| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Grundemar, L, et al.
(författare)
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Long-lasting inhibition of the cardiovascular responses to glutamate and the baroreceptor reflex elicited by neuropeptide Y injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat
- 1991
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 122:1, s. 135-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) microinjected unilaterally into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of anesthetized paralyzed rats elicits a gradual dose-dependent and reversible fall in arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) lasting 20 min. It also abolished the brief (less than 1 min) dose-dependent and reversible fall of AP and HR elicited by L-glutamate (L-Glu) injected into the nucleus. The blockade of L-Glu by NPY appeared gradually and was prolonged, lasting over 2 h, and recovering by 24 h. It was not replicated by desamido-NPY or galanin. Unlike 2% lidocaine it did not block the hypotension elicited by focal electrical stimulation at the injection site indicating the response was not that of a local anesthetic. Bilateral injection of NPY into the NTS resulted, after an initial fall, in an elevation of AP (+48 +/- 10.6 mmHg). At this time the reflex bradycardia evoked by elevating AP with phenylephrine was markedly reduced. We conclude that in the NTS, NPY antagonizes the actions of L-Glu and may attenuate baroreceptor reflexes. Since the NTS is richly innervated by NPY neurons and contains many NPY binding sites and since primary baroreceptor afferents appear to be glutamatergic the results suggested that NPY may serve in NTS as a long-term regulator of baroreceptor reflex activity.
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| 13. |
- Hardebo, Jan Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Origins of substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in the internal carotid artery of rat
- 1989
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 101:1, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An aggregation of substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerve cells (internal carotid mini-ganglion) is described at the junction between the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the internal carotid nerve close to the internal carotid artery. A retrograde tracer dye technique demonstrates that this ganglion and the trigeminal and superior vagal ganglia supply the internal carotid artery with SP/CGRP fibers at, above and below this level, respectively. Implications of this finding for cranial painful syndromes in man are discussed.
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| 14. |
- Holmqvist, Bo I., et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide synthase in the brain of a teleost
- 1994
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 171:1-2, s. 205-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence and distribution of the nitric oxide (NO) converting enzyme, NO synthase (NOS), was investigated in the brain of a teleost, the Atlantic salmon. Both NOS immunoreactive and NADPH diaphorase positive, non-neuronal and neuronal cell bodies, fibers and putative nerve terminals were identified throughout the brain. Even so, the staining was not identical in all regions. NO, synthesized by NOS-like enzymes, may play an important role in a diversity of cellular mechanisms in the brain of the salmon, including in neural systems related to olfactory, visual, hypophysiotrophic, viscero-sensoric and motor functions.
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| 15. |
- Hornfelt, M., et al.
(författare)
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Upregulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 correlates with apoptosis in mouse superior cervical and dorsal root ganglia neurons
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 265:2, s. 87-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in apoptosis of adult mouse superior cervical and dorsal root ganglia neurons has been investigated by the use of immunohistochemistry for cPLA2 and DNA nick-end labeling for apoptotic cells, respectively, cPLA2 immunoreactivity was strongly upregulated in neurons of both preparations during in vitro culturing. By double labeling it was unequivocally demonstrated that cPLA2 was present and upregulated only in neurons undergoing apoptosis. A similar picture emerged when cPLA2 immunoreactivity was compared with staining with Fluoro-Jade, a novel fluorochrome marker for neuronal degeneration. The preferential presence of cPLA2 in apoptotic and degenerating cells suggests that the enzyme is important for some mechanism involved in or intimately coupled to neuronal cell death.
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| 16. |
- Hou, Mingyan, et al.
(författare)
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Capsaicin receptor immunoreactivity in the human trigeminal ganglion.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 330:3, s. 223-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cloned capsaicin receptor, also known as vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1) receptor, has been demonstrated to be an integral membrane protein with homology to a family of putative store-operated calcium channels. The VR1 receptor is activated not only by capsaicin but also by noxious heat and protons, and therefore it is suggested as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit pain. In the present study, indirect immunofluorescence detected a small number of neurons that are VR1 receptor immunoreactive (ir) (171 versus 1038 or 16% of all neuronal cell bodies) in the human trigeminal ganglion (TG). In addition, RT-PCR confirmed the presence of VR1 mRNA in the human TG. It has been hypothesized that TG neuronal cell bodies are the source of capsaicin-stimulated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and hence co-localization experiments were performed. Around 10% of the VR1 receptor-ir is expressed on neurons that contain CGRP-ir (ten among 74) in the human TG, indicating that capsaicin may act through the VR1 receptor to modulate the release of CGRP and in turn to modulate pain. We observed that 8% of the VR1 receptor-ir neuronal cell bodies contain substance P-ir and 5% nitric oxide synthase. Capsaicin can release nitric oxide, CGRP and substance P from sensory nerves and contribute to central sensitization.
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| 17. |
- Johansson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Increased frequency of a new polymorphism in the cycle 2 (cdc2) gene in patients with Alzheimer's disease frontotemporal dementia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 340:1, s. 69-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies show linkage between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two loci on chromosome 10. The cell division cycle 2 (cdc2) gene is located close to one of the chromosome 10 markers, and is a candidate gene for AD since it is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. We sequenced coding exons and flanking intronic sequences and the promoter region on the cdc2 gene and found three new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We analyzed 272 Caucasian AD cases, 160 controls and 70 cases with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) for these SNPs. Homozygosity for one of the SNPs (Ex6 + 7I/D) was more frequent in both AD and FTD cases than in controls. In the combined tauopathy (AD and FTD) group the odds ratio (OR) was 1.77 (95% CI 1.19-2.63) for the Ex6 + 7II genotype. Our findings suggest that the Ex6 + 7I allele is associated with tauopathies, both AD and FrD. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Kokaia, Zaal, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in GABA(B) receptor immunoreactivity after recurrent seizures in rats
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 315:1-2, s. 85-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GABA(B) receptors play an important role in the excitability of neuronal networks and can influence seizure activity. Here we demonstrate for the first time that kindling, an animal model for human temporal lobe epilepsy, leads to both early and delayed changes of GABA(B) receptor immunoreactivity in hippocampal and cortical areas. We propose that the altered GABA(B) receptor levels might be a compensatory mechanism to reduce excitability induced by recurrent kindled seizures, or alternatively, may promote the development of kindled epilepsy.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Desensitization of acetylcholine induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells following repetitive acetylcholine stimulations
- 1993
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940. ; 150:2, s. 141-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the desensitization of acetylcholine-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [I(1,4,5)P3] formation, upon short-time prestimulations, was investigated in cultures of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Four repeated stimulations for 10 seconds with 10 microM acetylcholine were necessary to induce a desensitization of the I(1,4,5)P3 formation. The desensitization was observed 4 hours after the initiation of repetitive stimulations. The same effect was obtained by a single prestimulation with 1 mM acetylcholine. Preincubation of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) markedly down-regulated the acetylcholine-induced I(1,4,5)P3 formation. However, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors H7 and staurosporine did not influence the desensitization induced by four repeated stimulations with 20 microM acetylcholine. These results indicate that the signal transduction can be desensitized following repeated stimulations with sub-maximal concentrations of receptor agonist and although activation of PKC can induce the same down-regulation, PKC is most likely not involved in the desensitization induced by repetitive acetylcholine-stimulations.
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| 20. |
- Lillesaar, Christina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Rat tooth pulp cells elicit neurite growth from trigeminal neurones and express mRNAs for neurotrophic factors in vitro
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 308:3, s. 161-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular factors control the developmental ingrowth of axons to the tooth pulp. Here we examine the ability of pulpal cells to induce neurite outgrowth from neonatal rat trigeminal neurones (TGNs) in vitro. We found that TGNs emitted neurites and formed networks of branches in relation to pulpal cells. Neurones co-cultured with a mixture of pulpal cells and 3T3 fibroblasts formed networks exclusively in relation to the pulpal cells. Cultivated pulpal cells and pulpal tissue produced mRNAs for all neurotrophins and members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family. Hence, rat pulpal cells have neuritogenic effects on single TGNs in vitro, that may be associated with secretion of neurotrophic factors.
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