| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Møller, H, et al.
(författare)
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Completeness of case ascertainment and survival time error in English cancer registries : impact on 1-year survival estimates
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 105:1, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that cancer registries in England are too dependent on processing of information from death certificates, and consequently that cancer survival statistics reported for England are systematically biased and too low. METHODS: We have linked routine cancer registration records for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer patients with information from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database for the period 2001-2007. Based on record linkage with the HES database, records missing in the cancer register were identified, and dates of diagnosis were revised. The effects of those revisions on the estimated survival time and proportion of patients surviving for 1 year or more were studied. Cases that were absent in the cancer register and present in the HES data with a relevant diagnosis code and a relevant surgery code were used to estimate (a) the completeness of the cancer register. Differences in survival times calculated from the two data sources were used to estimate (b) the possible extent of error in the recorded survival time in the cancer register. Finally, we combined (a) and (b) to estimate (c) the resulting differences in 1-year cumulative survival estimates. RESULTS: Completeness of case ascertainment in English cancer registries is high, around 98-99%. Using HES data added 1.9%, 0.4% and 2.0% to the number of colorectal, lung, and breast cancer registrations, respectively. Around 5-6% of rapidly fatal cancer registrations had survival time extended by more than a month, and almost 3% of rapidly fatal breast cancer records were extended by more than a year. The resulting impact on estimates of 1-year survival was small, amounting to 1.0, 0.8, and 0.4 percentage points for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer, respectively. INTERPRETATION: English cancer registration data cannot be dismissed as unfit for the purpose of cancer survival analysis. However, investigators should retain a critical attitude to data quality and sources of error in international cancer survival studies.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Osorio, A., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the XRCC1 gene as a phenotypic modifier in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 104:8, s. 1356-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers for carriers of mutations in the high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The base excision repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this study, we have evaluated the XRCC1 gene that participates in the BER pathway, as phenotypic modifier of BRCA1 and BRCA2. METHODS: Three common SNPs in the gene, c.-77C>T (rs3213245) p.Arg280His (rs25489) and p.Gln399Arg (rs25487) were analysed in a series of 701 BRCA1 and 576 BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS: An association was observed between p.Arg280His-rs25489 and breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers, with rare homozygotes at increased risk relative to common homozygotes (hazard ratio: 22.3, 95% confidence interval: 14.3-34, P<0.001). This association was further tested in a second series of 4480 BRCA1 and 3016 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION: No evidence of association was found when the larger series was analysed which lead us to conclude that none of the three SNPs are significant modifiers of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1356-1361. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.91 www.bjcancer.com Published online 22 March 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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| 25. |
- Rosell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Time dependent effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on cerebrovascular disease : results from a randomised trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:6, s. 899-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. There is, however, little information on the effect in the post-treatment period. Using data from the Swedish Breast Cancer Group adjuvant trial of 5 vs 2 years of tamoxifen treatment, we now report both short-term and long-term effects on morbidity as well as mortality because of cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: Data from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry combined with information from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry was used to define events of disease. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS: Comparing patients randomised to 5 years of tamoxifen with patients randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases was increased (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.05-2.75) during the active treatment phase and reduced after the active treatment period (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.96), and the difference in HR between the two time-periods was significant (P 0.0033). The mortality from cerebrovascular diseases was increased during the treatment period (HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.03-9.87) and decreased during the post-treatment period (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.90) with a significant difference in HR between the two periods of follow-up (P=0.0066). Similar results were seen for subgroups of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSION: In an adjuvant setting, tamoxifen was associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease during treatment, but a decreased risk in the post-treatment period.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Tsilidis, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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Oral contraceptive use and reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 105:9, s. 1436-1442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is well established that parity and use of oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the associations with other reproductive variables are less clear. METHODS: We examined the associations of oral contraceptive use and reproductive factors with ovarian cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Among 327 396 eligible women, 878 developed ovarian cancer over an average of 9 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models stratified by centre and age, and adjusted for smoking status, body mass index, unilateral ovariectomy, simple hysterectomy, menopausal hormone therapy, and mutually adjusted for age at menarche, age at menopause, number of full-term pregnancies and duration of oral contraceptive use. RESULTS: Women who used oral contraceptives for 10 or more years had a significant 45% (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.75) lower risk compared with users of 1 year or less (P-trend, <0.01). Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had a 29% (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87) lower risk, with an 8% reduction in risk for each additional pregnancy. A high age at menopause was associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer (>52 vs <= 45 years: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99; P-trend, 0.02). Age at menarche, age at first full-term pregnancy, incomplete pregnancies and breastfeeding were not associated with risk. CONCLUSION: This study shows a strong protective association of oral contraceptives and parity with ovarian cancer risk, a higher risk with a late age at menopause, and no association with other reproductive factors. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 1436-1442. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.371 www.bjcancer.com Published online 13 September 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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| 28. |
- Wallin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Red and processed meat consumption and risk of ovarian cancer : a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:7, s. 1196-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: During the last decade, the epidemiological evidence on consumption of meat and risk of ovarian cancer has accumulated. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between red and processed meat consumption and risk of ovarian cancer with a dose-response meta-analysis. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases through 21 January 2011, and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risk (RR) estimates were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eight cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for an intake increment of 100 g per week was 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.04) for red meat and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98-1.14) for processed meat. For an intake increment of four servings per week, the summary RR of ovarian cancer was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97-1.19) for red meat (100 g per serving) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97-1.17) for processed meat (30 g per serving). CONCLUSION: Results from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that red and processed meat consumption is not associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Although a lower consumption of red and processed meat may offer protection against other types of cancer, other interventions are needed to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1196-1201. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.49 www.bjcancer.com Published online 22 February 2011 (c) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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| 29. |
- Wallin, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Growth differentiation factor 15 : a prognostic marker for recurrence in colorectal cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:10, s. 1619-1627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and has been associated with activation of the p53 pathway in human cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of GDF15 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays were used to analyse GDF15 protein expression in 320 patients with CRC. In a subgroup of 60 patients, the level of GDF15 protein in plasma was also measured using a solid-phase proximity ligation assay. RESULTS: Patients with CRC with moderate to high intensity of GDF15 immunostaining had a higher recurrence rate compared with patients with no or low intensity in all stages (stages I-III) (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.16-13.15) and in stage III (HR, 10.32; 95% CI, 1.15-92.51). Patients with high plasma levels of GDF15 had statistically shorter time to recurrence (P = 0.041) and reduced overall survival (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Growth differentiation factor 15 serves as a negative prognostic marker in CRC. High expression of GDF15 in tumour tissue and high plasma levels correlate with an increased risk of recurrence and reduced overall survival.
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| 30. |
- Wikström, Ingrid, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-sampling and HPV testing or ordinary Pap-smear in women not regularly attending screening : a randomised study
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 105:3, s. 337-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most women with cervical cancer have not participated in Pap-smear screening. Self-sampling of vaginal fluid in combination with high-risk HPV testing may be a method to increase the attendance rate. METHODS: A total of 4060 women, 39-60 years old, who had not attended the organised Pap-smear screening for 6 years or more were randomised into two equal groups. A study group was offered to self-sample vaginal fluid (Qvintip) at home and/or recommended to attend the Pap-smear screening. The collected fluid after self-sampling was examined for the presence of high-risk HPV (Hybrid Capture 2 method). Controls were only recommended to attend the Pap-smear screening. The end point was a histological identification of CIN2-3. RESULTS: The participation rate was 39% (771 out of 2000) in the self-sampling group and 9% (188 out of 2060) in the conventional cytology (P < 0.001). The number of histological CIN2-3 alterations detected was 0.4% (8 out of 2000) among women offered self-sampling of vaginal fluid and 0.07% (3 out of 4060) in women offered Pap-smears. The odds ratio (OR) for offering self-sampling and HPV testing instead of Pap-smear screening for detection of CIN2-3 was OR 5.42 (95% CI: 1.30-31.8). CONCLUSION: Offering self-sampling of vaginal fluid followed by a high-risk HPV test was considerably more effective for detection of histological CIN2-3 lesions in comparison with offering Pap-test in a midwife reception in women not regularly attending organised screening.
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