| 41. |
- Persson, Ingrid A L, et al.
(author)
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Effects of cocoa extract and dark chocolate on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in human endothelial cells and healthy volunteers--a nutrigenomics perspective.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - 0160-2446 .- 1533-4023. ; 57:1, s. 44-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Evidence suggests that cocoa from the bean of Theobroma cacao L. has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if cocoa extract and dark chocolate influence angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and nitric oxide (NO) in human endothelial cells (in vitro) and in healthy volunteers (in vivo). ACE activity was analyzed with a commercial radioenzymatic assay and measured in human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (HUVEC) after 10 minutes of incubation with cocoa extract. NO was measured after 24 hours of incubation. ACE activity and NO were measured at baseline and after 30, 60, and 180 minutes in 16 healthy volunteers after a single intake of 75 g of dark chocolate containing 72% cocoa. Significant inhibition of ACE activity (P < 0.01) and significant increase of NO (P < 0.001) were seen in HUVEC. In the study subjects, a significant inhibition of ACE activity (mean 18%) 3 hours after intake of dark chocolate was seen, but no significant change in NO was seen. According to ACE genotype, significant inhibition of ACE activity was seen after 3 hours in individuals with genotype insertion/insertion and deletion/deletion (mean 21% and 28%, respectively). Data suggest that intake of dark chocolate containing high amount of cocoa inhibits ACE activity in vitro and in vivo.
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| 42. |
- Persson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Biphasic Response to Bradykinin in Isolated Porcine Iliac Arteries is Mediated by Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors
- 1998
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - 0160-2446 .- 1533-4023. ; 32:2, s. 306-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bradykinin-induced responses were studied in isolated porcine iliac arteries. Relaxation was endothelium dependent and seen at low concentrations (10-10-10-8 M) of bradykinin. It was inhibited by the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist icatibant (HOE-140) and by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine. Bradykinin-induced relaxation was significantly potentiated by the kininase I carboxypeptidase inhibitor mergepta (10-6 M). Bradykinin (>10-7M) elicited contraction of preparations with or without endothelium. The contraction was abolished by indomethacin but was not affected by the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2-receptor antagonist SQ 29,548. Icatibant and the bradykinin B1-receptor antagonist desArg9[Leu8]bradykinin significantly decreased bradykinin-induced contraction regardless of endothelial function. The contraction also was decreased by treatment with mergepta. The bradykinin B1-receptor agonist desArg9-bradykinin contracted endothelium-denuded arterial strips. This contraction was significantly decreased by desArg9 [Leu8] bradykinin but not by icatibant. The desArg9-bradykinin-induced contraction also was inhibited by the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Neither bradykinin-induced relaxation nor contraction was affected by the ACE inhibitors enalaprilat or cilazaprilat. In conclusion, bradykinin-induced relaxation of isolated porcine iliac arteries was mediated by endothelial bradykinin B2 receptors and mainly nitric oxide. Bradykinin-induced contraction was endothelium independent, indomethacin sensitive, and probably mediated by bradykinin B1 (inducible) and B2 receptors located in the vascular smooth-muscle layer. Kininase I carboxypeptidase, and not ACE, is the main enzyme responsible for bradykinin degradation in these vessels.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Scheiman, JM, et al.
(author)
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Esomeprazole for prevention and resolution of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients treated with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for cardiovascular protection : the OBERON trial.
- 2013
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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0160-2446 .- 1533-4023. ; 61:3, s. 250-257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is recommended for prevention of cardiovascular events in at-risk patients, its long-term use can be associated with the risk of peptic ulcer and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that may impact treatment compliance. This prespecified secondary analysis of the OBERON study (NCT00441727) determined the efficacy of esomeprazole for prevention/resolution of low-dose ASA-associated upper GI symptoms. A post hoc analysis of predictors of symptom prevention/resolution was also conducted. Helicobacter pylori-negative patients taking low-dose ASA (75-325 mg) for cardiovascular protection who had ≥1 upper GI risk factor were eligible. The patients were randomized to once-daily esomeprazole 40 mg, 20 mg, or placebo, for 26 weeks; 2303 patients (mean age 67.6 years; 36% aged >70 years) were evaluable for upper GI symptoms. The proportion of patients with dyspeptic or reflux symptoms (self-reported Reflux Disease Questionnaire) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in those treated with esomeprazole versus in those treated with placebo. Treatment with esomeprazole (P < 0.0001), age >70 years (P < 0.01), and the absence of upper GI symptoms at baseline (P < 0.0001) were all factors associated with prevention/resolution of upper GI symptoms. Together, these analyses demonstrate that esomeprazole is effective in preventing and resolving patient-reported upper GI symptoms in low-dose ASA users at increased GI risk.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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