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| 13. |
- Iliadis, Stavros I, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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1843 – Depression in the peripartum period in association with salivary cortisol levels
- 2013
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 28:Supplement 1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionThe Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA axis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many affective disorders. Peripartum depression is a condition that includes depressive episodes occurring during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During uncomplicated pregnancy, mean cortisol levels rise substantially, mostly due to high levels of corticotropin releasing hormone produced by the placenta (p-CRH). The latter also suppresses hypothalamic CRH, leading to hypo-cortisolemia after partus. Cortisol concentration is usually normalised within two weeks after delivery. Failure of the above process results in continuing hypo-cortisolemia, which might increase susceptibility to PPD.Objectives/aimsThe current study aims to investigate the relationship between evening salivary cortisol levels and depression during the peripartum period.MethodsThree hundred and forty six pregnant women were asked to participate in the study. They completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State version (STAI-S) at the 36th week of pregnancy and the 6th week after delivery. At both times, study subjects were also asked to collect evening salivary samples by using a mail-delivered kit. Moreover, they were interviewed at the 36th week of pregnancy using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).ResultsPreliminary results indicate significantly higher evening salivary cortisol levels in depressed women during late pregnancy compared to healthy controls. No difference in cortisol levels was found between women with postpartum depression and healthy controls.ConclusionsOur study results support the hypothesis that depression during pregnancy resembles melancholic depression characterized by hyperactivity of the HPA-axis and hyper-cortisolemia.
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- Kluge, U, et al.
(författare)
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Health services and the treatment of immigrants : data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 27:Suppl 2, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The number of immigrants using health services has increased across Europe. For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, information is required on how many immigrants use services, what interpreting services are provided and whether staff members are from immigrant groups.METHODS:Structured interviews were conducted with 15 health services (9 primary care, 3 emergency departments, 3 mental health) located in areas with high immigrant populations in each of 16 European countries (n=240). Responses were collected on the availability of data on service use by immigrant patients, the provision of interpreting services and immigrant staff members.RESULTS:Data on service use by immigrants were recorded by only 15% of services. More than 40% of services did not provide any form of interpreting service and 54% of the services reported having no immigrant staff. Mental health services were more likely to use direct interpreting services, and both mental health and emergency services were more likely to have immigrant staff members.DISCUSSION:For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, there is a need to improve the availability of data on service use by immigrants in health services throughout Europe and to provide more consistent access to interpreting services.
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| 18. |
- Koulouris, Petros, et al.
(författare)
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1546 – Personality traits and postpartum depression: results from basic study in sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 28:Supplement 1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD), with a prevalence of about 10-15% in developed countries, has a major impact on both mother and child. Personality traits, mainly neuroticism, have been associated with affective disorders and in particular postpartum depression.ObjectivesTo examine if neuroticism is associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy and post-partum, controlling for possible confounding factors.MethodsSince September 2009, all pregnant women in Uppsala, Sweden have been asked to participate in BASIC study, which is a population based, prospective study on mental health during pregnancy and post-partum. Women filled in the Swedish Scales of Personality (SSP), as well as the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy week 32. EPDS was also administered 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. A factor analysis of SSP traits was conducted in our material and the three factor structure comprising neuroticism, aggressiveness and sensation seeking was confirmed. The association between personality traits and depressive symptoms was examined using binary logistic regression. High levels of neuroticism, aggressiveness and sensation seeking were defined as the highest quartile of each factor.ResultsHigh levels of neuroticism were strongly associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy as well as at 6 weeks and 6 months post-partum, while aggressiveness and sensation seeking were not. After controlling for confounding factors, such as previous history of depression, employment, education, partner support and breastfeeding, neuroticism remained a significant predictor for depressive symptoms, at all three time-points.ConclusionsNeuroticism is an independent strong predictor of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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| 19. |
- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Mesoscopic Brain Dynamics and Mental Disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Psychiatry. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 26, s. 2225-2225
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesoscopic brain dynamics, typically studied with electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG), display a rich complexity of oscillatory and chaotic-like states, including many different frequencies, amplitudes and phases. Presumably, these different dynamical states correspond to different mental states and functions, and studying transitions between such states could provide valuable insights into brain–mind relations that should also be of clinical interest. We use computational methods to investigate these transitions, with the objective of finding relations between structure, dynamics, and function. In particular, we have developed models of paleo- and neocortical structures, in order to study their mesoscopic neurodynamics, as a link between the microscopic neuronal and macroscopic mental events and processes. I will describe several types of models that emphasize network connectivity and structure, but which also include molecular and cellular properties at varying detail, depending on the particular problem and experimental data available. We use these models to study how phase transitions can be induced in the mesoscopic neurodynamics of cortical networks by internal (natural) and external (artificial) factors. I will discuss the models, and relate the simulation results to macroscopic phenomena, such as arousal, attention, anaesthesia, learning, and certain mental disorders
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