| 101. |
- Widmalm, Hedvig
(författare)
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Exploring the Mores of Mining : The oeconomy of the Great Copper Mine, 1716–1724
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis closely examines the Great Copper Mine in Falun in the first two decades of the eighteenth century. It uses a micro-historical approach to investigate the economic discourse of agrarian oeconomy, a complex idea tied to the early modern agrarian society. The implementation of a series of economic reforms in 1716 and the subsequent Royal Commission in 1724 form the key sources studied here. Part of this also includes a close reading of the words of Anders Swab, the Mine Inspector, and those who argued against his reforms.The first three chapters introduce the methods and theories. Chapter 4 concerns the discussions surrounding the reforms. This chapter is based on the protocols of the Board of Mines, the Swedish body for governing mines and metalworks. Although the chapter uses primary source material, it provides context for understanding the materials of the Royal Commission of 1724.The investigation of the Royal Commission is at the centre this study. The Commission was started due to a series of petitions that were sent to the Swedish Diet by the people of Falun in 1723. The Diet then created a commission, whose officials read petitions, and collected information relating to the complaints. After this material was reviewed, the commissioners called the various groups who had petitioned, and questioned them about their complaints. They also confronted Swab, the architect behind the reforms, with their findings. Through a close reading of the petitions, the associated material, and the protocols of the Commission, this thesis investigates how groups on various levels of hierarchy discussed oeconomy. The unique social structure of the Great Copper Mine meant that it was difficult to implement the economic ideals of agrarian oeconomy. The results show how economic discourse changed depending on the status of actors in the household economy, as well as how the actors were able to use their status to further their causes. The micro-historical perspective illuminates how complex, yet contradictory the structure of the household economy was. It was meant to uphold a static hierarchy, yet it still granted a relative agency to disempowered groups within it.
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| 102. |
- Wiell, Karolina, 1974-
(författare)
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Bad mot Lort och Sjukdom : Den privathygieniska utvecklingen i Sverige 1880–1949
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the question of why a large number of small, modest, public baths (saunas) were built on the Swedish countryside during 1920–1949 has been analysed. The specific research question has been: How did the idea of the need for the baths, as well better personal hygiene among the Swedish population, develop? The study is based on a number of different sources, including governmental registers, records, and motions to parliament, reports from the organization of the district medical officers, popular science books, leaflets, schoolbooks and magazines.When bacteria were identified in the mid-19th century, the new knowledge spread around the world. In Sweden, the district medical officers made personal hygiene (skin care) a main question in the 1890s as a way of making their work important to their employer, Medicinalstyrelsen. It was also away to demonstrate their importance and unique competence when it came to preventive healthcare. The new knowledge, based on assembled health statistics and the idea of hygiene, was distributed to the population through literature such as schoolbooks, women’s magazines, and works of popular science, as well as through compulsory school baths for children. In the end, after almost 40 years, the arguments for personal hygiene formed an ideology that reached the government and resulted in a decision that supported the building boom of small public baths on the Swedish countryside, known as badstugor, to meet the need of an improved personal hygiene in areas where municipal water- and drainage systems were still not established.This study contributes to the understanding of personal and societal change. This study also focuses on how economics can be affected by help, adding to the field of economic history. Another aspect is how changes of norms, as well as strong beliefs, can lead to societal changes, new social norms and change behaviour of a population.
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| 103. |
- Wikman, Pär
(författare)
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Kulturgeografin tar plats i välfärdsstaten : Vetenskapliga modeller och politiska reformer under efterkrigstidens första decennier
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explain why human geography in Sweden became a planning science during the postwar period. Human geography had developed a sophisticated use of abstract models. The proliferation of models within in the social sciences was an international phenomenon during the postwar period. Actors within human geography in Sweden embraced this trend and strived towards making the constructions of models the methodological core of the discipline. Human geography, as an independent discipline, was being defined during this period. Simultaneously, human geography’s position within Swedish society was also being defined. This led a group of geographers, who were very much in favor of human geography as a science of models, to align themselves with the needs of the expanding welfare state.The group of actors, who reformed their discipline by making a specific form of geographical expertise essential to the welfare state, are referred to as geographers of planning. The most important actors within this group was, the not yet world famous, Torsten Hägerstrand and his colleague Sven Godlund. During the crucial years of the mid-1950s to the early-1960s, Hägerstrand held a position at Lund University while Godlund was engaged in a number of public investigations. Godlund regularly hired Hägerstran’s students and those same students used their experiences working for the public investigations to write their term papers. Through Godlund’s and Hägerstrand’s relationship a generations of human geographers was trained in planning practices and human geography was defined, within the public administration, by the works of Godlund and Hägerstrand.The most widely disseminated models were constructed from the German geographer Walter Christaller’s central place theory. By translating the general arguments of the theory into codified models, the theory was turned into a tool for planners. Thus the theoretical skills of human geographers where embedded in the practices of practical planning. This process turned the difference between research and planning into a difference of degree, rather than a difference of practice. During the municipal reforms of the 1960s the Swedish municipalities were remade to closer resemble the ideal of the central place theory. Through that reform the relationship between human geography and social planning was consolidated, making human geographers experts of planning. A labor market was created for geographers but it also placed an onus on the geographical institutions to supply the labor force for that market.
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| 104. |
- Ågren, Karin, 1971-
(författare)
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Köpmannen i Stockholm : Grosshandlares ekonomiska och sociala strategier under 1700-talet
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not? In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books. The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same. However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently.
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| 105. |
- Åkerblom, Annika
(författare)
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Arbetarskydd för kvinnor : Kvinnlig yrkesinspektion i Sverige 1913-1948
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with the Female Factory Inspectorate in Sweden 1913-1948. Its creation and activities and its approach to women and women's work are analysed from a genderperspective. The creation of a Female Factory Inspectorate was a consequence of industrialisation and subsequent changes in society and should be seen as part of the growing welfarestate in Sweden. The Female Factory Inspectorate was established after many years of campaigning byphilanthropic organisations and the feminist movement to arouse public opinion. The newinspectorate meant an institutionalisation of differences between men and women. The workat the Female Factory Inspectorate was concerned with questions of a social nature, such aseducation or morality, in contrast to that of the General Factory Inspectorate which focusedon technical questions. When the Female Factory Inspectorate was dissolved in 1948, theintention was to integrate the social questions into the General Factory Inspectorate. The Female Factory Inspectorate in Sweden had a pivotal position, having much contactwith workers, male as well as female, employers, civil servants and organisations. The inspectorate was thus able to influence legislation affecting women workers. In this thesis, the organisation of the Female Factory Inspectorate, its employees and itscharacteristics are explained and its development from a philanthropically-based organisationto a public authority is described. In the description and analysis of the practice of the femaleinspectorate, it becomes clear that the focus of its work was on the everyday life at the work-places. With this work the Female Factory Inspectorate contributed to the construction andreconstruction of female (industrial) workers.
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