| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Aristocratic Wealth and Inequality in a Changing Society: Sweden, 1750–1900
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7716 .- 0346-8755. ; 44:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of Europe’s economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as the country evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was markedly dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of all private wealth. 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. By 1900 the advantage of the nobles’ wealth had declined; the group held only 5 per cent of total private wealth. At the same time, stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. One group of super-rich Swedish nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, possessed the biggest fortunes, but a large minority of nobles were no richer than the average Swede.
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| 12. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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ARISTOCRATIC WEALTH AND INEQUALITY IN A CHANGING SOCIETY: SWEDEN, 1750–1900
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Routledge. - 0346-8755. ; 44:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of Europe’s economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as the country evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was markedly dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of all private wealth. 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. By 1900 the advantage of the nobles’ wealth had declined; the group held only 5 per cent of total private wealth. At the same time, stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. One group of super-rich Swedish nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, possessed the biggest fortunes, but a large minority of nobles were no richer than the average Swede.
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| 13. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Peasant aristocrats? Wealth, social status and the politics of Swedish farmer parliamentarians 1769–1895
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7716 .- 0346-8755. ; 45:5, s. 573-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden was unique in early modern Europe, in that its parliament included a peasant farmer estate. It is commonplace in Swedish and international research to consider the peasant farmer politicians as guarantors of a liberal and egalitarian path of development. In the Swedish-language literature on political history, these people are often seen as rather narrow-minded, their common political programme limited to the issue of keeping (their own) taxes as low as possible and opposed to any expansion of social policy and citizenship rights. To revisit the role of peasant parliamentarians, this paper presents a novel dataset of their social and economic status, with benchmarks for the 1769, 1809, 1840, 1865 and 1895 parliaments. We show that the politicians were normally three to four times wealthier than their electorate, in the 1895 parliament even seven to eight times wealthier. They were more likely to take bourgeois surnames and their children were likely to move out of the peasant class and into the middle class. The exclusiveness of the peasant politicians, which increased over the nineteenth century, has implications for their policies and helps explain the increasing conservatism and rightward drift of Swedish farmer politics over the century.
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| 14. |
- Berg, Anne, 1981-
(författare)
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Gendered democratic experiences? : Men and women in workers' organizations in mid–19th-century Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 45:4, s. 457-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the democratic experiences of men and women engaged in early workers’ organizations in Sweden in the mid–19th-century. The source materials were membership criteria for over 120 organizations and manuscripts from four workers’ organizations. The article shows that engagement in the early workers’ movement in Sweden was gendered. All organizations were open to men, but women’s opportunities were limited. In addition, the democratic experiences of men and women in gender-mixed associations were somewhat different. Men were more likely than women to hold administrative positions. For that reason, the story of the association’s function in stimulating democratization should be rewritten as a historical process that politically and economically marginalized men and women entered on different premises and at different stages during the 19th century.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Berglund, Louise, 1966-
(författare)
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A Medieval Heroine for the Modern Woman : The Fredrika Bremer Association writes women’s history (c. 1859–1916)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 42:1, s. 46-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the history writing of the early liberal women’s movement in Sweden, in the Fredrika Bremer Association’s journals such as Tidskrift för hemmet and Dagny. Prominent members of the movement sought to create a new history, by women and for women, and to create a pantheon of foremothers and examples for the modern woman. Medieval women were particularly favoured as they could be described in ways that harmonized well with the overall objectives of the liberal women’s movement and with the self-images of these early feminists. Thus, individuals such as Saint Birgitta and Queen Philippa were given heroine’s portraits and presented as carriers of ideal characteristics. This was a means of positioning themselves and of proving that women were fit to rule and to take active part in political and social life.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bertilsson, Fredrik, 1978-
(författare)
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The Swedish Defence Research Establishment (FOA) and the influence of historical knowledge on Swedish civil resistance policy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 46:4, s. 550-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish defence research played a significant part in the development of the Swedish Total Defence. This article seeks to modify the bias of previous historical studies of the Swedish National Defence Research Establishment (FOA) that has been focusing on the natural sciences, technology, industrial relationships, and the development of weapons system. The article explores the use of knowledge that is commonly associated with the humanities. More specifically, it examines the use and impact of historical knowledge in relation to the efforts of establishing a Swedish civil resistance policy between the early 1970s and the early 1990s. However, instrumental advice could not be developed based on knowledge about the past. Historical knowledge rather supported conceptual development and learning. It was part of public information campaigns and the education of civil servants. It also addressed central security and defence objectives of the Swedish government. The engagement with civil resistance provided FOA with an additional arena for influencing policy that would potentially concern a large part of the Swedish population.
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| 20. |
- Biltekin, Nevra
(författare)
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Migrating Women and Transnational Relations : Swedish-American Connections since the 1920s
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 46:4, s. 531-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the ways in which Swedish and Swedish-American women in the United States have maintained transnational connections with Sweden. Empirically, the article details the organizational profiles and activities of two associations: the American Daughters of Sweden, founded in 1926, and the Swedish Women’s Educational Association, formed in 1979. By studying the post-mass migration period, the article provides new insight into an era that has received little attention in Swedish-American scholarship. The study shows that women actively engaged in, and vigorously nurtured cultural, social and business-related contacts with Sweden. By establishing these transnational connections, women became prominent actors in upholding and redefining Swedish-American relations.
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