| 41. |
- Bernardo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ion temperature and toroidal rotation in JET's low torque plasmas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 87:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the procedure developed as the best method to provide an accurate and reliable estimation of the ion temperature T-i and the toroidal velocity v(phi) from Charge-eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) data from intrinsic rotation experiments at the Joint European Torus with the carbon wall. The low impurity content observed in such plasmas, resulting in low active CXRS signal, alongside low Doppler shifts makes the determination of Ti and v(phi) particularly difficult. The beam modulation method will be discussed along with the measures taken to increase photon statistics and minimise errors from the absolute calibration and magneto-hydro-dynamics effects that may impact the CXRS passive emission.
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| 42. |
- Berntsen, Magnus H., et al.
(författare)
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A spin- and angle-resolving photoelectron spectrometer
- 2010
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 81:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of hemispherical electron energy analyzer that permits angle and spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been developed. The analyzer permits standard angle resolved spectra to be recorded with a two-dimensional detector in parallel with spin detection using a mini-Mott polarimeter. General design considerations as well as technical solutions are discussed and test results from the Au(111) surface state are presented.
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| 43. |
- Berntsen, Magnus H., et al.
(författare)
-
An experimental setup for high resolution 10.5 eV laser-based angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a time-of-flight electron analyzer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 82:9, s. 095113-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an experimental setup for laser-based angle-resolved time-of-flight photoemission. Using a picosecond pulsed laser, photons of energy 10.5 eV are generated through higher harmonic generation in xenon. The high repetition rate of the light source, variable between 0.2 and 8 MHz, enables high photoelectron count rates and short acquisition times. By using a time-of-flight analyzer with angle-resolving capabilities, electrons emitted from the sample within a circular cone of up to +/- 15 degrees can be collected. Hence, simultaneous acquisition of photoemission data for a complete area of the Brillouin zone is possible. The current photon energy enables bulk sensitive measurements, high angular resolution, and the resulting covered momentum space is large enough to enclose the entire Brillouin zone in cuprate high-T(c) superconductors. Fermi edge measurements on polycrystalline Au shows an energy resolution better than 5 meV. Data from a test measurement of the Au(111) surface state are presented along with measurements of the Fermi surface of the high-T(c) superconductor Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (Bi2212).
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| 44. |
- Berntsen, Peter, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The serial millisecond crystallography instrument at the Australian Synchrotron incorporating the "Lipidico" injector
- 2019
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 90:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A serial millisecond crystallography (SMX) facility has recently been implemented at the macromolecular crystallography beamline, MX2 at the Australian Synchrotron. The setup utilizes a combination of an EIGER X 16M detector system and an in-house developed high-viscosity injector, "Lipidico." Lipidico uses a syringe needle to extrude the microcrystal-containing viscous media and it is compatible with commercially available syringes. The combination of sample delivery via protein crystals suspended in a viscous mixture and a millisecond frame rate detector enables high-throughput serial crystallography at the Australian Synchrotron. A hit-finding algorithm, based on the principles of "robust-statistics," is employed to rapidly process the data. Here we present the first SMX experimental results with a detector frame rate of 100 Hz (10 ms exposures) and the Lipidico injector using a mixture of lysozyme microcrystals embedded in high vacuum silicon grease. Details of the experimental setup, sample injector, and data analysis pipeline are designed and developed as part of the Australian Synchrotron SMX instrument and are reviewed here. Published under license by AIP Publishing.
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| 45. |
- Bertilsson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory arrangement for soft x-ray zone-plate efficiency measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 78:2, s. 026103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a laboratory-scale arrangement for rapid and accurate measurements of the absolute and local efficiency of soft x-ray micro zone plates in the water window. This in-house instrument is based on a single-line lambda=2.88 nm liquid-jet laser-plasma source. Measurements are performed by a simultaneous comparison of first diffraction-order photon flux with the flux in a calibrated reference signal. This arrangement eliminates existing source emission fluctuations. The performance of the method is demonstrated by the result from measurements of two similar to 55 mu m diameter nickel micro zone plates, showing a groove efficiency of 12.9%+/- 1.1% and 11.7%+/- 1.0%. Furthermore, we show that spatially resolved efficiency mapping is an effective tool for a detailed characterization of local zone plate properties. Thus, this laboratory-scale instrument allows rapid feedback to the fabrication process which is important for future improvements.
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| 46. |
- Betz, B, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the sensitivity range in neutron dark-field imaging.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 86:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In neutron grating interferometry, the dark-field image visualizes the scattering properties of samples in the small-angle and ultra-small-angle scattering range. These angles correspond to correlation lengths from several hundred nanometers up to several tens of micrometers. In this article, we present an experimental study that demonstrates the potential of quantitative neutron dark-field imaging. The dark-field signal for scattering from different particle sizes and concentrations of mono-dispersive polystyrene particles in aqueous solution is compared to theoretical predictions and the good agreement between measurements and calculations underlines the quantitative nature of the measured values and reliability of the technique with neutrons.
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| 47. |
- Bielecki, J., et al.
(författare)
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Phillips-Tikhonov regularization with a priori information for neutron emission tomographic reconstruction on Joint European Torus
- 2015
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 86:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method of tomographic reconstruction of the neutron emissivity in the poloidal cross section of the Joint European Torus (JET, Culham, UK) tokamak was developed. Due to very limited data set (two projection angles, 19 lines of sight only) provided by the neutron emission profile monitor (KN3 neutron camera), the reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem. The aim of this work consists in making a contribution to the development of reliable plasma tomography reconstruction methods that could be routinely used at JET tokamak. The proposed method is based on Phillips-Tikhonov regularization and incorporates a priori knowledge of the shape of normalized neutron emissivity profile. For the purpose of the optimal selection of the regularization parameters, the shape of normalized neutron emissivity profile is approximated by the shape of normalized electron density profile measured by LIDAR or high resolution Thomson scattering JET diagnostics. In contrast with some previously developed methods of ill-posed plasma tomography reconstruction problem, the developed algorithms do not include any post-processing of the obtained solution and the physical constrains on the solution are imposed during the regularization process. The accuracy of the method is at first evaluated by several tests with synthetic data based on various plasma neutron emissivity models (phantoms). Then, the method is applied to the neutron emissivity reconstruction for JET D plasma discharge #85100. It is demonstrated that this method shows good performance and reliability and it can be routinely used for plasma neutron emissivity reconstruction on JET.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Binda, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Forward fitting of experimental data from a NE213 neutron detector installed with the magnetic proton recoil upgraded spectrometer at JET
- 2014
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 85:11, s. 11E123-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present the results obtained from the data analysis of neutron spectra measured with a NE213 liquid scintillator at JET. We calculated the neutron response matrix of the instrument combining MCNPX simulations, a generic proton light output function measured with another detector and the fit of data from ohmic pulses. For the analysis, we selected a set of pulses with neutral beam injection heating (NBI) only and we applied a forward fitting procedure of modeled spectral components to extract the fraction of thermal neutron emission. The results showed the same trend of the ones obtained with the dedicated spectrometer TOFOR, even though the values from the NE213 analysis were systematically higher. This discrepancy is probably due to the different lines of sight of the two spectrometers (tangential for the NE213, vertical for TOFOR). The uncertainties on the thermal fraction estimates were from 4 to 7 times higher than the ones from the TOFOR analysis.
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| 50. |
- Björklund, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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A calorimetric method to determine water activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 82:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A calorimetric method to determine water activity covering the full range of the water activity scale is presented. A dry stream of nitrogen gas is passed either over the solution whose activity should be determined or left dry before it is saturated by bubbling through water in an isothermal calorimeter. The unknown activity is in principle determined by comparing the thermal power of vaporization related to the gas stream with unknown activity to that with zero activity. Except for three minor corrections (for pressure drop, non-perfect humidification, and evaporative cooling) the unknown water activity is calculated solely based on the water activity end-points zero and unity. Thus, there is no need for calibration with references with known water activities. The method has been evaluated at 30 °C by measuring the water activity of seven aqueous sodium chloride solutions ranging from 0.1 mol kg−1 to 3 mol kg−1 and seven saturated aqueous salt solutions (LiCl, MgCl2, NaBr, NaCl, KCl, KNO3, and K2SO4) with known water activities. The performance of the method was adequate over the complete water activity scale. At high water activities the performance was excellent, which is encouraging as many other methods used for water activity determination have limited performance at high water activities.
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