| 11. |
- Hallonsten, Olof
(författare)
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Unpreparedness and risk in Big Science policy: Sweden and the European Spallation Source
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 42, s. 415-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The politics of European collaborative Big Science are inherently uncertain. The European Spallation Source (ESS) for materials science, planned to be built in Sweden with a collaborative European funding solution that was recently finalized is the most recent example. Sweden has so far invested around one billion SEK (&E110 million), taking a significant risk given these uncertainties and given Sweden’s complete lack of experience in hosting such big labs. Tracing the Swedish government’s investments in the ESS project, this article shows that so far, the Swedish ESS bid seems to be generally well funded, but that a long-term plan for the funding and a contingency plan for increased costs seem to be absent. This adds to the seeming unprepared- ness of Sweden and elevates the already quite high level of risk for Swedish science and science policy of investing in the ESS.
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| 12. |
- Hardeman, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing and comparing innovation systems by different 'modes' of knowledge production: A proximity approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 42:4, s. 530-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though the concept of innovation systems has become influential in both academia and policy-making, an analytical approach to understanding innovation systems is still lacking. In particular, there is no analytical framework to measure 'Mode 1' and 'Mode 2' knowledge production. We propose a framework based on the proximity concept. Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production are characterized by collaborations with cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity, and distance, respectively. Using a gravity model approach we apply our framework to the case of type 2 diabetes research and provide a characterization of the global innovation system and a comparative analysis of the North American and European innovation systems. Our main results hold that although collaborative research on type 2 diabetes generally follows a logic of proximity and hence is not characterized as Mode 2, important differences and similarities exist between the North American and European innovation systems.
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| 13. |
- Heimeriks, Gaston, et al.
(författare)
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How smart is specialisation? An analysis of specialisation patterns in knowledge production
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 43:4, s. 562-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand how the specialisation patterns of cities differ among scientific fields, we study patterns of knowledge production in Astrophysics, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Organic Chemistry in the period 1996-2012. Using keywords from journal publications, we find systematic differences across scientific fields, but remarkable similarities across cities within each field. Biotechnology shows a turbulent pattern with comparative advantages that are short lasting, and with few related topics are available for research locations. Astrophysics-and in later years Nanotechnology-show a pattern of stable rankings, comparative advantages that last longer, and many related topics potentially available for research locations. Organic Chemistry has an intermediate position. Thus, fields of knowledge production have fundamentally different characteristics that require different smart specialisation strategies taking into account the differences in accumulation and relatedness.
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| 14. |
- Hellström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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From thematic to organizational prioritization : The challenges of implementing RDI priorities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 44:5, s. 599-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While priority setting for research, development and innovation (RDI) traditionally focuses on which thematic areas should be supported, less is known about how such goals are implemented on the agency level. Key challenges are how to translate broad priorities into programs and projects, how to govern the knowledge base, and how to handle organizational tensions during implementation. Many of these challenges must be addressed by 'street-level' administrators and agency experts during implementation. We take these agency challenges to be of central concern for RDI policy implementation, and propose a process perspective on priority setting. We apply this perspective to a case study of the Swedish Energy Agency and highlight a number of insights such as the tension between existing organizational capabilities and new goals for research and innovation. We argue that these insights are particularly relevant to other research funders with a sectoral mandate, for example, health, defense, or agriculture.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Himmelsbach, Raffael
(författare)
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How scientists advising the European Commission on research priorities view climate engineering proposals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 45:1, s. 124-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to a growing body of research that studies how different societal actors view climate engineering (CE) in an effort to open up received framings and make them amenable to deliberations. CE is an umbrella term for different proposals of how to counteract global warming with technological means, some of which have sparked controversy. Drawing on fifteen interviews, the study explores how scientists who advise the European Commission on research funding priorities regarding climate change and sustainability view CE. They considered CE as treating the symptoms rather than the causes of climate change, as interfering in complex and unpredictable natural systems, and as engendering questions of distributive justice. They also stressed the complexity of governing climate change and expressed support for basic CE research. The concluding discussion dwells on the implications of foresight, the division of labor in research governance, and the challenge of poverty for governing technologies in the service of climate action.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Langfeldt, Liv, et al.
(författare)
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Excellence and growth dynamics: A comparative study of the Matthew effect
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 42:5, s. 661-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past two decades, centres of excellence (CoE) and other ‘research excellence initiatives’ likely to increase the cumulative advantages and stratification of science, have been implemented in many countries. Based on empirical studies of CoE in four Nordic countries, this paper examines how the resources provided by CoE schemes (generous long-term funding, prestige and visibility) add to the success and growth dynamics of the CoE. The data indicate a modified Matthew effect with ceilings and limits avoiding excessive accumulation of resources. Important impacts of the CoE are found, in particular in terms of enabling more interdisciplinary collaboration and risk-taking and enhancing international recruitment to the research areas involved. But, in contrast to what might be expected, the CoE grant seem to add less to the relative citation rate of those already performing at the highest level, than for those performing at a somewhat lower level prior to the CoE grant.
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| 20. |
- Liu, Xielin, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond catch-up-can a new innovation policy help China overcome the middle income trap?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 44:5, s. 656-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since it embarked on its economic opening and reform path in the late 1970s, the Chinese government has assigned a central role to science, technology and innovation for the country's economic development. In the phase of 'economic catch-up', China has pursued a top-down innovation policy, characterized by targeted investments in science and technology. Recently, a significant shift in China's innovation policy can be discerned, with government increasingly acknowledging the importance of markets, private enterprises and favorable institutional conditions as determinants of a well-functioning innovation system. This shift is concurrent with the realization that the transition from middle- to high-income country, and hence the avoidance of the 'middle income' trap, might require different innovation policies than in the past. In this article, we analyze and assess China's initial innovation policy as well as its emerging reorientation. Finally, we identify some remaining challenges in China's efforts to escape the middle income trap.
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