and money spent on cooking fuel.
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| 5809. |
- Glassner, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Purification process for succinic acid produced by fermentation
- 1995
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 51-52:1, s. 73-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Succinic acid is a versatile four-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It can be used commerically as an intermediate chemical for the manufacture of 1,4-butanediol, maleic anhydride, and many other chemicals. Succinic acid can be produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates. A complete process for the production and purification of succinic acid from carbohydrates has been developed. The process includes fermentation, desalting electrodialysis, water-splitting electrodialysis, and crystallization to produce a pure crystalline succinic acid. This article will present experimental work performed in the development of this process.
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| 5810. |
- Gogolev, Ivan, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali emissions characterization in chemical looping combustion of wood, wood char, and straw fuels
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820. ; 237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical looping combustion of wood pellets (WP), wood char (WC), and straw pellets (SP) was conducted in a 60 kW CLC pilot with ilmenite and braunite oxygen carriers (OCs). Alkali emissions were investigated with impactor-based and surface ionization detector (SID) measurements. Particle size distributions for WP and WC fuels were dominated by coarse particles formed by refractory species. For SP fuel, the distribution was bimodal with a distinct fine particle mode formed by nucleation of volatile ash species. Thermodynamic modelling of stable alkali species at 800 °C predicted that high KOH(g) and lower concentrations of KCl(g) are stable for WP and WC fuels. For SP fuel, equilibrium K species were dominated by condensed-phase K species, followed by KCl(g), and KOH(g). Modelling of fuel-OC interactions showed that ilmenite decreases equilibrium levels of KOH(g) and KCl(g). Braunite impacted only KOH(g) levels. Impactor sample leachate analysis showed that for WP-braunite operation, the leachate contained KCl, NaCl, KOH, and NaOH, in decreasing order. For WC-ilmenite operation, the samples contained KOH and KCl. For SP fuel, most detected alkalis were KCl. For most cases, speciation of impactor samples qualitatively agreed with modelling predictions. Impactor and SID alkali measurements showed reasonable agreement for WC-braunite and SP-braunite tests.
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