| 21. |
- Abou-Ali, Hala, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Does Benefit Transfer Always Work: a Multi-country Comparison
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the welfare effects of a 50 percent reduction in air pollution caused by road traffic in both Cairo (Egypt) and Rabat-Salé (Morocco) using a contingent valuation method with identical elicitation questions. Despite the fact that both the numbers of inhabitants and vehicles are higher in Cairo the willingness to pay to reduce the impacts of vehicle emissions is higher in Rabat-Salé although incomes are rather similar in both cities. This paper shows that the relatively often-used benefit transfer frequently leads to biases where damage costs are under- or overestimated.
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| 22. |
- Abou-Ali, Hala, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the welfare effects of improved water qualityusing the choice experiment method
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the welfare effects of improved health status through increased water quality using a choice experiment. The survey was administered to a random sample of households in metropolitan Cairo, Egypt. We apply a random parameter logit model in the analysis and illustrate the richness of information that can be obtained from this type of model by estimating individual level willingness to pay (WTP). We find a significant WTP for improved health status, both for short-run and long-run health effects. However, the estimated WTP is fairly low compared with the costs of a program that would achieve these improvements.
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| 23. |
- Abou-Ali, Hala, 1972
(författare)
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The effect of water and sanitation on child mortality in Egypt
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper assesses water and sanitation´s impacts on child mortality in Egypt. The analysis is conducted using a three-part model specification, comprising discrete choice to model the child prospects of dying during the neonatal period. The remaining parts uses transition models to model infant and childhood risk of death where unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. The results show that access to municipal water decreases the risk and sanitation is found to have a more pronounced impact on mortality than water. The results suggest that increasing awareness of the Egyptian population relative to health care and hygiene is an important feature to decrease child´s mortality risk. Moreover, gender discrimination is found to be of an important effect beyond the neonatal period.
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| 24. |
- Abou-Ali, Hala, 1972
(författare)
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Using stated preference methods to evaluate the impact of water onhealth: the case of metropolitan Cairo
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analysis the impact of better water quality on health improvements using two stated preference methods: choice experiments and the contingent valuation method. These methods were administered to a random sample of 1500 households living in metropolitan Cairo, Egypt. The results indicate that households living in Metropolitan Cairo have a positive but rather small willingness to pay for reducing health risks owing to water quality.
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| 25. |
- Acocella, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Labor market regimes and the effects of monetary policy
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use a standard multi-union, monopolistic competition model to evaluate analytically and numerically the effects of monetary policy on inflation and unemployment under different institutional arrangements in the labor market that are defined by the rigidity of nominal wages. We show that the effects of monetary policy on the real economy depend critically on the wage formation regime, and on the ways in which the restrictiveness of policy interacts with product price competition, wage setting centralization and the utility weight unions place on real wage premiums as compared to unemployment. Our interpretation of the results emphasizes how the posture of monetary policy toward inflation influences the strategic calculations driving unions´ wage setting behavior in different institutional environments.
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| 26. |
- Adermon, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational wealth mobility and the role of inheritance: Evidence from multiple generations
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study estimates intergenerational correlations in mid-life wealth across three generations, and a young fourth generation, and examines how much of the parent-child association that can be explained by inheritances. Using a Swedish data set we find parent-child rank correlations of 0.3–0.4 and grandparents-grandchild rank correlations of 0.1–0.2. Conditional on parents’ wealth, grandparents’ wealth is weakly positively associated with grandchild’s wealth and the parent-child correlation is basically unchanged if we control for grandparents’ wealth. Bequests and gifts strikingly account for at least 50 per cent of the parent-child wealth correlation while earnings and education are only able to explain 25 per cent.
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| 27. |
- Adler, Johan, 1970
(författare)
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From closed to open door policy: An empirical study of Chinas international capital mobility, 1958-98
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper employs the intertemporal consumption smoothing approach to the current account to measure the effective degree of Chinas international capital mobility during the period 1958-98. In contrast to all previous known country studies using this framework, the hypothesis that capital has been at least mobile enough to allow for full consumption smoothing behavior is rejected. Also, although there is clear evidence of a drastic increase in mobility following the introduction of the open door policy in teh late 1970s, the result indicate that there remain effective barriers to Chinas international capital movements.
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| 28. |
- Adler, Johan, 1970
(författare)
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Has Sweden´s government budget policy been too discretionary? Evidence from a generalization of the tax smoothing hypothesis
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barro's (1979) tax smoothing hypothesis (TSH) assumes that the government is always subject to an "optimal" degree of discretion in budget policy, i.e., optimal in the sense that the welfare costs from taxation are minimized. This paper proposes a generalization of the TSH that relaxes this crucial assumption. Postwar evidence for Sweden indicates that in contrast to the TSH, the generalized model provides close to a perfect fit: Tax smoothing behavior in combination with more discretion in budget policy relative to what is optimal, can explain all shifts in the central government's budget balance, including the dramatic shifts during the period 1970-96.
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| 29. |
- Adler, Johan, 1970
(författare)
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The open economy excess sensitivity hypothesis: Theory and Swedish evidence
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper extends the theory of open economy consumption behavior by applying Flavin's (1993) excess sensitivity hypothesis (ESH) to the current account. The ESH can be interpreted as a generalization of the open economy permanent income hypothesis (PIH) that allows for any degree of international capital mobility. As such, the ESH can account for why the PIH fails and for the related puzzle of an "excessively volatile" current account. Furthermore, the ESH suggests an alternative approach for assessing a country's degree of international capital mobility. Using annual Swedish data for the period 1951-99, the empirical evidence implies that, in contrast to the PIH, the ESH cannot be rejected.
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| 30. |
- Aguilar, Renato, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-School Education and School Performance The Case of Public Schools in Montevideo
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we try to explain the academic performance of a sample of children starting their first year at public schools in 1999 in Montevideo, Uruguay. We are mainly interested in the effect of pre-school education on the children’s academic results. We found fairly strong empirical evidence to suggest that having pre-school education has a short term positive effect on these children’s results in the first year at school, and the long-term effect, after six years, seems to be somewhat weaker but is still positive. We also estimated several other factors connected with schools and with households that might lie behind children’s short-term and long-term performance. It is important to note that the results for boys are clearly differentiated from those for girls.
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