| 21. |
- Grafström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Diverging or converging technology capabilities in the European Union?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Nature. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing debate among economists regarding the presence of economic convergence or divergence has been reignited. This paper aims to dissect the extent of technological divergence or convergence among European Union member states, evaluating the effectiveness of the EU's pronounced goals for convergence. Defining a countries technological level is not straightforward, this study examines six key indicators: (a) scientific journal publications, (b) total patents, (c) high tech exports, (d) Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, (e) government budget on R&D, and (f) human resources in science and technology as a share of the active population. Employing both time-series and longitudinal methodologies, the analysis spans from 2000 to 2019. The findings reveal a gradual catching-up trend in the inventive capabilities across the EU. This modest pace of convergence necessitates a critical reassessment by policymakers of the current EU convergence strategies to ensure they effectively foster technological parity among member states.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ibáñez, María J., et al.
(författare)
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Digital social entrepreneurship : the N-Helix response to stakeholders’ COVID-19 needs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 47:2, s. 556-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the emergence of a new entrepreneurship phenomenon (digital social entrepreneurship) as a result of the collaboration among many agents (N-Helix), given the government’s limited capacity to respond to the stakeholders’ needs satisfaction related to an exogenous event (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Our theory development is based on three ongoing academic debates related to (a) the unrepresentativeness of the stakeholder theory in entrepreneurship research; (b) the emergence of digital social entrepreneurship (DSE) as a bridge between stakeholders’ needs, socio-economic actors, and digital-social initiatives; and (c) the role of N-Helix collaborations to facilitate the emergence of global knowledge-intensive initiatives and the rapid adoptions of open innovations. Our results support our assumptions about the positive mediation effect of DSE in the relationship between N-Helix collaborations and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Notably, results show how pandemic has intensified these relationships and how DSE in N-Helix collaborations can generate social impacts globally. Some implications for policy-makers have emerged from our results that should be considered during/post-COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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'The strength of strong ties': University spin-offs and the significance of historical relations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 30, s. 271-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the relationship between universities and academic spin-offs, with special emphasis on the antecedent conditions of, and the nature of the linkages that the spin-offs form, as well as the means for sustaining them. The present research uses an instrumental case study approach, and is also an instance of a collective case study as four companies of various size and activities have been studied together. The preliminary results indicate that the network relations are characterized by a small number of strong ties to universities, with a high degree of trust and informality. Although fruitful for the transfer of complex knowledge, the strength of the ties also make them difficult to substitute, which may lead to problems as the spin-offs are highly dependent on continued basic research support. This may in turn lead to implications for policy at university, as well as higher levels
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| 25. |
- Kariv, Dafna, et al.
(författare)
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Process innovation is technology transfer too! How entrepreneurial businesses manage product and process innovation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expanding upon Mansfield's framework (In: R&D, patents, and productivity. University of Chicago Press, pp 127–154, 1984; Am Econ Rev 78(2):223–228, 1988), this study seeks to unravel the foundational drivers influencing product and process innovation. Addressing the prevailing bias in research towards product innovation, tis study aims at highlighting the imperative role of process innovation in enhancing business competitiveness. In our study encompassing 509 entrepreneurs from Quebec, we used mixed methods to explore stakeholder relationship strategies—differentiated by bridging and buffering—and growth aspirations, as innovation drivers. Findings show that implementing bridging strategies, marked by expanded external connections and collaboration, stimulates both product and process innovation. However, the pursuit of process innovation concurrently attracts buffering strategies, entailing stringent secrecy and limited transparency to uphold the business independence. Our findings prove the business vulnerability when developing process innovation. Moreover, our study illuminates the pivotal role of growth aspirations in steering innovation, manifested in either collaborative (bridging) or protective (buffering) approaches, providing novel insights into the prevailing forces driving innovation. Our research contributes to current research by revealing the pivotal role of process innovation in shaping the innovation landscape. Elucidating innovation drivers enhances our understanding of the multifaceted dynamics fostering both product and process innovation, providing a framework for future investigations.
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| 26. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation strategies of firms : What strategies and why?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 41:6, s. 1483-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes various innovation strategies of firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a 10-year period, i.e. between 2002 and 2012. We distinguish between sixteen innovation strategies, which compose of Schumpeterian four types of innovations (process, product, marketing, and organizational) plus various combinations of these four types. First, we find that firms are not homogenous in choosing innovation strategies, instead, they have a wide range of preferences when it comes to innovation strategy and some of the innovation strategies are "commonly" used among firms. Second, using Transition Probability Matrix, we found that firms also persist to have such a diverse innovation strategy preferences. Finally, using Multinomial Logit model, we explained the determinant of each and every innovation strategies, while we gave special attention to the commonly used innovation strategies among firms.
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Start-ups among university employees : The influence of legitimacy, human capital and social capital
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 37:3, s. 297-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 7,260 university employees, we investigate how legitimacy, social and human capital influence the employees’ start-up propensity. We find that scientific legitimacy, as measured by the number of recently published peer reviewed scientific articles, and conference papers accepted had no significant effect. Scientific legitimacy measured as publications in non-peer review journals even had a negative effect. Popular legitimacy showed mixed results. Measured as number of articles in popular science publications showed positive correlations and other public media appearances had a non significant effect on start-up propensity. Individuals who are older and have higher level of human capital, measured as level of education are less likely to start firms. We also found that, people with more social capital, such as contact with external product development teams are more likely to start new firms. Taken together, the findings suggest that activities spanning the university-business divide increase the start-up propensity, while within university activities had no, or negative effects on the propensity. Consequently, universities interested in encouraging their employees to start firms should focus their attention on creating spanning activities rather than improving conditions for within university tenure.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Klofsten, Magnus, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching science and technology PhD students in entrepreneurship‑potential learning opportunities and outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 46, s. 319-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst doctoral students comprise a large group of researchers at a university and will potentially play important roles in the utilization and transfer of research results, prior research studies have paid little attention to the effect of entrepreneurship education on PhD students with a science and technology orientation. This paper seeks to address this gap in knowledge and examines four key elements in the design and evolution of good practice in entrepreneurship education for this group of students: (1) learning tools, (2) inspiration, (3) interdisciplinarity, and (4) boundary spanning networks. The paper illustrates the importance of identifying the balance between theory and practice that will attract students from across the spectrum of science and technology fields. It also shows that a hands-on experimental methodology is an effective pedagogical strategy that uses learning by doing as an essential tool in problem solving.
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| 30. |
- Kohn Rådberg, Kamilla, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a knowledge ecosystem for large-scale research infrastructure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 48:1, s. 441-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale research infrastructures (RIs), such as MAX IV and European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden, are considered critical for advancing science and addressing social challenges. These research facilities are central to research, innovation, and education; in playing a key role in developing and disseminating knowledge and technology. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework of a knowledge ecosystem for large-scale RIs. The study is explorative, with primary data from 13 interviews with key informants from different stakeholders in academia, industry, and policy. Secondary data were obtained from reports from national agencies that develop and operate research facilities and from industrial and regional governmental reports, internal reports, newsletters, and information from the facilities’ websites. We find that academia, industry, and policy, together with four themes, have an effect on the value proposition of these facilities, on geographical distances (nodes), catalysts, platforms, and hubs. Therefore, they will affect the structure and design of a knowledge ecosystem. Our framework explains knowledge ecosystem structure and design.
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