| 21. |
- Caneiro, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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How does change unfold? an evaluation of the process of change in four people with chronic low back pain and high pain-related fear managed with Cognitive Functional Therapy : A replicated single-case experimental design study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 117, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To understand the process of change at an individual level, this study used a single-case experimental design to evaluate how change in potential mediators related to change in disability over time, during an exposure-based behavioural intervention in four people with chronic low back pain and high pain-related fear. A second aim was to evaluate whether the change (sequential or simultaneous) in mediators and disability occurred at the same timepoint for all individuals.RESULTS: For all participants, visual and statistical analyses indicated that changes in disability and proposed mediators were clearly related to the commencement of Cognitive Functional Therapy. This was supported by standard outcome assessments at pre-post timepoints. Cross-lag correlation analysis determined that, for all participants, most of the proposed mediators (pain intensity, pain controllability, and fear) were most strongly associated with disability at lag zero, suggesting that mediators changed concomitantly and not before disability. Importantly, these changes occurred at different rates and patterns for different individuals, highlighting the individual temporal variability of change.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the interplay of factors associated with treatment response, highlighting 'how change unfolded' uniquely for each individual. The findings that factors underpinning treatment response and the outcome changed simultaneously, challenge the traditional understanding of therapeutic change.
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| 22. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 49:1, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on Internet-based treatment with minimal to moderate therapist guidance have shown promising results for a number of specific diagnoses. The aim of this study was to test a new approach to Internet treatment that involves tailoring the treatment according to the patients unique characteristics and comorbidities. A total of 54 participants, regardless of specific anxiety diagnosis, were included after an in-person, semi-structured diagnostic interview and randomized to a 10 week treatment program or to a control group. Treatment consisted of a number of individually-prescribed modules in conjunction with online therapist guidance. Significant results were found for all dependent measures both immediately following treatment and at 1 and 2 year intervals. Mean between-group effect size including measures of anxiety, depression and quality of life was Cohens d = 0.69 at post-treatment, while the mean within-group effect size was d = 1.15 at post-treatment and d = 1.13 and d = 1.04 at 1 and 2 year follow-up respectively. The tentative conclusion drawn from these results is that tailoring the Internet-based therapy can be a feasible approach in the treatment of anxiety in a homogeneous population.
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| 23. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for social phobia : a 30-month follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 47:10, s. 848-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-delivered guided cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder has been found to generate promising short-term results, up to one year posttreatment. No study has however documented longer follow-up periods. In this 30-month follow-up we contacted 57 participants from the original study of which 77.2% (44/57) responded to the Internet-administered outcome measures and 66.7% (38/57) completed a telephone interview. Results showed large pretreatment to follow-up within-group effect sizes for the primary outcome measures (Cohen's d 1.10-1.71), and a majority (68.4%; 26/38) reported improvements in the interview. The findings suggest that the long-term effects seen in previous live treatment CBT trials can occur in Internet-delivered treatment as well.
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| 24. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Panic Disorder : Live Therapy vs. Self-Help via Internet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 43:10, s. 1321-1333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized trial was conducted comparing 10 individual weekly sessions of cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia with a 10-module self-help program on the Internet. After confirming the PD diagnosis with an in-person structured clinical interview (SCID) 49 participants were randomized. Overall, the results suggest that Internet-administered self-help plus minimal therapist contact via e-mail can be equally effective as traditional individual cognitive behaviour therapy. Composite within-group effect sizes were high in both groups, while the between-group effect size was small (Cohen's d=16). One-year follow-up confirmed the results, with a within-group effect size of Cohen's d=0.80 for the Internet group and d=0.93 for the live group. The results from this study generally provide evidence to support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed self-help programs.
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| 25. |
- Clark, Ian A., et al.
(författare)
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First steps in using machine learning on fMRI data to predict intrusive memories of traumatic film footage
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 62, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After psychological trauma, why do some only some parts of the traumatic event return as intrusive memories while others do not? Intrusive memories are key to cognitive behavioural treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, and an aetiological understanding is warranted. We present here analyses using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and a machine learning classifier to investigate whether peri-traumatic brain activation was able to predict later intrusive memories (i.e. before they had happened). To provide a methodological basis for understanding the context of the current results, we first show how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an experimental analogue of trauma (a trauma film) via a prospective event-related design was able to capture an individual's later intrusive memories. Results showed widespread increases in brain activation at encoding when viewing a scene in the scanner that would later return as an intrusive memory in the real world. These fMRI results were replicated in a second study. While traditional mass univariate regression analysis highlighted an association between brain processing and symptomatology, this is not the same as prediction. Using MVPA and a machine learning classifier, it was possible to predict later intrusive memories across participants with 68% accuracy, and within a participant with 97% accuracy; i.e. the classifier could identify out of multiple scenes those that would later return as an intrusive memory. We also report here brain networks key in intrusive memory prediction. MVPA opens the possibility of decoding brain activity to reconstruct idiosyncratic cognitive events with relevance to understanding and predicting mental health symptoms. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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| 26. |
- Dahlin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder : A randomized controlled trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 77, s. 86-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disabling condition which can be treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). The present study tested the effects of therapist-guided internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy on symptoms of GAD and quality of life. An audio CD with acceptance and mindfulness exercises and a separate workbook were also included in the treatment. Participants diagnosed with GAD (N = 103) were randomly allocated to immediate therapist-guided internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy or to a waiting-list control condition. A six month follow-up was also included. Results using hierarchical linear modelling showed moderate to large effects on symptoms of GAD (Cohen's d = 0.70 to 0.98), moderate effects on depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.51 to 0.56), and no effect on quality of life. Follow-up data showed maintained effects. While there was a 20% dropout rate, sensitivity analyses showed that dropouts did not differ in their degree of change during treatment. To conclude, our study suggests that internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy can be effective in reducing the symptoms of GAD.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Enebrink, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based parent management training : A randomized controlled study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 50:4, s. 240-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The current study evaluated the efficacy of an Internet-based parent-training program for children with conduct problems. Dose-response ratio and costs for the program were also considered. Method: Parents of 104 children (aged 3-12 years) were randomly allocated to either parent training or a waitlist control condition. Diagnostic assessment was conducted at baseline and parent ratings of child externalizing behaviors and parent strategies were completed before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: At post-treatment assessment, children whose parent(s) had received the intervention showed a greater reduction in conduct problems compared to the waitlist children. Between group intent-to-treat effect sizes (Cohen's d) on the Eyberg Intensity and Problem scales were .42 and .72, respectively (study completers .66 and 1.08). In addition, parents in the intervention group reported less use of harsh and inconsistent discipline after the treatment, as well as more positive praise. Effects on behavior problems were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: The results support the efficacy of parent training, administered through Internet, with outcomes comparable to many of the group-based parent training programs. The efficacy, low cost, and higher accessibility make this intervention a fitting part in a stepped-care model.
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| 30. |
- Espinosa, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Pavlovian threat conditioning can generate intrusive memories that persist over time
- 2022
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although Pavlovian threat conditioning has proven to be a useful translational model for the development of anxiety disorders, it remains unknown if this procedure can generate intrusive memories - a symptom of many anxiety-related disorders, and whether intrusions persist over time. Social support has been related to better adjustment after trauma however, experimental evidence regarding its effect on the development of anxietyrelated symptoms is sparse. We had two aims: to test whether threat conditioning generates intrusive memories, and whether different social support interactions impacted expression of emotional memories. Non-clinical participants (n = 81) underwent threat conditioning to neutral stimuli. Participants were then assigned to a supportive, unsupportive, or no social interaction group, and asked to report intrusive memories for seven days. As predicted, threat conditioning can generate intrusions, with greater number of intrusions of CS+ (M = 2.35, SD = 3.09) than CS- (M = 1.39, SD = 2.17). Contrary to predictions, compared to no social interaction, supportive social interaction did not reduce, and unsupportive interaction did not increase skin conductance of learned threat or number of intrusions. Unsupportive interaction resulted in a relative difference in number of intrusions to CS + vs CS-, suggesting that unsupportive interaction might have increased image-based threat memories. Intrusions were still measurable one year after conditioning (one-year follow-up; n = 54), when individuals with higher trait anxiety and greater number of previous trauma experiences reported more intrusions. Our findings show that threat conditioning can create long-lasting intrusions, offering a novel experimental psychopathology model of intrusive memories with implications for both research on learning and clinical applications.
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