| 31. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 52:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a new measure of human capital, defined as employees' former involvement in entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurial human capital (EHC) complements traditional human capital measures accumulated through work experience and education. Using detailed longitudinal register data, we track the previous years of entrepreneurial experience for the population of employees in Swedish private sector firms. We provide evidence that higher EHC among employees is associated with significantly higher levels of firm productivity. The baseline result implies that a 10 % increase in employees being former entrepreneurs increases firm-level productivity by 3.9 %. Additionally, we provide evidence that heterogeneity in employees' previous entrepreneurial experience (e.g., the reason for entering and exiting entrepreneurship, type of venture, length of entrepreneurial experiences, and relatedness of technology) influences the impact of EHC on productivity. The results are shown to be robust to various estimation techniques, alternative definitions of EHC, and other performance measures. © 2022 The Authors
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| 32. |
- Broström, Anders, Docent, 1978-
(författare)
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Academic breeding grounds : Home department conditions and early career performance of academic researchers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:7, s. 1647-1665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how research group characteristics relate to the early career success of PhD candidates who are trained in the group. In particular, I study how the citation impact of early-career PhDs is related to the staff composition and funding of the group. Using data on a cohort of Swedish doctoral graduates in science, engineering, mathematics and medicine, two sets of findings are obtained. First, students who were trained in groups with a lower number of PhD students perform better in terms of academic productivity. From the perspective of research policy, this finding suggests a decreasing return to funding additional PhD student positions allocated to professors who are already maintaining larger research groups. Second, PhD students trained in groups with funding for PhD research that is conditioned by funder influence over the topic of thesis research are more likely to stay in academia. Controlling for career destination, however, PhDs from such groups have lower than average scientific productivity and citation impact. These results suggest that finders of PhD studies face a trade-off between the two different funding objectives of "getting what they want" in terms of research content and fostering successful scholars.
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| 33. |
- Broström, Anders, 1978-
(författare)
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Working with distant researchers : distance and content in university-industry interaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 39:10, s. 1311-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the role of geographic proximity for interaction on R&D by exploring the special case of formalised university-industry interaction in the engineering sector While numerous studies find that geographic proximity facilitates spillover effects between university and industry by utilising evidence from e g patenting and publishing activities the geographical dimension is largely understudied in studies that report evidence from direct interaction A series of interviews with R&D managers suggests that linkages in geographical proximity are more likely than distant linkages to generate impulses to innovation and create significant learning effects at the firm Similarly geographic proximate interaction is more likely to successfully contribute to R&D projects with short time to market For long-term R&D projects geographic proximity is generally seen as a less critical factor A survey to 425 R&D managers in Swedish engineering firms provides evidence that supports these hypotheses.
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| 34. |
- Brown, James R., et al.
(författare)
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What promotes R&D? Comparative evidence from around the world
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 46:2, s. 447-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- R&D drives innovation and productivity growth, but appropriability problems and financing difficulties likely keep R&D investment well below the socially optimal level, particularly in high- technology industries. Though countries around the world are increasingly interested in using tax incentives and other policy initiatives to address this underinvestment problem, there is little empirical evidence comparing the effectiveness of alternative domestic policies and institutions at spurring R&D. Using data from a broad sample of OECD economies, we find that financial market rules that improve accounting standards and strengthen contract enforcement share a significant positive relation with R&D in more innovative industries, as do stronger legal protections for intellectual property. In contrast, stronger creditor rights and more generous R&D tax credits have a negative differential relation with R&D in more innovative industries. These results suggest that domestic policies directly dealing with appropriability and financing problems may be more effective than traditional tax subsides at promoting the innovative investments that drive economic growth.
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| 35. |
- Bruns, S. B., et al.
(författare)
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Reporting errors and biases in published empirical findings: Evidence from innovation research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 48:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Errors and biases in published results compromise the reliability of empirical research, posing threats to the cumulative research process and to evidence-based decision making. We provide evidence on reporting errors and biases in innovation research. We find that 45% of the articles in our sample contain at least one result for which the provided statistical information is not consistent with reported significance levels. In 25% of the articles, at least one strong reporting error is diagnosed where a statistically non-significant finding becomes significant or vice versa using the common significance threshold of 0.1. The error rate at the test level is very small with 4.0% exhibiting any error and 1.4% showing strong errors. We also find systematically more marginally significant findings compared to marginally non-significant findings at the 0.05 and 0.1 thresholds of statistical significance. These discontinuities indicate the presence of reporting biases. Explorative analysis suggests that discontinuities are related to authors’ affiliations and to a lesser extent the article's rank in the issue and the style of reporting. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
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| 36. |
- Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of spin-off performance in industry clusters: Embodied knowledge or embedded firms?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 47:3, s. 663-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies attest to the distinctive performance of intra-industry spin-offs located in agglomerated regions. Besides entrepreneurs' pre-entry experience, both superior hires and regional embeddedness have been suggested as factors contributing to this pattern. We employ linked employer-employee data to assess their relevance in the empirical context of the Portuguese plastic injection molds industry. We find that the longevity of entrants is associated with the number and quality of early employees hired from within the industry, consistent with the importance of embodied knowledge flows. Our findings do not suggest that entrants' centrality in the regional industry network enhances their longevity.
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| 37. |
- Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Interrelated funding streams in a multi-funder university system: Evidence from the German Exzellenzinitiative
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 49:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Using the Zukunftskonzepte funding line of the German Exzellenzinitiative as our empirical setting and employing a difference-in-differences approach, we study interrelations in the competitive funding of research projects. Our results indicate that enhanced inequality introduced through the Exzellenzinitiative was partially offset by changes in the allocation of resources from other funders.
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| 38. |
- Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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When do firms get ideas from hiring PhDs?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 49:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Hiring new PhDs allows firms to access recent scientific advances. We develop new measures based on correlated topic models to estimate the similarity of patents and dissertations, and apply these measures to PhD-invented firm patents in the German laser industry. Patents are more exploratory for the firm if the underlying dissertation work is less similar to the firm's prior knowledge stock. Patents filed prior to dissertation submission are more exploratory. PhD-invented patents did not become less exploratory when Germany adopted university ownership in academic inventions.
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| 39. |
- Castellani, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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From new imported inputs to new exported products. Firm-level evidence from Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 48:1, s. 322-338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the determinants of the propensity of firms to export new products, and focuses on the role of new imported inputs. Importing offers access to new technologies and better combination of inputs that can lead to new or improved products for the export markets. Based on a sample of more than 14,000 Swedish manufacturing firms over the period 2001–2012, we show that importing new inputs is a key determinant of firms’ propensity to add new products to their export portfolio, even after controlling for multinationality, patenting activity, productivity and a number of other firm characteristics. This is mainly due to the import of new intermediate inputs and it is stronger for smaller firms.
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| 40. |
- Castellani, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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R&D offshoring and the productivity growth of European regions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 42:9, s. 1581-1594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent increase in R&D offshoring has raised fears that knowledge and competitiveness in advanced countries may be at risk of 'hollowing out'. At the same time, economic research has stressed that this process is also likely to allow some reverse technology transfer and foster growth at home. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the extent to which R&D offshoring is associated with productivity dynamics of European regions. We find that offshoring regions have higher productivity growth, but this positive effect fades with the number of investment projects carried out abroad. A large and positive correlation emerges between the extent of R&D offshoring and the home region productivity growth, supporting the idea that carrying out R&D abroad strengthens European competitiveness. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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