| 11. |
- Fihn, Glenn, 1965
(författare)
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Normer och reformer. Den landskommunala och stadskommunala budgetens och redovisningens historia 1862-1968
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the center of this study is the development of norms for the Swedish municipal budget and accounting in its historic context. By historic context, we refer here to the aspects of the course of history, which concern municipal expansion and institutional change. The study aims at describing and explaining how and why reforms were made in the norms for budget and accounting within the municipal sector of cities and rural municipalities during the period 1862-1968. Why and how budget and accounting reforms were made or, more precisely, which factors were behind the development of the norms for municipal budget and accounting, and whether regulation were put in place voluntarily or through state mandates, are the two queistions that are posed in the study. The reforms of the norms for budget and accounting which are studied more closely, are the proposals which were developed by the predecessors of the Swedish Association of Local Authorities, as well as the proposals for municipal financial statistics forms which Statistics Sweden developed until the 1960s. Based on previous research in the area, three hypotheses were formulated concerning how and why norms for the municipal budget and accounting change. The first one contained an assumption that the regulations around municipal finances and the norms for municipal budget and accounting follow the municipal expansion. The second one contained an assumption that the development of the design of the municipal budget and accounting system, occurs in an interaction between the state and the municipal levels. The third one contained an assumption that here was a difference in budget and accounting between the cities and the rural municipalities, but that these differences have been erased as the differences beween town and country disappeared. The study reveals that municipal expansion and institutional change have an impact on the development of norms for budget and accounting. The breakthrough of municipal business operations at the turn of century in 1900 and the periods of increased financing through borrowing and the accompanying attempts by the state to regulate the loan management were particularly important. The study also shows that the state and the municipalities through direct or indirect interaction have futhered the reforms of the norms of municipal budget and accounting. Finally it is shown that the difference between norms of the budget and accounting of cities and rural municipalities was reinforced until the 1940s only to be completely erased in a short period of time.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Patrik, 1967
(författare)
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I skandalers spår. Minskad legitimitet i svensk offentlig sektor
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book deals with the subject of scandals in the Swedish public sector and, therewith, the legitimacy of organisations. Scandals lead to a loss of legitimacy for the organisations involved. As a result of the social reaction that may be provoked by the disclosure of scandalous behaviour, the organisation is compelled to try and restore its legitimacy. Scandals provide an opportunity to generate more knowledge about the process in which the organisation’s legitimacy is reduced and the way in which the legitimacy can be restored. The research question in this book is: What do scandals in the Swedish public sector signify? The first section of the book focuses on what scandals are, what scandal processes look like and what the characteristic features of scandals in the Swedish public sector are as they are narrated by the media. The second section of the book, takes a closer look at the loss of legitimacy brought about by a scandal and what that means for the organisation. In scandals in the Swedish public sector, players in leading positions are linked to some transgression, often of a financial nature. The less expected the transgression is, the stronger the public reaction is and the more the organisation’s legitimacy diminishes. Because the scrutiny is so tough after a scandal, it becomes difficult for the organization to decouple as usual. By observing others and paying attention to external reactions, the organisation adapts itself to the demands of external pressure. Simultaneously, the organisation prepares itself for the possibility of future scandals. When the members of the organisation perceive that those outside the organisation consider it is living up to external expectations it is an indication that its legitimacy has now entered the process of restoration, which helps the organisation perceive it is regaining strength. When the organisational legitimacy is restored, external pressure returns to normal.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Susanne, 1975
(författare)
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Dom under trettio, vem bryr sig och varför? Ungdomars värderingar och politiska deltagande : Those under thirty: who cares and why? Young people's values and political participation
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dom under trettio, vem bryr sig och varför? kastar nytt ljus över en vedertagen bild av ungdomars värderingar och politiska deltagande. Är ungdomar verkligen så annorlunda när det kommer till politiskt deltagande och deltar alla ungdomar på samma sätt? Att ungdomar utmålas som annorlunda kan förklaras av att de inte deltar i samma utsträckning som andra grupper eller av att de deltar på andra sätt. Enligt den vedertagna bilden förmodas ungdomars politiska beteenden på långsikt resultera i negativa konsekvenser för det politiska systemet: ungdomar som inte deltar eller ungdomar som deltar på fel sätt är ett potentiellt problem för demokratin! Boken lyfter fram flera skäl för att den vedertagna bilden av ungdomsgruppen bör ifrågasättas. Ett skäl är ungdomars värderingar. Ungdomar är mer av individualister och därmed väljer de hellre deltagandeformer som går utanför det parlamentariska systemet. Ett annat skäl är att deras ålder och sociala resursstyrka kan förklara hur de deltar. I avhandlingen prövas i vilken utsträckning ungdomsgruppens politiska deltagande kan förstås med utgångspunkt i värderingar, resursstyrka eller ålder. Empiriskt baseras avhandlingen på medborgarundersökningar och främst på en särskild undersökning av 3 000 ungdomar i åldern 15-29 år boende i Västra Götaland.
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Tobias, 1977
(författare)
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Förvaltningens gräns mot marknaden. Om mekanismer bakom och effekter av kommunernas marknadsutnyttjande
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Varför anlitar vissa kommuner externa leverantörer i stor utsträckning medan andra kommuner i väldigt liten utsträckning överlåter produktionen och tillhandahållandet av service och välfärdstjänster på externa leverantörer? Vad utmärker egenregiproduktion och nyttjandet av externa leverantörer och i vilka fall är det ena att föredra framför det andra? Har valet av organiseringssätt någon betydelse för verksamhetens presterande? Dessa frågor är centrala spörsmål som behandlas och undersökts i föreliggande bok.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, David, 1974
(författare)
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En chimär av endräkt. Ideologiska dimensioner i kommunal kulturpolitik. : An Illusion of Consensus. Ideological Dimensions of Cultural Politics in Local Government.
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a common misconception about local government politics that for some reason it is supposed to be less ideological than national or international politics. But if by “ideo¬logical” we mean “based on values” there is no way that any act or field of politics could be deemed less ideological than another. When we decide to act or not, and when we choose between alternative actions, we always consider the options and pick what we conceive of as the best choice for the moment. Volition and the eval¬uation of alternatives are part of every rational (and free) action and hence, if we regard politics as action, or at least plans for action, all politics is based on values. The general aim of this study is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the problems of local democracy: both by emphasising the importance of ideo¬logical conscious¬ness even in local politics; and by trying to provide instruments that help to make actually existing ideological dimensions visible and easier to understand. Another aim of this study is therefore to say something about the connection between the democratic institutions in a representative democracy and the ideological beliefs of its representatives. The study focuses on cultural politics in Swedish local government, with the prime motive for choosing this focus being that this policy area could be seen as somewhat of a symbol of the consensus spirit that traditionally has characterized local government in this country. A survey was sent out in the year 2000 to all the members of local committees responsible for culture in Sweden (close to 2,700 people). The results from this survey comprise the main data source for this study. After having examined the ideological beliefs of these politicians, the conclusion of the study is that they are far less unanimous than they believe themselves to be. The party system, however, fails to reflect many of the key ideological dimensions that are essential in this policy area. How the municipalities choose to organize their committees is also important, while politicians in specialised committees for cultural affairs tend to be more protective about their sector; a result partly due to the fact that specialised committees attract certain groups of representatives who are more interested in cultural issues. In fact, social identity and personal experience from the field of responsibility are often more important in explaining which politicians have which ideological beliefs than party membership.
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| 18. |
- Kastberg Weichselberger, Gustaf, 1976
(författare)
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Kundvalsmodeller. Kundvalsmodeller. En studie av marknadsskapare och skapade marknader i kommuner och landsting
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation voucher systems are studied. Client choice models have over the past decade been introduced as parts of municipal operations. One important observation, and point of departure, is that client-choice models are based on a public organization that designs a market and that this organization remains a market designer even after the market is established. The purpose of this study is to understand how the market designer manages the market solution. Therefore, the overall guiding question is how may the market designer's actions be interpreted? What do the market designers do and why do they do it? The dissertation is founded on theories from sociology, focusing particularly on system theory and actor-network theory. Case studies are the empirical data in this study and interviews are the main sources of information. A total of 56 interviews were made. The first case study is a voucher system that was introduced within pre-school and school in the town of Staffanstorp. The second case study is a client-choice model within the at-home assistance for elderly in the town of Nacka and the third case is a voucher system that was introduced within the maternity care division of the general health care system in Göteborg, Västra Götalandsregionen. A model is introduced which explains why the market designers have pursued certain courses of action and why they have cared for these markets to different extents and with different focus. Two concepts constitute the core of the explanatory model: reflexivity and attention. One important contributionof this study concerns the changing nature of the market designer. The market designers' characteristics vary depending on whether the driving force in the process are civil servants or politicians and whether the issue is politically contentious or viewed as non-political. The conclusions also show how important it is that the role of the market designer is highlighted and understood. In particular, this is true with regard to the importance of the role of the market designer in creating conditions for a situation characterized by a wide range of choices, comptetition and high quality services. The results of the study also indicate that the perspective has contributed to develop he knowledge about the relationship between the different market models' positions and the political system.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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