| 51. |
- Wang, S. N., et al.
(författare)
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Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalizations for Cardiovascular Diseases in Shanghai, China Trends and Projections
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0025-7974. ; 94:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies in China have focused on direct expenditures for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making cost trends for CVDs uncertain. Epidemic modeling and forecasting may be essential for health workers and policy makers to reduce the cost burden of CVDs. To develop a time series model using Box-Jenkins methodology for a 15-year forecasting of CVD hospitalization costs in Shanghai. Daily visits and medical expenditures for CVD hospitalizations between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 were analyzed. Data from 2012 were used for further analyses, including yearly total health expenditures and expenditures per visit for each disease, as well as per-visit-per-year medical costs of each service for CVD hospitalizations. Time series analyses were performed to determine the long-time trend of total direct medical expenditures for CVDs and specific expenditures for each disease, which were used to forecast expenditures until December 31, 2030. From 2008 to 2012, there were increased yearly trends for both hospitalizations (from 250,354 to 322,676) and total costs (from US $ 388.52 to 721.58 million per year in 2014 currency) in Shanghai. Cost per CVD hospitalization in 2012 averaged US $ 2236.29, with the highest being for chronic rheumatic heart diseases (US $ 4710.78). Most direct medical costs were spent on medication. By the end of 2030, the average cost per visit per month for all CVDs was estimated to be US $ 4042.68 (95% CI: US $ 3795.04-4290.31) for all CVDs, and the total health expenditure for CVDs would reach over US $1.12 billion (95% CI: US $ 1.05-1.19 billion) without additional government interventions. Total health expenditures for CVDs in Shanghai are estimated to be higher in the future. These results should be a valuable future resource for both researchers on the economic effects of CVDs and for policy makers.
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| 52. |
- Weidung, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Systolic blood pressure decline in very old individuals is explained by deteriorating health : Longitudinal changes from Umea85+/GERDA
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 96:51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declining systolic blood pressure (SBP) is common in very old age and is associated with adverse events, such as dementia. Knowledge of factors associated with SBP changes could explain the etiology of this decline in SBP. This study investigated longitudinal changes in socioeconomic factors, medical conditions, drug prescriptions, and assessments and their associations with SBP changes among very old followed individuals.The study was based on data from the Umea85+/Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) cohort study, which provided cross-sectional and longitudinal data on participants aged 85, 90, and 95 years from 2000 to 2015. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 5 years. The main outcome was a change in SBP. Factors associated with SBP changes were assessed using multivariate linear regression models.In the Umea85+/GERDA study, 454 surviving individuals underwent follow-up assessment after 5 years. Of these, 297 had SBP measured at baseline and follow-up. The mean changestandard deviation in SBP was -12 +/- 25mm Hg. SBP decline was associated independently with later investigation year (P=.009), higher baseline SBP (P<.001), baseline antidepressant prescription (P=.011), incident acute myocardial infarction during follow-up (P=.003), new diuretic prescription during follow-up (P=.044), and a decline in the Barthel Activities of Daily Living index at follow-up (P<.001).In conclusion, SBP declines among very old individuals. This decline seems to be associated with initial SBP level, investigation year, and health-related factors.
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| 53. |
- Weigl, Wojciech, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl during the period of highest analgesic demand after cesarean section A randomized controlled study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Medicine. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 95:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures in female patients. We aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl during the period of greatest postoperative analgesic demand after CS. This period was defined by detailed analysis of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) usage. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized trial included 60 parturients who were scheduled for elective CS. Participants received spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine supplemented with normal saline (control group) or with fentanyl 25 mg (fentanyl group). To evaluate primary endpoints, we measured total pethidine consumption over the period of greatest PCA pethidine requirement. For verification of secondary endpoints, we recorded intravenous PCA requirement in other time windows, duration of effective analgesia, pain scores assessed by visual analog scale, opioid side effects, hemodynamic changes, neonatal Apgar scores, and intraoperative pain. Detailed analysis of hour-by-hour PCA opioid requirements showed that the greatest demand for analgesics among patients in the control group occurred during the first 12 hours after surgery. Patients in the fentanyl group had significantly reduced opioid consumption compared with the controls during this period and had a prolonged duration of effective analgesia. The groups were similar in visual analog scale, incidence of analgesia-related side effects (nausea/vomiting, pruritus, oversedation, and respiratory depression), and neonatal Apgar scores. Mild respiratory depression occurred in 1 patient in each group. Fewer patients experienced intraoperative pain in the fentanyl group (3% vs 23%; relative risk 6.8, 95% confidence interval 0.9-51.6). The requirement for postoperative analgesics is greatest during the first 12hours after induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing CS. The addition of intrathecal fentanyl to spinal anesthesia is effective for intraoperative analgesia and decreases opioid consumption during the period of the highest analgesic demand after CS, without an increase in maternal or neonatal side effects. We recommend using intrathecal fentanyl for CS in medical centers not using morphine or other opioids intrathecally at present.
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| 54. |
- Weigl, Wojciech, et al.
(författare)
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Perioperative analgesia after intrathecal fentanyl and morphine or morphine alone for cesarean section : A randomized controlled study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 96:48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Intrathecal morphine is used in the postoperative management of pain after caesarean section (CS), but might not be optimal for intraoperative analgesia. We hypothesized that intrathecal fentanyl could supplement intraoperative analgesia when added to a local anesthetic and morphine without affecting management of postoperative pain.Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study included 60 parturients scheduled for elective CS. Spinal anesthesia consisted of bupivacaine with either morphine 100 mu g (M group), or fentanyl 25 mu g and morphine 100 mu g (FM group). The frequency of intraoperative pain and pethidine consumption in the 24 hours postoperatively was recorded.Results: Fewer patients in the FM group required additional intraoperative analgesia (P < .01, relative risk 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-1.04). The FM group was noninferior to the M group for 24-hour opioid consumption (95% CI -10.0 mg to 45.7 mg, which was below the prespecified boundary of 50 mg). Pethidine consumption in postoperative hours 1 to 12 was significantly higher in the FM group (P=.02). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were more common in the FM group (P=.01). Visual analog scale scores, effective analgesia, Apgar scores, and rates of pruritus and respiratory depression were similar between the groups.Conclusions: Intrathecal combination of fentanyl and morphine may provide better perioperative analgesia than morphine alone in CS and could be useful when the time from anesthesia to skin incision is short. However, an increase in PONV and possible acute spinal opioid tolerance after addition of intrathecal fentanyl warrants further investigation using lower doses of fentanyl.
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| 55. |
- Werner, Maria, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A clinical study of culture-negative endocarditis.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0025-7974. ; 82:4, s. 263-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Culture-negative infective endocarditis (CNE) is a diagnostic problem in spite of improved echocardiographic and blood culturing techniques. We conducted the present study to estimate the proportion of CNE in patients with infective endocarditis, to investigate data regarding risk factors, and to evaluate the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria in patients with CNE. We evaluated 820 consecutive suspected episodes of infective endocarditis in adults at the Departments of Infectious Diseases in Göteborg and Borås, Sweden (1984-1996). All patients were diagnosed and treated according to a protocol; 487 episodes were identified as infective endocarditis. Episodes with absence of bacterial growth at blood culture were defined as CNE and were classified with the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria. We identified 116 CNE episodes (median age, 67 yr). Mortality was 7%, and in 15%, cardiac surgery was performed. The Duke criteria classified 20 definite, 80 possible, and 16 reject episodes. The modified Beth Israel criteria distinguished 13 definite, 15 probable, 27 possible, and 61 reject episodes. The proportion of CNE among patients with infective endocarditis varied from 19% to 27% at the 2 departments. Antibiotic treatment preceded blood culture in 45% of the CNE episodes. About 20% in a Scandinavian population of infective endocarditis patients have CNE. Antibiotic pretreatment explains less than 50% of all CNE episodes. The Duke criteria are more sensitive but less specific than the modified Beth Israel criteria in classifying patients with CNE.
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| 56. |
- Westerberg, Elisabet, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of physical exercise on neuromuscular function in Myasthenia gravis patients : A single-subject design study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 97:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for tailored exercise recommendations to patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG). A few pilot studies have recently shown that physical exercise in accordance with general recommendations to healthy adults can be applied safely to patients with mild MG symptoms. How physical exercise affects muscle parameters and risk factors for life-style diseases in patients with MG is, however, only poorly known. We evaluated functional skeletal muscle parameters in 11 MG patients, before and after conducting a 12-week supervised physical therapy regimen of aerobic and high-resistance strength training. After the training program, parameters of the proximal leg muscle rectus femoris improved: compound motor action potential (from 4.5 ± 2.6 to 5.3 ± 2.8 mV, p=0.016), isometric muscle force (from 25.2 ± 4.4 to 30.2 ± 3.8 kg; p=0.014) and ultrasound muscle thickness (from 19.6 ± 5.6 to 23.0 ± 3.9 mm, p=0.0098) all increased. Further, physical performance-based measures improved, including the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (median change +2, p=0.0039) as well as the clinical MG composite score (from 3[2-5] to 2 [0-4], p=0.043). These findings indicate that MG patients can improve their functional muscle status as a result of aerobic and high-resistance strength training, especially in proximal leg muscles. This is important knowledge when physical therapy is considered for this patient group, for whom no guidelines on physical exercise currently exist.
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| 57. |
- Xu, Jiayue, et al.
(författare)
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A genetic variant in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene is related to age-dependent differences in the therapeutic effect of calcium-channel blockers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 96:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one of the major health concerns worldwide. Genetic factors impact both the risk for hypertension and the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs. Sex- and age-specific variances in the prevalence of hypertension are partly induced by estrogen. We investigated 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism in relation to sex- and age-specific differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) outcome under the treatment of diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs). We included 5064 subjects (age: 40-82) from the population-based CoLaus cohort. Participants were genotyped for the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) variants rs4680, rs737865, and rs165599; the uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A gene family (UGT1A) variants rs2070959 and rs887829; and the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) variant rs10046. Binomial and linear regression analyses were performed correcting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, and antihypertensive therapy to test whether the variants in focus are significantly associated with BP. All investigated COMT variants were strongly associated with the effect of diuretics, CCBs, and ARBs on SBP or DBP (P<.05), showing an additive effect when occurring in combination. After Bonferroni correction the polymorphism rs4680 (Val(158)Met) in COMT was significantly associated with lower SBP in participants treated with CCBs (P=.009) with an especially strong impact in elderly individuals (age >= 70) alone (Delta=-14.08 mm Hg, P=.0005). These results underline the important role of estrogens and catecholamines in hypertension and the importance of genotype dependent, age-related adjustments of calcium-channel blocker treatment.
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| 58. |
- Yang, Lie, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy in Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer A STROBE-compliant article
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Lippincott, Williams andamp; Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 93:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of surgery and adjuvant therapy in older patients (age greater than= 70 years) with colorectal cancer (CRC). Older CRC patients are under-represented in available clinical trials, and therefore their outcomes after receiving surgery and adjuvant therapy are unclear. From two prospective Swedish databases, we assessed a cohort of 1021 patients who underwent curative surgery for stage I, II, or III primary CRC, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. Of the patients with colon cancer (n = 467), 182 (39%) were aged less than70 years, 162 (35%) aged 70 to 80 years, and 123 (26%) were aged greater than= 80 years. Of rectal cancer patients (n = 554), 264 (48%) were aged less than70 years, 234 (42%) aged 70 to 80 years, and 56 (10%) aged greater than= 80 years. Older patients with either colon or rectal cancer had higher comorbidity than did younger patients. Older patients with colon cancer had equivalent postoperative morbidity and 30-day mortality to younger patients. Rectal cancer patients aged greater than= 80 years had a higher 30-day mortality than younger patients (odds ratio OR], 2.37; 95% confidence interval CI], 1.6-4.55; P = 0.03). For either colon or rectal cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy compromised the 5-year overall survival (OS) of older patients with stage II disease and had no effect on those with stage III disease. Receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was a poor factor of OS for older patients with either colon (HR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.20-4.35, P = 0.03) or rectal cancer (HR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.052.26, P = 0.004). Preoperative short-course radiotherapy improved both OS and local control for older patients with stage III rectal cancer and had no effect on those with stage II disease. Radiotherapy was a favorable factor for the OS of the older patients with rectal cancer (HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-3.57, P = 0.01). In conclusion, Older CRC patients had equal safety of surgery as younger patients, except rectal cancer patients aged greater than= 80 years that had a higher mortality. Adjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy did not benefit older CRC patient, while neoadjuvant radiotherapy improved the prognosis of older patients with stage III rectal cancer.
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| 59. |
- Yu, Fang-Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Identified molecular mechanism of interaction between environmental risk factors and differential expression genes in cartilage of Kashin-Beck disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 95:52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As environmental risk factors (ERFs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), it is important to identify the interaction between ERFs and differentially expression genes (DEGs) in KBD. The environmental response genes (ERGs) were analyzed in cartilage of KBD in comparison to normal controls.We searched 5 English and 3 Chinese databases from inception to September 2015, to identify case-control studies that examined ERFs for KBD using integrative meta-analysis and systematic review. Total RNA was isolated from articular cartilage of KBD patients and healthy controls. Human whole genome microarray chip (Agilent) was used to analyze the amplified, labeled, and hybridized total RNA, and the validated microarray data were partially verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The ERGs were derived from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The identified ERGs were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment, biological process (BP), and interaction network analyses using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.7, and STRING.The trace elements (selenium and iodine), vitamin E, and polluted grains (T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, and nivalenol) were identified as the ERFs for KBD using meta-analysis and review. We identified 21 upregulated ERGs and 7 downregulated ERGs in cartilage with KBD compared with healthy controls, which involved in apoptosis, metabolism, and growth and development. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that 2 significant pathways were involved with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and P53 signaling pathway, and gene ontology function analysis found 3 BPs involved with apoptosis, death, and cell death in KBD cartilage.According to previous results and our own research, we suggest that the trace element selenium and vitamin E induce PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the mycotoxins (T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin and DON) induce P53 signaling pathway, contributing to the development of KBD, and chondrocyte apoptosis and cell death.
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| 60. |
- Zhang, Feng'e, et al.
(författare)
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Cell cycle-related lncRNAs and mRNAs in osteoarthritis chondrocytes in a Northwest Chinese Han Population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 99:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A group of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play key roles in osteoarthritis (OA), although they represented only a small proportion of lncRNAs that may be biologically and physiologically relevant. Since our knowledge of regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs is still limited, it is important to gain better understanding of their relation to the pathogenesis of OA.Methods: We performed mRNA and lncRNA microarray analysis to detect differentially expressed RNAs in chondrocytes from three OA patients compared with four healthy controls. Then, enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs was carried out to define disease molecular networks, pathways and gene ontology (GO) function. Furthermore, target gene prediction based on the co-expression network was performed to reveal the potential relationships between lncRNAs and mRNAs, contributing an exploration of a role of lncRNAs in OA mechanism. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses were used to demonstrate the reliability of the experimental results.Findings: Altogether 990 lncRNAs (666 up-regulated and 324 down-regulated) and 546 mRNAs (419 up-regulated and 127 down-regulated) were differentially expressed in OA samples compared with the normal ones. The enrichment analysis revealed a set of genes involved in cell cycle. In total, 854 pairs of mRNA and lncRNA were highly linked, and further target prediction appointed 12 genes specifically for their corresponding lncRNAs. The lncRNAs lncRNA-CTD-2184D3.4, ENST00000564198.1, and ENST00000520562.1 were predicted to regulate SPC24, GALM, and ZNF345 mRNA expressions in OA.Interpretation: This study uncovered several novel genes potentially important in pathogenesis of OA, and forecast the potential function of lnc-CTD-2184D3.4, especially for the cell cycle in the chondrocytes. These findings may promote additional aspects in studies of OA.
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