| 711. |
- Stennek, Johan, 1961
(författare)
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Why Unions Reduce Wage Inequality, II: The Relation between Solidarity and Unity
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper demonstrates that the decisions by workers of different skills to unite to form industry unions is closely linked to the egalitarian wage policies that such unions pursue. These results help interpret the stylized facts about unions: that they not only increase wages but also reduce wage inequality. I also demonstrate that political caps on collectively negotiated minimum wages may reduce the wages of all blue-collar workers (cf. “internal devaluation”), but that they may also cause unions to disintegrate in the long run.
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| 712. |
- Storrie, Donald W, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Temporary work agencies and equilibrium unemployment
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A striking feature of OECD labor markets in the 1990s has been the very rapid increase of temporary agency work. We augment the equilibrium unemployment model as developed by Pissarides and Mortensen with temporary work agencies in order to focus on their role as matching intermediaries and to examine the aggregate impact on employment. Our model implies that the improvement in the matching e±ciency of agencies led to the emergence and growth of temporary agency work. We also show that temporary agency work does not necessarily crowd-out other jobs.
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| 713. |
- Sulikova, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal fuel taxation with suboptimal health choices
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transport has a large number of signi cant externalities including carbon emissions, air pollution, accidents, and congestion. Active travel such as cycling and walking can reduce these externalities. Moreover, public health research has identi ed additional social gains from active travel due to health bene ts of increased physical exercise. In fact, on a per mile basis, these bene ts dominate the external social costs from car use by two orders of magnitude. We introduce health bene ts and active travel options into an optimal taxation model of transport externalities to study appropriate policy responses. We characterise the optimal second-best fuel tax analytically: when physical exercise is considered welfare-enhancing, the optimal fuel tax increases. Under central parameter assumptions it rises by 49% in the US and 36% in the UK. This is due to the low fuel price elasticity of active travel. We argue that fuel taxes should be implemented jointly with other policies aimed at increasing the uptake of active travel to reap its full health benefits.
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| 714. |
- Sundemo, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Isolating nature from nurture: Does exposure to business and economics education make students more selfinterested?
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Does exposure to business and economics education make students more self-interested and less interested in a career that would contribute to a better society? Using a panel dataset of more than 900 individuals from a European Business School we are able to isolate the role of self-selection from possible education or nurture-effects on prosocial (altruistic) values and attitudes associated with exposure to business and economics education. The school in this study, as well as many other contemporary business schools in this part of the world, have for many years integrated issues of sustainability, responsibility and ethics into their business and economics education. Still, after all these efforts, our results indicate that business and economics students become significantly less prosocial during their program studies, and importantly, we find no such effect among students from other disciplines. Further, we find that prosocial attitudes significantly correlate with prosocial behavior (measured by donation in an incentivized charity dictator game). We also provide evidence for highly heterogeneous effects with regards to majors (accounting, management, finance, economics etc.). Finally, we find notable and significant gender differences that largely persist throughout university education.
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| 715. |
- Sutter, Matthias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Social preferences in childhood and adolescence - A large-scale experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social preferences have been shown to be an important determinant of economic decision making for many adults. We present a large-scale experiment with 883 children and adolescents, aged eight to seventeen years. Participants make decisions in eight simple, one-shot allocation tasks, allowing us to study the distribution of social preference types across age and across gender. Our results show that when children and teenagers grow older, inequality aversion becomes a gradually less prominent motivating force of allocation decisions. At the same time, efficiency concerns increase in importance for boys, and maximin-preferences turn more important in shaping decisions of girls.
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| 716. |
- Sutter, Matthias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic Sophistication of Individuals and Teams in Experimental Normal-Form Games
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present an experiment on strategic thinking and behavior of individuals and teams in oneshot normal-form games. Besides making choices, decision makers have to state their firstand second-order beliefs. We find that teams play the Nash strategy significantly more often, and their choices are more often consistent by being a best reply to first order beliefs. We identify the complexity of a game and the payoffs in equilibrium as determining the likelihood of consistent behavior according to textbook rationality. Using a mixture model, the estimated probability to play strategically is 62% for teams, but only 40% for individuals.
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| 717. |
- Söderbom, Måns, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-product firms, product mix changes and upgrading: Evidence from China's state-owned forest areas
- 2012
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - Göteborg : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 23:4, s. 801-818
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product selection matters for a firm's productivity and long-run growth. Recent theoretical and empirical studies indicate that an important margin of adjustment to policy reforms is the reallocation of output within firms through changes in product mix decisions. This paper examines the frequency, pervasiveness and determinants of product-switching and upgrading activities in firms located in China's state-owned forest areas during a period of gradual institutional and managerial reforms (2004-2008). We find that changes to the product mix are pervasive and characterized by adding or churning products rather than only shedding products. Moreover, changes in firms' product mix have made a significant contribution to the aggregate output growth during our sample period. We also find that firms with different characteristics, human capital and market conditions differ in their propensity to diversify and upgrade product mix. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 718. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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Debt Relief and Adjustment Effort in a Multi-Period Model
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper shows that if the period following the granting of debt relief is taken into account, debt relief increases adjustment effort (investment), irrespective of whether there is an initial debt overhang or not.
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| 719. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971
(författare)
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Disability and Marginal Utility of Income
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many argue that disability generally lowers the marginal utility of income. This paper questions this view. Individuals? marginal utility (measured by a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function) of income are estimated in two states; when being paralyzed and when not being paralyzed. Experimental choices between imagined lotteries, where the outcome includes both income and disability status, are used. This allows for estimation of the ratio of the individual?s marginal utility of income when being paralyzed and when not being paralyzed, the Relative Marginal Utility of Income when Disabled (RMUID). The median RMUID is estimated to between 1.33 and 2. It is extremely (at the 0.005 % level) statistically significant higher than one. Individuals with personal experience of mobility impairment and of university studies, and voters for the Left Block and the Liberal Party, have higher RMUID than others. The results have implications for the optimal level of insurance and for the question of whether we should use distributional weights in cost-benefit analysis.
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| 720. |
- Tengstam, Sven, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Kill your darlings? Do new aid flows help achieve a poverty minimizing allocation of aid
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we derive a poverty-minimizing allocation rule, based on which we assess the poverty-efficiency of actual aid allocations, with a special focus on the comparative impact of new donors and new non-aid flows. The results suggest a substantial misallocation of aid. Our benchmark estimates indicate that donors should reallocate nearly half the total aid budget from aid darlings (countries receiving more aid than the allocation rule specifies) to aid orphans (countries receiving less aid than the allocation rule specifies). The estimated poverty-reducing efficiency varies considerably across donors. Whereas new global actors such as the Gates foundation perform well above average, the non-DAC bilateral donors perform clearly worse. Overall, neither the new donors nor the new financial flows alleviate the observed misallocation of aid. While the new donors stand for a non-negligible share of overall poverty reduction, together they perform below average in terms of poverty reduction per aid dollar. Similarly, rather than counteracting the relative neglect of countries identified as particularly underfunded in terms of aid, the non-aid financial flows add to the inequitable distribution. Based on an extensive battery of alternative model calibrations, we establish upper and lower bounds on our estimates, allowing for clear policy recommendations.
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