| 101. |
- Rahm, Lina, 1973-
(författare)
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Educational imaginaries : a genealogy of the digital citizen
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis makes use of a genealogical approach to map out and explainhow and why computers and citizenship have become so closely connected.It examines the historical continuities and disruptions, and the role thatpopular education has played in this interrelation. Drawing on previousresearch in the overlap between Swedish popular education history andhistorical computer politics, this thesis adds knowledge about howimaginaries of popular education, operating as silver bullet solutions toproblems with computerization, have had important functions as governingtools for at least 70 years. That is, Swedish popular education has since the1950s been imagined as a central solution to problems with computerization,but also to realize the societal potentials associated with computers.Specifically, this thesis makes two contributions: 1) Empirically, the thesisunearths archived, and in many ways forgotten, discourses around thehistorical enactment of the digital citizen, and the role of popular education,questioning assumptions that are taken for granted in current times; 2)Theoretically, the thesis proposes a conceptual model of educationalimaginaries, and specifically introduces the notion (and method) of‘problematizations’ into these imaginaries.
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| 102. |
- Riesbeck, Eva, 1947-
(författare)
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På tal om matematik : matematiken, vardagen och den matematikdidaktiska diskursen
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyze how discourse as a theoretical and didactical concept can help in advancing knowledge about the teaching of mathematics in school. The dissertation has been written within a socio-cultural perspective where active participation and support from artefacts and mediation are viewed as important contributions to the development of understanding. Discourse analysis was used as a theoretical point of departure to grasp language use, knowledge construction and mathematical content in the teaching practises. The collection of empirical data was made up of video and audio tape recordings of the interaction of teachers and pupils in mathematics classrooms when they deal with problem-solving tasks, as well as discussions between student teachers as they engage in planning a teaching situation in mathematics. Discourse analysis was used as a tool to shed light upon how pupils learn and develop understanding of mathematics.The results of my studies demonstrate that discussions very often are located in either a mathematical or in an every-day discourse. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how change between every-day and mathematical language often takes place unknowingly. Also the results underline that a specific and precise dialogue can contribute towards teachers’ and pupils’ conscious participation in the learning process. Translated into common vocabulary such as speak, think, write, listen and read teachers and pupils would be able to interact over concepts, signs, words, symbols, situations and phenomena in every-day discourse and its mathematical counterpart. When teachers and pupils become aware of discursive boundary crossing in mathematics an understanding of mathematical phenomena can start to develop. Teachers and pupils can construct a meta-language leading to new knowledge and new learning in mathematics.
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| 103. |
- Rusanganwa, Joseph
(författare)
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Enhancing Physics Learning through Instruction, Technical Vocabulary and ICT : A Case of Higher Education in Rwanda
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overarching aim of this thesis is to explore how teaching and learning in tertiary education is performed in times of change both in language policy and learning approaches. The study takes social constructivist and socio-cultural theories as its major points of departure. These theories are combined with cognitive theory of learning with multimedia.The four studies comprising this thesis are born out of a new situation demanding the mastery of a scientific language in English and new ways of teaching and learning backed with ICT. The studies set out to investigate (i) how students and teachers adapt to a change of medium of instruction (ii) what teachers and students of physics learn when constructing a multimedia vocabulary learning instrument (iii) the impact of two methods of teaching vocabulary on students’ test performance and (iv) how teachers reflect on the use of ICT in Physics teaching.To attain these targets, the study employed a blend of qualitative and quantitative designs to gather relevant data. In three studies, data were gathered from classroom practices in tertiary education. The fourth study included teacher interviews on their experiences with ICT. Findings indicate that the understanding of physics was facilitated by a variation in language use in different classroom spaces, students and teachers’ collaborative selection of technical vocabulary and a multimedia tool of technical vocabulary software constructed by two teachers and the researcher. According to the teachers, the quality of physics teaching would be enhanced further by adopting learner-centred teaching methods and the integration of more advanced ICT. The studies show that teachers and students are on their way to develop ICT tools for teaching and learning. Given adequate support, this can pave the way for transforming teaching and allowing for further quality development in innovative and creative ways of learning with ICT.
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| 104. |
- Ruterana, Pierre Canisius
(författare)
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The Making of a Reading Society : Developing a Culture of Reading in Rwanda
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Following a growing concern among education stakeholders about the lack of a reading culture and low literacy levels among Rwandans in general and university students in particular, the aim of this thesis is to increase the awareness of Rwandans about the development of a reading culture and early literacy. To achieve this aim, four studies with participants representing different experiences related to reading culture were performed. These qualitative studies draw on different perspectives on the development of a reading culture and emergent literacy by using open-ended questionnaires and interviews. The thesis takes sociocultural and emergent literacy theories as points of departure.The first study investigates students’ reflections on their previous reading experiences, and discuss ways to develop literacy and a reading culture in Rwanda. The next one sheds light on parents’ involvement in literacy practices at home and the third study concerns what literacy knowledge teachers expect from their pupils when they start nursery and lower primary school. An example of a literacy event (storytelling) is given in the fourth study where children’s narratives of fairy tales are followed by their discussions on gender issues, which in turn can develop the children’s interest in reading. This can also help them relate texts to their life and teach them to think critically.In sum, the studies show that there is a limited reading culture in Rwanda. That is attributed to the colonial and post-colonial education system, reliance on verbal communication, limited access to reading materials, and ultimately the low status of the mother tongue Kinyarwanda within the sociolinguistic configuration of Rwanda. Also, the participating students and teachers point out the necessity of involving parents more in the creation of an environment that nurtures children’s emergent literacy development so that it becomes a shared responsibility translated into a teacherparent partnership for children’s success at school. Hence, the findings inform the use of this thesis which is to promote literacy and a reading culture in Rwanda by engaging the whole nation in a national effort to build a sustainable culture of reading. To paraphrase the old African saying ‘it takes a village to raise a child’, I want to conclude by saying that it takes a nation to develop a culture of reading.
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| 105. |
- Rydén Gramner, Anja, 1982-
(författare)
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Cold Heart, Warm Heart : On fiction, interaction, and emotion in medical education
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fiction is used for educational purposes in various fields such as engineering, law and higher education. In medical education, the theories of medical humanities and narrative medicine propose that engaging with fictional works can provide opportunities for medical students and physicians to develop central professional skills such as emotional awareness and empathy, which can help mitigate the documented empathy decline which occurs during medical training. Despite extensive research about fiction inclusion in medical education, there is very limited research on the in-situ processes of fiction use, and how emotional aspects of the medical profession can be conceptualised in fiction discussions. This thesis investigates the intersection of fiction, interaction and emotion in medical education. The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge on the ways emotion can be constructed in medical education as affective stances and as professional emotions that medical students need to learn how to manage. Discursive psychology (DP) forms the theoretical and methodological framework to analyse 58 hours of video- and audio-recorded fiction seminars from two Swedish medical schools. Emotion from a DP perspective is understood not as a reflection of an inner experience, but as an interactionally achieved phenomenon, deployed in the formation of social action. Results show that reflection and reflective practices are imbedded in fiction seminars, and that affective stances are constructed as a student resource to manage intensity, control, assessment and accountability. Furthermore, the professional emotions of physicians are constructed as emotional labour which students need to prepare for, and the feeling rules of the medical profession are constructed as calibrations of emotions which are both fluid and changeable. The task of learning professional emotion is oriented to as troublesome by students as it might interfere with their focus on managing student identities.
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| 106. |
- Samuelsson, Marcus, 1967-
(författare)
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Störande elever korrigerande lärare : Om regler, förväntningar och lärares åtgärder mot störande flickor och pojkar i klassrummet
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate rules and teachers´ expectations that are described by teachers and documents, what sort of pupils´ disorder that teachers put their attention to, in what way teachers´ are correcting pupils´ misbehaviours as well as how female and male teachers are correcting boys and girls. The study is based on a so called Yo-yo fieldwork in three schools. Three grade seven classes were followed during three periods of the first eight months of the school year 2003-2004. In sum 49 teachers and 74 pupils were observed. The analysis was accomplished by means of procedures influenced by Grounded Theory. According to the results, teachers during start of the semester explain what sort of pupil behaviour they are expecting and not expecting. Teachers and school leaders also describes rules that are to be followed at each one of the schools. The analysis of misbehaviours of pupils that teachers paid attention to could be divided into four categories: disturbing ways of handling oneself, misuse of school materials, odd traits or peculiarities and lack of order in the classroom. The analysis also showed that the teachers were most disturbed by pupils talking out of turn. Teachers’ attention to pupils’ misbehaviours came out as a result of pupils spending time on their own projects during lessons. The analysis of the corrections that the 49 teachers used towards misbehaviours that they paid attention to showed that the most common strategy was appeals to behave better. It was also showed that teachers’ corrections could be divided into two categories: non-verbal signals and verbal measures. Teachers’ corrections were meant to direct the pupils back to work, make the pupils follow collegial agreements and make the pupils show respect for their teacher. According to whether or not pupils´ as well as teachers´ sex mattered I found that both female and male teachers found boys as most disturbing and therefore boys were corrected most often. The results are finally discussed in relation to other research and according to the social psychological, the praxis and the teacher perspective that were used in the study.
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| 107. |
- Sandberg, Fredrik
(författare)
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Recognition of Prior Learning in Health Care : From a Caring Ideology and Power, to Communicative Action and Recognition
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) has become a more frequently used method to recognise adult’s prior learning. This thesis analyses a process of RPL in health care, where health care assistants are assessed against subjects in the upper-secondary health care program. Prior research on RPL is to a high degree non-theoretical and focus is primarily on policy level research. This thesis adds to the field by progressing a critical social theory perspective on RPL. In the thesis the RPL process is analysed through Jürgen Habermas’ theory of communicative action and Axel Honneth’s Recognition theory. General questions posed are: What are the power issues in the RPL process? What implications does the tension between the lifeworld of work and the system of education have? What consequences does mutual understanding and communication have for the outcome of the RPL process? What part does recognition play for the participants? The results disclose the power relations that emerge in the relationship between participants and teachers. A caring ideology is developed and problematized. Further, the importance of mutual understanding between participant and teachers in the assessment of prior learning is discussed focusing on the consequences a lack of mutual understanding could have for the outcome in such assessments. On a macro level the analysis demonstrates the tension between the participants prior learning and the educational systems demand for formalising prior learning. In addition, analyses of a more developmental character that intends to show the potential for critical learning, change and recognition are progressed.The results suggest that communicative action can be used to develop RPL into processes focusing on critical learning and change. Recognition of traits and abilities could also enhance individual’s positive relations with the self. Such recognition could develop self-confidence and thus RPL could encourage learning and cultivate continuing self-realisation through work.
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| 108. |
- Sandlund, Monica, 1955-
(författare)
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Lärare med utländsk bakgrund : Sju yrkeslivsberättelser om möten med nya skolsammanhang
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studiens övergripande syfte är att öka kunskapen om lärare med utländsk bakgrund och deras möte med den svenska skolan genom deras berättelser. Studien har sin grund i ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv med förståelsen att mening skapas i interaktion med andra. Berättandet ses här som en handling och en dominerande uttrycksform för identitetsskapande. I avhandlingen lyfts sju lärare fram genom deras yrkeslivsberättelser om den svenska mångkulturella skolan. Studien är en longitudinell undersökning och empirin består av fjorton livsberättelseintervjuer som gjorts i två omgångar med ett till fyra års mellanrum. Med hjälp av livsberättelseansatsen som teoretisk och metodologisk utgångspunkt analyseras följande frågeställningar: Vilka yrkesethos framträder i lärarnas berättelser om möten och relationer i den svenska skolan? Vilka positioner intar och tillskrivs lärarna i sina berättelser? Hur gestaltas legitimitet i lärarnas berättelser? Resultatet diskuteras i relation till teorier och diskurser om skola, lärarprofession, mångkulturella/interkulturella intentioner samt sociala strukturer. Studien visar att lärarna gör identitetsframträdanden i sina berättelser gällande legitimitet. Detta sker genom konstruktion, dekonstruktion och rekonstruktion av yrkesethos. I avhandlingen framkommer indikationer på att det i skolan förutsätts att det är de utländska lärarna som ska anpassa sig efter rådande normer och att toleransen för alternativa förhållningssätt är begränsade. Lärarna positionerar sig i berättelserna genom att både acceptera och göra motstånd mot kraven på konformitet.
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| 109. |
- Sarkohi, Ali
(författare)
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Future Thinking and Depression
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to imagine negative or positive future events is associated with psychological well-being. The present thesis deals with depressed individual’s ability to imagine negative or positive future events. It consists of three quantitative studies (I-III) and one qualitative study (IV).Participants in studies I-III were assessed in connection with a randomized controlled trial of two ways to deliver Internet-based treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Their ages ranged between 19-65 years. In addition to receiving treatment participants completed the Controlled Word Association Test; the Autobiographical Memory test (AMT) and the Future Thinking Task (FTT). Participants in study IV were recruited from a psychiatric clinic in Sweden. The sample sizes varied between study I (N=40), II (N=88), III (N=47) and IV (N=15).The aim of the first study was to compare positive and negative future thinking in a group of depressed individuals (n=20) who were compared with a matched group of non-depressed persons (n=20). The results showed that depressed persons report lower scores regarding anticipated future positive events, but that they do not differ in terms of future negative events. The aim of the second study was to examine the association between FTT and AMT in a depressed sample. The results showed that positive future thinking was significantly correlated with retrieval of specific positive autobiographical memories (r = 0.23). The results only gave weak support for an association between FTT and AMT. The aim of the third study was to investigate if scores on the FTT would change following two forms of Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for major depression (guided self-help and e-mail therapy). A second aim was to study if changes in depression scores as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory would correlate with changes in future thinking. The results showed that FTT index scores for negative events were reduced after treatment. There was no increase for the positive events. Change scores for the FTT negative events and depression symptoms were significantly correlated. The aim of the fourth study was to investigate representations of the future in depressed individuals by using open-ended methodology inspired by grounded theory. The results showed that depressed individuals experienced a state of “ambivalence”. Ambivalence and its negative emotional and cognitive effects were substantially reduced in strength when participants were asked about their distant future.The conclusions drawn from these studies are that depressed persons report lower scores regarding anticipated future positive events (Study I). There is some support for a positive association between FTT and AMT, but the association is weak and only concern positive FTT and positive AMT (Study II). Negative future thinking may be reduced after Internet-delivered treatment, and changes in depressive symptoms correlate to some extent with reductions in negative future thinking (Study III). The concept of ambivalence may be an important feature of depression which deserves more attention from both a theoretical and clinical perspective (Study VI).
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| 110. |
- Silfvernagel, Kristin
(författare)
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Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents, young adults and older adults with anxiety
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anxiety disorders share the feature of excessive fear, anxiety and related behavioural disturbances. Fear is defined as the emotional response to a real or a perceived imminent threat and anxiety is the anticipation of a future threat. The anxiety disorders covered in this thesis are panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified.Cognitive behavioural treatment protocols are typically designed to target one specific disorder and falls under the definition of disorder-specific cognitive behavioural therapy. It is however unclear if this is the most optimal approach in regards to the high comorbidity between anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy has in the past generally been disorder-specific and from above mentioned predicament two alternative treatment approaches emerged, the tailored and the transdiagnostic approach that aims to simultaneously treat both principal and comorbid disorders. Previous trials on internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy have targeted adults in general and relatively few target adolescents, young adults and older adults.The aims of this thesis were to further develop and test the effects of tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy on the basis of age, for adolescents, young adults and older adults. Specifically by developing and testing the effects of individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms and by adapting and testing the effects of individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for young adults and older adults with anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms. These aims were tested in two pilot effectiveness studies (Paper I and III) and two efficacy randomised controlled trials (Paper II and IV). The results from these four trials showed significant results across all outcome measures with overall moderate to large effect sizes. The tentative conclusion based on these results is that tailoring internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy can be a feasible approach in the treatment of anxiety symptoms and comorbid depressive symptoms for adolescents, young adults and older adults. Despite the positive findings of the studies in this thesis, there is a need for more research examining the acceptability and effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents, young adults and older adults with anxiety and depression before implementation on a larger scale.
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