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21.
  • Dong, Huan-Ji, et al. (författare)
  • Reported Outcomes in Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment : An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 15, s. 2557-2576
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is considerable diversity of outcome selections and methodologies for handling the multiple outcomes across all systematic reviews (SRs) of Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IPT) due to the complexity. This diversity presents difficulties for healthcare decision makers. Better recommendations about how to select outcomes in SRs (with or without meta-analysis) are needed to explicitly demonstrate the effectiveness of IPT.Objective: This overview systematically collates the reported outcomes and measurements of IPT across published SRs and identifies the methodological characteristics. Additionally, we provide some suggestions on framing the selection of outcomes and on conducting SRs of IPT.Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos) and the PROSPERO registry for ongoing SR were supplemented with hand-searching ending on 30 September 2021. Results: We included 18 SRs with data on 49007 people from 356 primary randomised controlled trials (RCTs); eight were followed by meta-analysis and ten used narrative syntheses of data. For all the SRs, pain was the most common reported outcome (72%), followed by disability/functional status (61%) and working status (61%). Psychological well-being and quality of life were also reported in half of the included SR (50%). The core outcome domains according to VAPAIN, IMMPACT, and PROMIS were seldom met. The methodological quality varied from critically low to moderate according to AMSTAR2. The AMSTAR2 rating was negatively correlated to the number of outcome domains in PROMIS, and VAPAIN was positively correlated with IMMPACT and PROMIS, indicating the intercorrelations between the reported outcomes. Conclusion: This systematic overview showed wide-ranging disparity in reported outcomes and applied outcome domains in SRs evaluating IPT interventions for chronic pain conditions. The intercorrelations between the reported outcomes should be appropriately handled in future research. Some approaches are discussed as well.
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22.
  • Dragioti, Elena, Ph.D., et al. (författare)
  • A cross-sectional study of factors associated with the number of anatomical pain sites in an actual elderly general population: results from the PainS65+cohort
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 10, s. 2009-2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Several studies have illustrated that multisite pain is more frequent than single pain site, and it is associated with an array of negative consequences. However, there is limited knowledge available about the potential factors associated with multisite pain in the elderly general population. Objective: This cross-sectional study examines whether the number of anatomical pain sites (APSs) is related to sociodemographic and health-related factors in older adults including oldestold ages using a new method (APSs) to assess the location of pain on the body. Materials and methods: The sample came from the PainS65+ cohort, which included 6,611 older individuals (mean age = 76.0 years; standard deviation [SD] = 7.4) residing in southeastern Sweden. All the participants completed and returned a postal survey that measured sociodemographic data, total annual income, pain intensity and frequency, general well-being, and quality of life. The number of pain sites (NPS) was marked on a body manikin of 45 sections, and a total of 23 APSs were then calculated. Univariable and multivariable models of regression analysis were performed. Results: Approximately 39% of the respondents had at least two painful sites. The results of the regression analysis showed an independent association between the APSs and the age group of 75-79 years, women, married, high pain intensity and frequency, and low well-being and quality of life, after adjustments for consumption of analgesics and comorbidities. The strongest association was observed for the higher frequency of pain. Conclusion: Our results suggest that APSs are highly prevalent with strong relationships with various sociodemographic and health-related factors and concur well with the notion that multisite pain is a potential indicator of increased pain severity and impaired quality of life in the elderly. Our comprehensive method of calculating the number of sites could be an essential part of the clinical presentation, assessment, and treatment of multisite pain.
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23.
  • Dragioti, Elena, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of different pain categories based on pain spreading on the bodies of older adults in Sweden: a descriptive-level and multilevel association with demographics, comorbidities, medications, and certain lifestyle factors (PainS65+)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 9, s. 1131-1141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and objective: There is limited knowledge about the prevalence of pain and its relation to comorbidities, medication, and certain lifestyle factors in older adults. To address this limitation, this cross-sectional study examined the spreading of pain on the body in a sample of 6611 subjects amp;gt;= 65 years old (mean age = 75.0 years; standard deviation [SD] = 7.7) living in southeastern Sweden. Methods: Sex, age, comorbidities, medication, nicotine, alcohol intake, and physical activity were analyzed in relation to the following pain categories: local pain (LP) (24.1%), regional pain medium (RP-Medium) (20.3%), regional pain heavy (RP-Heavy) (5.2%), and widespread pain (WSP) (1.7%). Results: RP-Medium, RP-Heavy, and WSP were associated more strongly with women than with men (all pamp;lt;0.01). RP-Heavy was less likely in the 80-84 and amp;gt;85 age groups compared to the 65-69 age group (both pamp;lt;0.01). Traumatic injuries, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and analgesics were associated with all pain categories (all pamp;lt;0.001). An association with gastrointestinal disorders was found in LP, RP-Medium, and RP-Heavy (all pamp;lt;0.01). Depressive disorders were associated with all pain categories, except for LP (all pamp;lt;0.05). Disorders of the central nervous system were associated with both RP-Heavy and WSP (all pamp;lt;0.05). Medication for peripheral vascular disorders was associated with RP-Medium (pamp;lt;0.05), and hypnotics were associated with RP-Heavy (pamp;lt;0.01). Conclusion: More than 50% of older adults suffered from different pain spread categories. Women were more likely to experience greater spreading of pain than men. A noteworthy number of common comorbidities and medications were associated with increased likelihood of pain spread from LP to RP-Medium, RP-Heavy, and WSP. Effective management plans should consider these observed associations to improve functional deficiency and decrease spreading of pain-related disability in older adults.
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24.
  • Ericson, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Opioid rotation in patients initiated on oxycodone or morphine : a register study.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - 1178-7090. ; 6, s. 379-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Strong opioids are recommended for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, some patients do not achieve a successful treatment outcome due to intolerable adverse events and/or inadequate analgesia, thus may benefit from switching to another opioid, a procedure known as "opioid rotation." The type of opioid at treatment initiation may influence the risk of opioid rotation and the objective of this study was to assess such rotation after treatment initiation with two alternative treatments, controlled-release (CR) oxycodone versus CR morphine in patients suffering from non-cancer pain.METHOD: The study reported here was a real-life study based on Swedish register data: the Prescribed Drug, National Patient, and Cause of Death registers. The captured data cover the entire Swedish population treated in specialist care. A statistical analysis plan was agreed and signed before data were accessed.RESULTS: Data from 50,223 cases were included in the analyses. The risk of rotation was 19% higher in patients initiating treatment with morphine compared with oxycodone (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.27; P < 0.001), after adjusting for such baseline variables that were both significantly correlated with the outcome variable (time to rotation) and significantly different between the groups; age at index date, osteoarthritis and number of pain-related drugs.CONCLUSION: Patients with non-cancer pain who initiated treatment with CR morphine had a higher risk of opioid rotation than patients initiated with CR oxycodone.
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25.
  • Feliu-Soler, A, et al. (författare)
  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for chronic pain: : a narrative review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - 1178-7090. ; 11, s. 2145-2159
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is well known that chronic pain is prevalent, complex to manage, and associated with high costs, in health care and society in general. Thanks to advances in new forms of cognitive behavioral therapy (known as third-wave CBT), currently clinicians and researchers have an empirically validated psychological treatment with increasing research support for the treatment of chronic pain. This treatment is called acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The main aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review that summarizes and integrates the current state of knowledge of ACT in the management of chronic pain as well as discuss current challenges and opportunities for progress. Based on the psychological flexibility model, ACT extends previous forms of CBT and integrates many CBT-related variables into six core therapeutic processes. ACT is a process-based therapy that fosters openness, awareness, and engagement through a wide range of methods, including exposure-based and experiential methods, metaphors, and values clarification. To our knowledge, there are three published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that support the effectiveness of ACT for chronic pain and many studies focused on specific processes derived from the psychological flexibility model. There is also promising support for the cost-effectiveness of ACT; however, the current evidence is still insufficient to establish firm conclusions about cost-effectiveness and the most efficient means of delivery. Additional well-designed economic evaluations are needed. Other research aims include delineating the neurobiological underpinnings of ACT, refining available outcome and process measures or develop new ones for ACT trials, and meeting the challenge of wide dissemination and implementation in real-world clinical practice.
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26.
  • Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Acceptance and Fear-Avoidance Mediate Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Programs at 12-Month Follow-Up : A Clinical Registry-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP)
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 17, s. 83-105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Factors that influence outcomes of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRP) are poorly known. It is unclear how outcomes are influenced by pain intensity, psychological distress, and coping strategies. Aim: This clinical registry-based longitudinal cohort study has three aims: 1) to determine the relative importance of pain intensity, psychological distress, acceptance, and fear-avoidance for changes in three outcomes of IPRP at 12-month follow-up; 2) to investigate whether the effects of pain intensity and psychological distress on the three outcomes are mediated via acceptance and fear-avoidance; and 3) to determine whether sex is a moderator. Methods: This study uses Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) from specialist units reporting data (2008–2016) to the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP). Adult chronic pain patients (N = 1991) answered the PROMs (background, pain, psychological distress, coping, participation, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to explore the aims. Results: Changes in acceptance (β:0.424–0.553; all P<0.001) were the strongest predictor of the three outcomes (changes in life control, interference, and HRQoL) at 12-month follow-up. The next strongest predictor was baseline acceptance (β: 0.177–0.233; all P<0.001) and changes in fear-avoidance (β: −0.152– −0.186; all P<0.001). Baseline pain intensity and psychological distress showed weak positive associations. Their effects on the three outcomes were mediated via acceptance aspects. Sex was not a moderator. Discussion and Conclusion: Acceptance aspects (baseline and changes) were important predictors of IPRP outcomes. Changes in fear-avoidance were also important although to a lesser degree. Some of the effects of pain intensity and psychological distress on outcomes were mediated via acceptance at baseline. Future PLS-SEM analysis of real-world IPRP should include more potential mediators (eg, catastrophizing and more facets of psychological flexibility and fear-avoidance) and the components of IPRP.
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27.
  • Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Chronic musculoskeletal pain : review of mechanisms and biochemical biomarkers as assessed by the microdialysis technique
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-7090. ; 7, s. 313-326
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions are multifaceted, and approximately 20% of the adult population lives with severe chronic pain, with a higher prevalence in women and in lower income groups. Chronic pain is influenced by and interacts with physical, emotional, psychological, and social factors, and a biopsychosocial framework is increasingly applied in clinical practice. However, there is still a lack of assessment procedures based on the activated neurobiological pain mechanisms (ie, the biological part of the biopsychosocial model of pain), which may be a necessary step for further optimizing outcomes after treatments for patients with chronic pain. It has been suggested that chronic pain conditions are mainly driven by alterations in the central nervous system with little or no peripheral stimuli or nociception. In contrast, other authors argue that such central alterations are driven by peripheral alterations and nociceptive input. Microdialysis is an in vivo method for studying local tissue alterations and allows for sampling of substances in the interstitium of the muscle, where nociceptor free nerve endings are found close to the muscle fibers. The extracellular matrix plays a key role in physiologic functions of cells, including the primary afferent nociceptor. The present review mainly concerns the results of microdialysis studies and how they can contribute to the understanding of activated peripheral nociceptive and pain mechanisms in humans with chronic pain. The primary aim was to review molecular studies using microdialysis for the investigation of human chronic muscle pain, ie, chronic masticatory muscle pain, chronic trapezius myalgia, chronic whiplash-associated disorders, and chronic widespread pain/fibromyalgia syndrome. Several studies clearly showed elevated levels of serotonin, glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate in localized chronic myalgias and may be potential biomarkers. These results indicate that peripheral muscle alterations are parts of the activated pain mechanisms in common chronic pain conditions. Muscle alterations have been reported in fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic widespread pain, but more studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn. For other substances, results are inconclusive across studies and patient groups.
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28.
  • Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Fibromyalgia : Associations Between Fat Infiltration, Physical Capacity, and Clinical Variables
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 15, s. 2517-2535
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of fibromyalgia (FM) and generally most studies report increased Body Mass Index (BMI) in FM. Obesity in FM is associated with a worse clinical presentation. FM patients have low physical conditioning and obesity further exacerbates these aspects. Hitherto studies of FM have focused upon a surrogate for overall measure of fat content, ie, BMI. This study is motivated by that ectopic fat and adipose tissues are rarely investigated in FM including their relationships to physical capacity variables. Moreover, their relationships to clinical variables including are not known. Aims were to 1) compare body composition between FM and healthy controls and 2) investigate if significant associations exist between body composition and physical capacity aspects and important clinical variables.Methods: FM patients (n = 32) and healthy controls (CON; n = 30) underwent a clinical examination that included pressure pain thresholds and physical tests. They completed a health questionnaire and participated in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine body composition aspects.Results: Abdominal adipose tissues, muscle fat, and BMI were significantly higher in FM, whereas muscle volumes of quadriceps were smaller. Physical capacity variables correlated negatively with body composition variables in FM. Both body composition and physical capacity variables were significant regressors of group belonging; the physical capacity variables alone showed stronger relationships with group membership. A mix of body composition variables and physical capacity variables were significant regressors of pain intensity and impact in FM. Body composition variables were the strongest regressors of blood pressures, which were increased in FM.Conclusion: Obesity has a negative influence on FM symptomatology and increases the risk for other serious conditions. Hence, obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity should be considered when developing clinical management plans for patients with FM.
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29.
  • Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Spreading of Pain in Patients with Chronic Pain is Related to Pain Duration and Clinical Presentation and Weakly Associated with Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation : A Cohort Study from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP)
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 14, s. 173-187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The extent to which pain is distributed across the body (spreading of pain) differs largely among patients with chronic pain conditions and widespread pain has been linked to poor quality of life and work disability. A longer duration of pain is expected to be associated with more widespread pain, but studies are surprisingly scarce. Whether spreading of pain is associated with clinical presentation and treatment outcome in patients seen in interdisciplinary multimodal pain rehabilitation programs (IMMRPs) is unclear. The association between spreading of pain and (1) pain duration (2) clinical presentation (eg, pain intensity, pain-related cognitions, psychological distress, activity/participation aspects and quality of life) and (3) treatment outcome were examined. Methods: Data from patients included in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation were used (n=39,916). A subset of patients that participated in IMMRPs (n=14,666) was used to examine whether spreading of pain at baseline predicted treatment outcome. Spreading of pain was registered using 36 predefined anatomical areas which were summarized and divided into four categories: 1-6 regions with pain (20.6% of patients), 7-12 regions (26.8%), 13-18 regions (22.0%) and 19-36 regions (30.6%). Results: More widespread pain was associated with a longer pain duration and a more severe clinical picture at baseline with the strongest associations emerging in relation to health and pain aspects (pain intensity, pain interference and pain duration). Widespread pain was associated with a poorer overall treatment outcome following IMMRPs at both post-treatment and at a 12-month follow-up, but effect sizes were small. Discussion: Spreading of pain is an indicator of the duration and severity of chronic pain and to a limited extent to outcomes of IMMRP. Longer pain duration in those with more widespread pain supports the concept of early intervention as clinically important and implies a need to develop and improve rehabilitation for patients with chronic widespread pain.
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30.
  • Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Who benefits from multimodal rehabilitation - an exploration of pain, psychological distress, and life impacts in over 35,000 chronic pain patients identified in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE Medical Press Ltd.. - 1178-7090. ; 12, s. 891-908
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Chronic pain patients frequently suffer from psychological symptoms. There is no consensus concerning the prevalence of severe anxiety and depressive symptoms and the strength of the associations between pain intensity and psychological distress. Although an important aspect of the clinical picture is understanding how the pain condition impacts life, little is known about the relative importance of pain and psychological symptoms for individual's life impact. The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of pain patients; to analyze if pain, psychological distress, and life impact variables influence subgrouping; and to investigate how patients in the subgroups benefit from treatments.Methods: Background variables, pain aspects (intensity/severity and spreading), psychological distress (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and two life impact variables (pain interference and perceived life control) were obtained from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation for chronic pain patients and analyzed mainly using advanced multivariate methods.Results: Based on >35,000 patients, 35%-40% had severe anxiety or depressive symptoms. Severe psychological distress was associated with being born outside Europe (21%-24% vs 6%-8% in the category without psychological distress) and low education level (20.7%-20.8% vs 26%-27% in the category without psychological distress). Dose relationships existed between the two psychological distress variables and pain aspects, but the explained variances were generally low. Pain intensity/severity and the two psychological distress variables were significantly associated (R2=0.40-0.48; P>0.001) with the two life impact variables (pain interference and life control). Two subgroups of patients were identified at baseline (subgroup 1: n=15,901-16,119; subgroup 2: n=20,690-20,981) and the subgroup with the worst situation regarding all variables participated less in an MMRP (51% vs 58%, P<0.001) but showed the largest improvements in outcomes.Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to assess both pain and psychological distress and not take for granted that pain involves high psychological stress in the individual case. Not all patients benefit from MMRP. A better matching between common clinical pictures and the content of MMRPs may help improve results. We only partly found support for treatment resistance in patients with psychological distress burden.
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