| 31. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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From particle physics to photon science : Multi-dimensional and multi-level renewal at DESY and SLAC
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 40:5, s. 591-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of institutional transformation in science have largely overlooked Big Science installations, despite far-reaching changes to the roles and functions of such large labs in the past decades. Here, we present and analyze two Big Science labs that have undergone profound transformations from single-purpose particle physics labs to multi-purpose centers for so-called photon science: SLAC in the USA and DESY in Germany. We provide brief historic accounts of the labs and an analysis of the processes of change on different levels and from different aspects informed by a theoretical framework of institutional change in science. Thus, we describe the relevance of the study of Big Science labs from the perspective of institutional change and in terms of science policy/management. We also prove the aptness of the framework used and pave the way for a detailed analysis of particular forces of change and their interrelatedness.
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| 32. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Institutional persistence through gradual adaptation: analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 450-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems.
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| 33. |
- Hallonsten, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Institutional persistence through gradual organizational adaptation : Analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 39:4, s. 450-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems.
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| 34. |
- Hallonsten, Olof
(författare)
-
Unpreparedness and risk in Big Science policy: Sweden and the European Spallation Source
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 42, s. 415-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The politics of European collaborative Big Science are inherently uncertain. The European Spallation Source (ESS) for materials science, planned to be built in Sweden with a collaborative European funding solution that was recently finalized is the most recent example. Sweden has so far invested around one billion SEK (&E110 million), taking a significant risk given these uncertainties and given Sweden’s complete lack of experience in hosting such big labs. Tracing the Swedish government’s investments in the ESS project, this article shows that so far, the Swedish ESS bid seems to be generally well funded, but that a long-term plan for the funding and a contingency plan for increased costs seem to be absent. This adds to the seeming unprepared- ness of Sweden and elevates the already quite high level of risk for Swedish science and science policy of investing in the ESS.
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| 35. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
-
Framing the public : The policy process around xenotransplantation in Latvia and Sweden from 1970 to 2004
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:8, s. 629-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial debate is under way concerning the public's participation in biotechnology decision-making processes. This study, concerning the policy process around xenotransplantation (XTP) in Latvia and Sweden in the period 1970–2004, focuses on how scientific experts and politicians view the public and the public's participation in the process of developing policy regarding XTP. Drawing on interviews with actors involved in XTP in each country, we analyse and explain the inclusion and exclusion of publics in policy decision-making processes. In particular, we highlight the significance of the role of scientists and politicians in generating discourses which exclude the public from participation in policy decision-making.
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| 36. |
- Hardeman, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing and comparing innovation systems by different 'modes' of knowledge production: A proximity approach
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 42:4, s. 530-548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though the concept of innovation systems has become influential in both academia and policy-making, an analytical approach to understanding innovation systems is still lacking. In particular, there is no analytical framework to measure 'Mode 1' and 'Mode 2' knowledge production. We propose a framework based on the proximity concept. Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production are characterized by collaborations with cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity, and distance, respectively. Using a gravity model approach we apply our framework to the case of type 2 diabetes research and provide a characterization of the global innovation system and a comparative analysis of the North American and European innovation systems. Our main results hold that although collaborative research on type 2 diabetes generally follows a logic of proximity and hence is not characterized as Mode 2, important differences and similarities exist between the North American and European innovation systems.
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| 37. |
- Heimeriks, Gaston, et al.
(författare)
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How smart is specialisation? An analysis of specialisation patterns in knowledge production
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 43:4, s. 562-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand how the specialisation patterns of cities differ among scientific fields, we study patterns of knowledge production in Astrophysics, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Organic Chemistry in the period 1996-2012. Using keywords from journal publications, we find systematic differences across scientific fields, but remarkable similarities across cities within each field. Biotechnology shows a turbulent pattern with comparative advantages that are short lasting, and with few related topics are available for research locations. Astrophysics-and in later years Nanotechnology-show a pattern of stable rankings, comparative advantages that last longer, and many related topics potentially available for research locations. Organic Chemistry has an intermediate position. Thus, fields of knowledge production have fundamentally different characteristics that require different smart specialisation strategies taking into account the differences in accumulation and relatedness.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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From thematic to organizational prioritization : The challenges of implementing RDI priorities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 44:5, s. 599-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While priority setting for research, development and innovation (RDI) traditionally focuses on which thematic areas should be supported, less is known about how such goals are implemented on the agency level. Key challenges are how to translate broad priorities into programs and projects, how to govern the knowledge base, and how to handle organizational tensions during implementation. Many of these challenges must be addressed by 'street-level' administrators and agency experts during implementation. We take these agency challenges to be of central concern for RDI policy implementation, and propose a process perspective on priority setting. We apply this perspective to a case study of the Swedish Energy Agency and highlight a number of insights such as the tension between existing organizational capabilities and new goals for research and innovation. We argue that these insights are particularly relevant to other research funders with a sectoral mandate, for example, health, defense, or agriculture.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Hillman, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering sustainable technologies : A framework for analysing the governance of innovation systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Beech Tree Publishing. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 38:5, s. 403-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals related to sustainability. Yet, there are few systematic studies mapping out what types of governance are deployed and how they influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technological innovations. This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of governance in innovation systems aimed towards sustainability. The framework is based on the literatures on governance, technological innovation systems and socio-technical transitions. We foresee empirical studies based on the framework that may serve as a needed input into governance processes. © Beech Tree Publishing 2011.
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