| 41. |
- Topgaard, Daniel
(författare)
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Diffusion tensor distribution imaging
- 2019
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 32:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional diffusion MRI yields voxel-averaged parameters that suffer from ambiguities for heterogeneous anisotropic materials such as brain tissue. Using principles from solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we have previously introduced the shape of the diffusion encoding tensor as a separate acquisition dimension that disentangles isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the observed diffusivities, thereby allowing for unconstrained data inversion into diffusion tensor distributions with “size,” “shape,” and orientation dimensions. Here we combine our recent non-parametric data inversion algorithm and data acquisition protocol with an imaging pulse sequence to demonstrate spatial mapping of diffusion tensor distributions using a previously developed composite phantom with multiple isotropic and anisotropic components. We propose a compact format for visualizing two-dimensional arrays of the distributions, new scalar parameters quantifying intra-voxel heterogeneity, and a binning procedure giving maps of all relevant parameters for each of the components resolved in the multidimensional distribution space.
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| 42. |
- Torres, Alejandra N, et al.
(författare)
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Positional and compositional analysis of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adipose tissue triglyceride by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance
- 2023
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 36:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and turnover of triglyceride in adipose tissue involves enzymes with preferences for specific fatty acid classes and/or regioselectivity regarding the fatty acid position within the glycerol moiety. The focus of the current study was to characterize both the composition of fatty acids and their positional distribution in triglycerides of biopsied human subcutaneous adipose tissue, from subjects with wide ranges of body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity, using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The triglyceride sn2 position was significantly more enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids compared with that of sn1,3, while the abundance of saturated fatty acids was significantly lower in the sn2 position compared with that of sn1,3. Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the total fraction of palmitoleic acid with both BMI and insulin sensitivity scores (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index). Additionally, we established that 13 C NMR chemical shifts for ω-3 signals, centered at 31.9 ppm, provided superior resolution of the most abundant fatty acid species, including palmitoleate, compared with the ω-2 signals that were used previously. 13 C NMR spectroscopy reveals for the first time a highly nonhomogenous distribution of fatty acids in the glycerol sites of human adipose tissue triglyceride, and that these distributions are correlated with different phenotypes, such as BMI and insulin sensitivity.
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| 43. |
- Ulloa, Jose L, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of gadoxetate DCE-MRI as a biomarker of hepatobiliary transporter inhibition
- 2013
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 26:10, s. 1258-1270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a clinically important adverse drug reaction, which prevents the development of many otherwise safe and effective new drugs. Currently, there is a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers that can be used to predict, assess and manage this toxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate gadoxetate-enhanced MRI as a potential novel biomarker of hepatobiliary transporter inhibition in the rat. Initially, the volume fraction of extracellular space in the liver was determined using gadopentetate to enable an estimation of the gadoxetate concentration in hepatocytes. Using this information, a compartmental model was developed to characterise the pharmacokinetics of hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of gadoxetate. Subsequently, we explored the impact of an investigational hepatobiliary transporter inhibitor on the parameters of the model in vivo in rats. The investigational hepatobiliary transporter inhibitor reduced both the rate of uptake of gadoxetate into the hepatocyte, k 1 , and the Michaelis-Menten constant, V max , characterising its excretion into bile, whereas K M values for biliary efflux were increased. These effects were dose dependent and correlated with effects on plasma chemistry markers of liver dysfunction, in particular bilirubin and bile acids. These results indicate that gadoxetate-enhanced MRI provides a novel functional biomarker of inhibition of transporter-mediated hepatic uptake and clearance in the rat. Since gadoxetate is used clinically, the technology has the potential to provide a translatable biomarker of drug-induced perturbation of hepatic transporters that may also be useful in humans to explore deleterious functional alterations caused by transporter inhibition. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 44. |
- Weis, Jan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus MRS of healthy human spleen.
- 2022
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 35:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (31 P-) MRS in vivo enables detection and quantification of important phosphorus-containing metabolites in biological tissues. 31 P-MRS of the normal spleen is challenging due to the relatively small volume and the larger distance between the spleen and surface coil. However, reference spectra of the healthy spleen are invaluable in studies of splenic malignancies and benign causes of splenomegaly, as well as in the study of its physiology. The purpose of this work was to investigate the feasibility of localized 31 P-MRS of healthy spleen in situ in a clinically acceptable measurement time using a clinical 3 T MR scanner. In this work, 31 P spectra of five healthy volunteers were measured using single-voxel image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS). The measurement sequence was augmented by broadband proton decoupling and nuclear Overhauser effect enhancement. It is demonstrated that localized 31 P-MRS of the spleen in situ using single-voxel ISIS is feasible on a clinical 3 T scanner in a clinically acceptable acquisition time. However, results have to be corrected for the transmitter excitation profile, and chemical shift displacement errors need to be taken into consideration during placement of the volume of interest. Results presented here could be used as a reference in future studies of splenomegaly caused by haematological malignancies.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Wiggermann, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo investigation of the multi‐exponential T2 decay in human white matter at 7 T: Implications for myelin water imaging at UHF
- 2021
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 34:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionMulti‐component T2 mapping using a gradient‐ and spin‐echo (GraSE) acquisition has become standard for myelin water imaging at 3 T. Higher magnetic field strengths promise signal‐to‐noise ratio benefits but face specific absorption rate limits and shortened T2 times. This study investigates compartmental T2 times in vivo and addresses advantages and challenges of multi‐component T2 mapping at 7 T.MethodsWe acquired 3D multi‐echo GraSE data in seven healthy adults at 7 T, with three subjects also scanned at 3 T. Stimulated echoes arising from B1+ inhomogeneities were accounted for by the extended phase graph (EPG) algorithm. We used the computed T2 distributions to determine T2 times that identify different water pools and assessed signal‐to‐noise and fit‐to‐noise characteristics of the signal estimation. We compared short T2 fractions and T2 properties of the intermediate water pool at 3 T and 7 T.ResultsFlip angle mapping confirmed that EPG accurately determined the larger B1+ inhomogeneity at 7 T. Multi‐component T2 analysis demonstrated shortened T2 times at 7 T compared with 3 T. Fit‐to‐noise and signal‐to‐noise ratios were improved at 7 T but depended on B1+ homogeneity. Adjusting the shortest T2 to 8 ms and the T2 threshold that separates different water compartments to 20 ms yielded short T2 fractions at 7 T that conformed to 3 T data. Short T2 fractions in myelin‐rich white matter regions were lower at 7 T than at 3 T, and higher in iron‐rich structures.DiscussionAdjusting the T2 compartment boundaries was required due to the shorter T2 relaxation times at 7 T. Shorter echo spacing would better sample the fast decaying signal but would increase peripheral nerve stimulation. Multi‐channel transmission will improve T2 measurements at 7 T.ConclusionWe used a multi‐echo 3D GraSE sequence to characterize the multi‐exponential T2 decay at 7 T. We adapted T2 parameters for evaluation of the short T2 fraction. Obtained 7 T multi‐component T2 maps were in good agreement with 3 T data.
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| 47. |
- Wiggermann, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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Non-negative least squares computation for in vivo myelin mapping using simulated multi-echo spin-echo T2 decay data
- 2020
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 33:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi‐compartment T2 mapping has gained particular relevance for the study of myelin water in the brain. As a facilitator of rapid saltatory axonal signal transmission, myelin is a cornerstone indicator of white matter development and function. Regularized non‐negative least squares fitting of multi‐echo T2 data has been widely employed for the computation of the myelin water fraction (MWF), and the obtained MWF maps have been histopathologically validated. MWF measurements depend upon the quality of the data acquisition, B1+ homogeneity and a range of fitting parameters. In this special issue article, we discuss the relevance of these factors for the accurate computation of multi‐compartment T2 and MWF maps. We generated multi‐echo spin‐echo T2 decay curves following the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill approach for various myelin concentrations and myelin T2 scenarios by simulating the evolution of the magnetization vector between echoes based on the Bloch equations. We demonstrated that noise and imperfect refocusing flip angles yield systematic underestimations in MWF and intra−/extracellular water geometric mean T2 (gmT2). MWF estimates were more stable than myelin water gmT2 time across different settings of the T2 analysis. We observed that the lower limit of the T2 distribution grid should be slightly shorter than TE1. Both TE1 and the acquisition echo spacing also have to be sufficiently short to capture the rapidly decaying myelin water T2 signal. Among all parameters of interest, the estimated MWF and intra−/extracellular water gmT2 differed by approximately 0.13–4 percentage points and 3–4 ms, respectively, from the true values, with larger deviations observed in the presence of greater B1+ inhomogeneities and at lower signal‐to‐noise ratio. Tailoring acquisition strategies may allow us to better characterize the T2 distribution, including the myelin water, in vivo.
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| 48. |
- Yon, Maxime, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion tensor distribution imaging of an in vivo mouse brain at ultrahigh magnetic field by spatiotemporal encoding
- 2020
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 33:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusion tensor distribution (DTD) imaging builds on principles from diffusion, solid-state and low-field NMR spectroscopies, to quantify the contents of heterogeneous voxels as nonparametric distributions, with tensor “size”, “shape” and orientation having direct relations to corresponding microstructural properties of biological tissues. The approach requires the acquisition of multiple images as a function of the magnitude, shape and direction of the diffusion-encoding gradients, leading to long acquisition times unless fast image read-out techniques like EPI are employed. While in previous in vivo human brain studies performed at 3 T this proved a viable option, porting these measurements to very high magnetic fields and/or to heterogeneous organs induces B0- and B1-inhomogeneity artifacts that challenge the limits of EPI. To overcome such challenges, we demonstrate here that high spatial resolution DTD of mouse brain can be carried out at 15.2 T with a surface-cryoprobe, by relying on SPatiotemporal ENcoding (SPEN) imaging sequences. These new acquisition and data-processing protocols are demonstrated with measurements on in vivo mouse brain, and validated with synthetic phantoms designed to mimic the diffusion properties of white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid. While still in need of full extensions to 3D mappings and of scanning additional animals to extract more general physiological conclusions, this work represents another step towards the model-free, noninvasive in vivo characterization of tissue microstructure and heterogeneity in animal models, at ≈0.1 mm resolutions.
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| 49. |
- Zufiria, Blanca, et al.
(författare)
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A feature-based convolutional neural network for reconstruction of interventional MRI
- 2019
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time interventional MRI (I-MRI) could help to visualize the position of the interventional feature, thus improving patient outcomes in MR-guided neurosurgery. In particular, in deep brain stimulation, real-time visualization of the intervention procedure using I-MRI could improve the accuracy of the electrode placement. However, the requirements of a high undersampling rate and fast reconstruction speed for real-time imaging pose a great challenge for reconstruction of the interventional images. Based on recent advances in deep learning (DL), we proposed a feature-based convolutional neural network (FbCNN) for reconstructing interventional images from golden-angle radially sampled data. The method was composed of two stages: (a) reconstruction of the interventional feature and (b) feature refinement and postprocessing. With only five radially sampled spokes, the interventional feature was reconstructed with a cascade CNN. The final interventional image was constructed with a refined feature and a fully sampled reference image. With a comparison of traditional reconstruction techniques and recent DL-based methods, it was shown that only FbCNN could reconstruct the interventional feature and the final interventional image. With a reconstruction time of ~ 500 ms per frame and an acceleration factor of ~ 80, it was demonstrated that FbCNN had the potential for application in real-time I-MRI.
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| 50. |
- Ahlgren, André, et al.
(författare)
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Partial volume correction of brain perfusion estimates using the inherent signal data of time-resolved arterial spin labeling.
- 2014
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480. ; 27:9, s. 1112-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative perfusion MRI based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) is hampered by partial volume effects (PVEs), arising due to voxel signal cross-contamination between different compartments. To address this issue, several partial volume correction (PVC) methods have been presented. Most previous methods rely on segmentation of a high-resolution T1 -weighted morphological image volume that is coregistered to the low-resolution ASL data, making the result sensitive to errors in the segmentation and coregistration. In this work, we present a methodology for partial volume estimation and correction, using only low-resolution ASL data acquired with the QUASAR sequence. The methodology consists of a T1 -based segmentation method, with no spatial priors, and a modified PVC method based on linear regression. The presented approach thus avoids prior assumptions about the spatial distribution of brain compartments, while also avoiding coregistration between different image volumes. Simulations based on a digital phantom as well as in vivo measurements in 10 volunteers were used to assess the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. The simulation results indicated that QUASAR data can be used for robust partial volume estimation, and this was confirmed by the in vivo experiments. The proposed PVC method yielded probable perfusion maps, comparable to a reference method based on segmentation of a high-resolution morphological scan. Corrected gray matter (GM) perfusion was 47% higher than uncorrected values, suggesting a significant amount of PVEs in the data. Whereas the reference method failed to completely eliminate the dependence of perfusion estimates on the volume fraction, the novel approach produced GM perfusion values independent of GM volume fraction. The intra-subject coefficient of variation of corrected perfusion values was lowest for the proposed PVC method. As shown in this work, low-resolution partial volume estimation in connection with ASL perfusion estimation is feasible, and provides a promising tool for decoupling perfusion and tissue volume. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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