| 61. |
- Ahrens, Lutz, et al.
(författare)
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Stockholm Arlanda Airport as a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to water, sediment and fish
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 129, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fire training facilities are potential sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the nearby environment due to the usage of PFAS-containing aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFFs). The multimedia distribution of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FFSA) was investigated near a fire training facility at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sweden. The whole body burden of PFASs in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) was 334 +/- 80 mu g absolute and was distributed as follows: Gonad > liver approximate to muscle > blood > gill. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and sediment/water partition coefficient (K-d) increased by 0.6-1.7 and 0.2-0.5 log units, respectively, for each additional CF2 moiety for PFCAs and PFSAs. PFAS concentrations in water showed no significant decreasing trend between 2009 and 2013 (p > 0.05), which indicates that Stockholm Arlanda Airport may be an important source for long-term contamination of the nearby environment with PFASs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 62. |
- Ahrens, Lutz, et al.
(författare)
-
The relevant role of ion mobility separation in LC-HRMS based screening strategies for contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion mobility separation (IMS) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (IMS-HRMS) is a promising technique for (non-)target/suspect analysis of micropollutants in complex matrices. IMS separates ionized compounds based on their charge, shape and size facilitating the removal of co-eluting isomeric/isobaric species. Additionally, IMS data can be translated into collision cross-section (CCS) values, which can be used to increase the identification reliability. However, IMS-HRMS for the screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been scarcely explored. In this study, the role of IMS-HRMS for the identification of CECs in complex matrices is highlighted, with emphasis on when and with which purpose is of use. The utilization of IMS can result in much cleaner mass spectra, which considerably facilitates data interpretation and the obtaining of reliable identifications. Furthermore, the robustness of IMS measurements across matrices permits the use of CCS as an additional relevant parameter during the identification step even when reference standards are not available. Moreover, an effect on the number of true and false identifications could be demonstrated by including IMS restrictions within the identification workflow. Data shown in this work is of special interest for environmental researchers dealing with the detection of CECs with state-of-the-art IMS-HRMS instruments.
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| 63. |
- Al-Hazmi, Hussein E., et al.
(författare)
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Polysaccharide nanocomposites in wastewater treatment : A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 347
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In modern times, wastewater treatment is vital due to increased water contamination arising from pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues. Polysaccharides (PSAs) are natural, renewable, and non-toxic biopolymers used in wastewater treatment in the field of gas separation, liquid filtration, adsorption processes, pervaporation, and proton exchange membranes. Since addition of nanoparticles to PSAs improves their sustainability and strength, nanocomposite PSAs has gained significant attention for wastewater treatment in the past decade. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of PSA-based nanocomposites used for efficient wastewater treatment, focusing on adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane-based methods. It also discusses potential future applications, challenges, and opportunities in adsorption, filtration, and photocatalysis. Recently, PSAs have shown promise as adsorbents in biological-based systems, effectively removing heavy metals that could hinder microbial activity. Cellulose-mediated adsorbents have successfully removed various pollutants from wastewater, including heavy metals, dyes, oil, organic solvents, pesticides, and pharmaceutical residues. Thus, PSA nanocomposites would support biological processes in wastewater treatment plants. A major concern is the discharge of antibiotic wastes from pharmaceutical industries, posing significant environmental and health risks. PSA-mediated bio-adsorbents, like clay polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel beads, efficiently remove antibiotics from wastewater, ensuring water quality and ecosystem balance. The successful use of PSA-mediated bio-adsorbents in wastewater treatment depends on ongoing research to optimize their application and evaluate their potential environmental impacts. Implementing these eco-friendly adsorbents on a large scale holds great promise in significantly reducing water pollution, safeguarding ecosystems, and protecting human health.
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| 64. |
- Al-Naamani, Laila, et al.
(författare)
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Chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for the prevention of marine biofouling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 168, s. 408-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem affecting maritime industries. Global concerns about the high toxicity of antifouling paints have highlighted the need to develop less toxic antifouling coatings. Chitosan is a natural polymer with antimicrobial, antifungal and antialgal properties that is obtained from partial deacetylation of crustacean waste. In the present study, nanocomposite chitosan-zinc oxide (chitosan-ZnO) nanoparticle hybrid coatings were developed and their antifouling activity was tested. Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle coatings showed anti-diatom activity against Navicula sp. and antibacterial activity against the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens. Additional antifouling properties of the coatings were investigated in a mesocosm study using tanks containing natural sea water under controlled laboratory conditions. Each week for four weeks, biofilm was removed and analysed by flow cytometry to estimate total bacterial densities on the coated substrates. Chitosan-ZnO hybrid coatings led to better inhibition of bacterial growth in comparison to chitosan coatings alone, as determined by flow cytometry. This study demonstrates the antifouling potential of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite hybrid coatings, which can be used for the prevention of biofouling. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 65. |
- Amstaetter, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of PAHs and PCBs to activated carbon : Coal versus biomass-based quality
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 87:5, s. 573-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of activated carbon (AC) is an increasingly popular method for pollutant immobilization, and the AC material can be made of biomass or coal/fossil feedstock. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences between pollutant sorption to biomass and coal-based AC in the presence and absence of sediment. Through N-2 and CO2 adsorption to probe surface area and pore size it was shown that the biomass-based AC had a stronger dominance of narrow pores in the size range 3.5-15 angstrom than the anthracite-based material. In the absence of sediment, sorption isotherms for the probe compounds pyrene and PCB-101 showed stronger sorption for the biomass-based AC (logarithmic Freundlich coefficients 8.15 for pyrene; 9.91 for PCB-101) than for the anthracite-based one (logarithmic Freundlich coefficients 7.20 and 9.70, respectively). In the presence of sediment, the opposite trend was observed, with the stronger sorption for anthracite-based AC. Thus, the presence of competing and/or pore-blocking sediment constituents reduces sorption to a larger extent for biomass-derived AC (factor of 5 for pyrene to almost 100 for PCB-101) than for anthracite-based AC (no reduction for pyrene to factor of 5 for PCB-101). This difference is tentatively attributed to the difference in pore size distribution, narrow pores being more prone to clogging, and could have implications for remediation feasibility with AC from different sources.
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| 66. |
- Anbalagan, Anbarasan, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of iron precipitated condition and light intensity on microalgae activated sludge based wastewater remediation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; , s. 1523-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The indigenous microalgae-activated sludge (MAAS) process during remediation of municipal wastewater was investigated by studying the influence of iron flocculation step and light intensity. In addition, availability of total phosphorous (P) and photosynthetic activity was examined in fed-batch and batch mode under northern climatic conditions and limited lighting. This was followed by a semi-continuous operation with 4 d of hydraulic retention time and mean cell residence time of 6.75 d in a photo-bioreactor (PBR) with varying P availability. The fed-batch condition showed that P concentrations of 3–4 mg L−1 were effective for photosynthetic chl. a development in iron flocculated conditions. In the PBR, the oxygen evolution rate increased with increase in the concentration of MAAS (from 258 to 573 mg TSS L−1) at higher surface photosynthetic active radiation (250 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1). Additionally, the rate approached a saturation phase at low MAAS (110 mg L−1) with higher light intensities. Semi-continuous operation with luxury P uptake and effective P condition showed stable average total nitrogen removal of 88 and 92% respectively, with residual concentrations of 3.77 and 2.21 mg L−1. The corresponding average P removal was 68 and 59% with residual concentrations of 2.32 and 1.75 mg L−1. The semi-continuous operation produced a rapidly settleable MAAS under iron flocculated condition with a settling velocity of 92–106 m h−1 and sludge volume index of 31–43 ml g−1 in the studied cases.
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| 67. |
- Andersson, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of humic substances on EROD activity in gill and liver of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 81:2, s. 156-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humic substances (HS) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been found to influence physiological functions of aquatic organisms. In the present study, three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were exposed to HS of different origins to evaluate effects on the 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity catalyzed by cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in the liver and the gill. To that end, three-spined sticklebacks were exposed for 48 h to different concentrations of synthetic humic acid (AHA), Nordic reservoir natural organic matter (N.R.-NOM) and water from six lakes with different concentrations of HS. EROD activity was significantly induced (3-6-fold) in the gills of fish exposed to water from all lakes except the lake with the lowest concentration of HS. All tested concentrations of AHA and N.R.-NOM significantly induced gill EROD activity and the induction was dose-dependent. AHA, but neither N.R.-NOM nor lake water, induced EROD activity in the liver. In addition, fish were exposed to the potent CYP1A inducers benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and PCB126 in combination with AHA. Presence of AHA had no significant effect on EROD induction by BaP or PCB126. The components in HS responsible for EROD induction remain to be identified. Our finding that HS of both natural and synthetic origin induce EROD activity in the gill is of significance for the interpretation of biomonitoring data on EROD activity as well as for the choice of suitable reference waters.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
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