| 41. |
- Ahlgren, N., et al.
(author)
-
Panel Cointegration of Chinese A and B Shares
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper we study market segmentation and information flows in China's stock markets. By using panel data methods we test for a unit root in the price premium of domestic investors' A shares over foreign investors' B shares as well as cointegration between the prices of the A and B shares on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. We find that the A-share premia are nonstationary and the A- and B-share prices are not cointegrated up till January 2001. After February 2001, when domestic investors were allowed to trade B shares, the A-share premia become stationary and the A- and B-share prices cointegrated. Our findings suggest that the relaxation of the investment restrictions decreased the information asymmetry betwen the A- and B-share markets in China.
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| 42. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., 1977
(author)
-
Are Religious People More Prosocial? A Quasi-Experimental Study with Madrasah Pupils in a Rural Community in India
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Using quasi-experimental data, this paper examines the relationship between religiosity and prosocial behavior. In contrast to previous studies which identify religious people by how often they attend religious services or by their self-reported religiosity, this study compares the behavior of highly devout students who are preparing to enter the clergy, to the behavior of other students in a public-goods game and in the dictator game. The results show that religious students were significantly more cooperative in the public-goods game and significantly more generous in the dictator game than other students.
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| 43. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., 1977, et al.
(author)
-
In the back of your mind: Subliminal influences of religious concepts on prosocial behavior
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Does religion enhance prosocial behavior? We investigate the ways in which implicit influences of religious concepts affect generosity and cooperation. In contrast to previous studies, we assess the direct impact of religion as an independent variable on prosocial behavior. We do so by subliminally priming participants with religious concepts in a scrambled sentence task before they play a dictator game and a prisoner?s dilemma game. We found that implicit priming of religious concepts significantly increased prosocial behavior in both games. This result was present among both religious and nonreligious participants. Selfreported measure of religiosity was related neither to generosity nor to cooperation.
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| 44. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., 1977, et al.
(author)
-
Sexual Orientation and Earnings in Sweden
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents a study of earnings differentials between homosexual individuals who are living in civil unions and married heterosexual individuals based on register data from Sweden. The results show that gay men are at an earnings disadvantage as compared to male heterosexuals. This earnings differential amounts to between 10 and 15 per cent. The earnings differential is smaller in metropolitan areas compared to nonmetropolitan areas. Regarding females, the results show that the earnings differential between lesbians and heterosexual women is very small. The existence of different kinds of discrimination as well as the fact that families specialize in market and household labour within households are put forward as plausible explanations for the results.
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| 45. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Back To Bentham: Should We? Large‐Scale Comparison of Decision versus Experienced Utility for Income‐Leisure Preferences
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Subjective well‐being (SWB) is increasingly used as a way to measure individual well‐being. Interpreted as "experienced utility", it has been compared to "decision utility" using specific experiments (Kahneman et al., 1997) or stated preferences (Benjamin et al. 2012). We suggest here an original large‐scale comparison between ordinal preferences elicited from SWB data and those inferred from actual choices (revealed preferences). Precisely, we focus on income‐leisure preferences, closely associated to redistributive policies. We compare indifference curves consistent with income‐leisure subjective satisfaction with those derived from actual labor supply choices, on the same panel of British households. Results show striking similarities between these measures on average, reflecting that overall, people’s decision are not inconsistent with SWB maximization. Yet, the shape of individual preferences differ across approaches when looking at specific subpopulations. We investigate these differences and test for potential explanatory channels, particularly the roles of constraints and of individual "errors" related to aspirations, expectations or focusing illusion. We draw implications of our results for welfare analysis and policy evaluation.
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| 46. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Does relative income matter for the very poor? - Evidence from rural Ethiopia
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We studied whether relative income has an impact on subjective well-being among extremely poor people. Contrary to the findings in developed countries, we cannot reject the hypothesis that relative income has no impact on subjective well-being in rural areas of northern Ethiopia.
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| 47. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975
(author)
-
Dynamics of Employment- and Earnings-Assimilation of First-Generation Immigrant Men in Sweden, 1990-2000
- 2007
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The employment- and earnings-assimilation of first-generation immigrant men in Sweden was estimated using a dynamic random-e¤ects sample-selection model with eleven waves of unbalanced panel-data during 1990-2000. Endogenous initial values were controlled for using the simple Wooldridge method. Local market unemployment-rates were used as a proxy in order to control for the effect of changing macroeconomic conditions. Significant structural (true) state-dependence was found both on the employment-probabilities and on the earnings of both immigrants and native Swedes. The size of structural state-dependence differed between immigrants and Swedes. Failure to control for the structural state-dependence could have caused bias not only in the assimilation measures but also in the cohort-effects. For example, standard (classic) assimilation model seriously overestimates short-run marginal assimilation-rates and underestimates long-run marginal assimilation- rates. The model controlling for structural state-dependence shows that the earnings of all immigrants in Sweden (except Iraqies) eventually converge to those of native Swedes, but only Nordics and Westerners are able to reach the employment- probability of native Swedes.
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| 48. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Economic Performance of Turkish Immigrant Men in the European Labour-Market: Evidence from Sweden
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper uses eleven waves of panel-data to analyse the earnings assimilation of first-generation Turkish immigrant men in Sweden. Employment-probabilities and earnings are estimated in a fixed-effects sample selection model in order to control for both individual effects and panel-selectivity, which arise due to missing earnings-information. Local unemployment rates are used as proxy for varying local market conditions in order to control for the bias caused by equal-period-effect assumption. The results indicate that the earnings of Turkish immigrant men converge to those of natives, but their probability of being employed does not. The assimilation response of Turkish immigrants differs considerably, depending on arrival-cohorts and educational levels.
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| 49. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Everybody’s a Victim? Global Terror, Well-Being and Political Attitudes
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Terror has become a global issue. Terror acts perpetuated by religious, nationalist or political groups around the globe can propagate distress rapidly through different channels and possibly change political attitudes. This paper suggests the first evaluation of the impact of global terror on human welfare. We combine panel datasets for Australia, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, the UK and the US. Individual well-being information for 750,000 individual x year observations, recorded on precise dates, is matched with daily information on the 70,000 terror events that took place worldwide during 1994-2013. High-frequency data and quasi-random terror shocks of varying intensity provide the conditions for robust inference, while external validity is guaranteed by the use of large representative samples. We find a significantly negative effect of global terror on well-being, with a money-metric cost of around 6% - 17% of national income. Among diffusion channels, stock markets and economic anticipations play a minimal role, while traditional media filter the most salient events. The effect is greatly modulated by the physical, genetic or cultural proximity to the terror regions/victims. For a subset of countries, we also show that global terror has significantly increased the intention to vote for conservative parties. Heterogeneity analyses point to the mediating effect of risk perception: individuals who exhibit stronger emotional responses to terror impossibly more exposed to potential threats - are also more likely to experience a conservative shift.
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| 50. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Home Sweet Home? Macroeconomic Conditions in Home Countries and the Well-Being of Migrants
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper examines whether the subjective well-being of migrants is responsive to fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions in their country of origin. Using the German Socio- Economic Panel for the years 1984 to 2009 and macroeconomic variables for 24 countries of origin, we exploit country-year variation for identi cation of the effect and panel data to control for migrants observed and unobserved characteristics. We find strong (mild) evidence that migrants' well-being responds negatively (positively) to an increase in the GDP (un- employment rate) of their home country. That is, we originally demonstrate that migrants regard home countries as natural comparators and, thereby, suggest an original assessment of the migration s relative deprivation motive. We also show that migrants are positively affected by the performances of the German regions in which they live (a signal effect ). We demonstrate that both effects decline with years-since-migration and with the degree of assimilation in Germany, which is consistent with a switch of migrants reference point from home countries to migration destinations. Results are robust to the inclusion of country-time trends, to control for remittances sent to relatives in home countries and to a correction for selection into return migration. We derive important implications for labor market and migration policies.
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