| 51. |
- Karlsson, Mikael, 1972-
(författare)
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Filantropi under konstruktion : En undersökning av Sällskapet DBW:s samhällsengagemang 1814–1876
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 19th century was a time when a large number of voluntary associations were being formed both in Sweden and in Europe as a whole. Their ambition was to engage in health care and poor relief issues as well as in the educational system. Furthermore, the general idea was to promote temperance and foster a sense of thrift among the poor and the working class population.While the starting-point of the thesis was the question as to why the voluntary associations founded various charitable activities as well as how the philanthropy was designed, organised and modified throughout the century, the aim has been to elucidate the motive force and incentives for their social reforms. In order to answer the two main questions of the dissertation, the association De Badande Wännerna (the DBW), which engaged in several philanthropic activities in the Swedish province of Gotland as early as the 1810s, has been selected for a case study.In the literature a number of different reasons have been stressed as to why voluntary associations chose to engage in charitable activities. In order to shed light on what factors that underlay their philanthropic work, the process of negotiation regarding the various institutions established by the DBW, as well as the practical layout of the establishments, have been analysed from the perspectives of a theoretical model based on affinity groups.The study has shown that the incentives of philanthropy were complex. Furthermore, the incentives changed concurrently with the expansion of the public poor relief and educational system, which from the middle of the 19th century took over many of the humanitarian efforts hitherto run by the voluntary associations. The result of this development was that the voluntary associations created new spheres of activity. They continued to fulfil important societal functions, but their establishments also fulfilled a more internal desire for pleasure and delights.
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| 52. |
- Kenttä, Tony, 1985-
(författare)
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When Belongings Secure Credit… : Pawning and Pawners in Interwar Borås
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with pawning primarily from the perspective of the pawners. It utilises two samples from the ledgers of a municipal pawnshop in Borås in western Sweden, from 1922/23 and 1932/33. Its aim is to deal with the relation between the material and financial side of pawning as well as the causes behind pawning. One of the results of the study is that most pawn loans were very small, which means that pawning probably was connected to income insufficiency. It showed that weekly repeated pawning, which has been proposed in previous research as a common pattern, was nearly non-existent. Instead, most pawners were occasional customers at the pawnshop.It was shown that certain collateral (such as clothes and decorative objects) affected the length of the redemption time. This meant that pawners had the ability to redeem a pledge quickly – if they had a need for the item. However, at the same time, pawns could remain for a long time in the pawnshop, which indicates that repaying the loan was difficult for the pawner. Otherwise, they should have acted to minimise the interest they had to pay for the loan. For the pawner the payment of the loan likely meant foregoing much needed consumption in the present.According to this study, variability of income was a more important cause for pawning than the size of income. Pawn loans likely countered short-term variation in income or expenditures. However, it could not help against long-term unemployment. The study also investigated if pawning was affected by the life cycle, but found no clear relationship. The study showed that most of the customers at the pawnshop were male, which goes against most of the previous research. Another of the study’s result was that women’s pawning, but not men’s pawning, was connected to the presence of children in the household, and women had also more children than men did. Having many children had also an effect on women’s pawning, but not on men’s. The study considers that it seems like women pawned more due to family needs than men did.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1953-
(författare)
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Media, makten och nätverken : Stockholms mediemarknad i förändring
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MEDIEMARKNADEN har genomgått en genom-gripande omvandling under de senaste decennierna. Teknologisk utveckling har öppnat för nya medieformer och distributions-system och bidragit till mediemarknadens globalisering. I denna bok analyseras hur Stockholms roll som mediecentrum påverkats av denna utveckling och hur företag i Stockholmsregionen kunnat utveckla sina positioner bland annat genom internationella kontaktnät.
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| 55. |
- Likic-Brboric, Branka
(författare)
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Democratic Governance in the Transition from Yugoslav Self-Management to a Market Economy : The Case of the Slovenian Privatization Debates 1990-1992
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main object of this doctoral dissertation is the Slovenian transition to a market economy with a focus on the genesis of the Slovenian privatization model and the political and legislative process behind its formulation. Starting from a presentation of the international context and historical legacies, the study investigates the almost three-year-long Slovenian theoretical, parliamentary, economic, political and public debates (1990-1992) concerning the choice of model and institutional framework for large-scale privatization. In particular the legislative and discursive shaping of the text of the Law on Ownership Transformation of Enterprises is analyzed. The thesis addresses the design of a property rights regime as a genuinely political meta-process of structuring that involves a redistribution of social assets, with important economic and social consequences for different groups in society, through which the conception of a just society is redefined. The study applies the heterodox institutional approach to analyze institutional choices in the "transition to market". Such a perspective questions the simple causal explanations of the mechanisms of diffusion and the role of dominant ideas and ideologies in shaping institutions. Furthermore, the conventional understanding of institutions and history as structural constraints is challenged in order to open for the exploration of the conditions, mechanisms and processes of institutional change in terms of actors' contingencies for development of new institutions and path shifts through learning and problem-solving processes, interaction and interpretation. The influence of the Slovenian experience with Yugoslav self-management on institutional change is explored.
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| 56. |
- Lilja, Kristina, 1968-
(författare)
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Marknad och hushåll : Sparande och krediter i Falun 1820-1910 utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The primary aim of this thesis has been to analyse the transformation of the Swedish capital market from a household perspective. The investigation shows that the transition from a mostly private credit market to a more institutionalised credit market took place at the end of the nineteenth century. At this time there were several actors in the credit market that were able to fulfil the diverse needs of credit that different households might have. This need was very much correlated to the household’s particular stage in its life-cycle. In accordance with the life-cycle theory and the permanent income hypothesis, households displayed a savings and consumption pattern that was dependent on income and the burden of expenditure. Households also seemed to have particular difficulty meeting expenditures, so-called life-cycle squeezes, when the household was first started, when the household size was at its peak and when the head of family reached old age, which coincided with a declining capacity to work. The investigation also shows that household savings were meant for old age. Contrary to the assumption made in life-cycle theory, households seemed to intend to provide heirs with an inheritance. This finding is more in keeping with the permanent income hypothesis, which states that households were expected to maintain their assets intact over the course of a life-time.
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| 57. |
- Lindberg, Erik
(författare)
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Borgerskap och burskap : Om näringsprivilegier och borgerskapets institutioner i Stockholm 1820-1846
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1846 the guilds were abolished in Sweden. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the abolishment of guilds and guild-like institutions was due to a de facto breakdown of the guild system in Stockholm during the period 1820 to 1846. Previous research has claimed that the new trade legislation that followed the abolishment of guilds more or less codified an already established fact. The findings in this study contradict this conclusion. The guild system was apparently working in accordance with the law. The legal abolishment of the guilds therefore was a major institutional innovation in Swedish society, and not an already established fact. The central argument in explaining the persistence of the guild system is that the city burghers, a privileged group with special rights to exercise trade and handicrafts in the Swedish towns, had gradually strengthened their political power both on the national and local level. They were able to exercise control over local institutions to protect their privileges. Since their privileges were granted to them by the King as a collective, cooperation and moderation within the community were necessary to achieve the collective benefits. The burghers' incentives to defend their privileges are analyzed based on a contractarian perspective and using a method of institutional analysis. The burghers' strong influence over local institutions made it possible for them to stop any breakdown of the guild system, which therefore remained intact until its formal abolishment in 1846.
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| 58. |
- Lindberg, Henrik, 1973-
(författare)
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Att möta krisen : Politikbyte på lokal nivå under industrikrisen i Söderhamn 1975-1985
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of how local municipalities handle local industrial crises. More specifically the aim is to investigate the change in ideas and concepts that lead to a change in industrial policy during the industrial crisis in the 1970’s and 1980’s in Söderhamn. The first years of industrial decline in Söderhamn were handled with traditional methods. A powerful public opinion united to protest against the repeated shutdowns. Petitions were signed. The established interests in Söderhamn, mainly represented by different parts of the labour movement, tried to defend the old industries. Public opinion and the important pressure groups claimed that the central government in Stockholm and the large companies were responsible for the employment losses. In the early eighties the prevailing local consensus was put into doubt by the unions and some local Social Democrats. They urged for a more active local government to strengthen the local industry. At this time a more advanced local industrial policy was formulated. By expanding the organisation of local industrial policy, investing in growth companies and recruiting more personnel, more efficient tools were created. An important conclusion is that the new local industrial policy could not be implemented before the important decision-makers accepted new standards and a new view of the crisis.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Lundqvist, Torbjörn, 1958-
(författare)
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Den stora ölkartellen : Branschorganisering och kartellbildning i bryggeriindustrin 1885-1914
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with the different functions of the Swedish Brewers Association: political defence against reductions in the free trade in beer and taxation of the brewing industry, defence against strikes and boycotts, and the making of a nation-wide cartel. The breakthroug of temperance ideology, the fiscal needs of the state and the growth of the socialist labour movement threatened the property interests of the brewing industry. The institutional changes that meant the end of laissez-faire for the brewing industry led to organisational development in the Association. The development aimed at making political influence more effective and the instrument was a control organisation. During the 1890s several attempts were made to form a nation-wide cartel. It failed because the Association tried to optimise contracts and because of an ineffective organisation. When the organisation had developed into a bureaucratic control organisation, with employed officers and a powerful executive committe, the formation of the cartel succeeded in 1905-06, not least because of a "learning by doing process". However, cartelisation was difficult to accomplish and it took three years to recruit the main portion of the breweries, which meant 193 members in 1908. A period of 17 years elapsed between the first attempt to form a nation-wide cartel and 1908. Thereafter the cartel remained in effect until 1956. The development of Brewers Association into a control organisation was necessary for successful cartelisation, not least because many brewers did not dare to join a cartel which lacked possibilities of enforcement. The main purpose with the cartel was political. Through control of the market the Brewers Association believed that self-regulation would prevent further reductions in the free trade in beer. The study is primarily based on the records of the Brewers Association wich made it possible to follow its discussions in detail.
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