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Sökning: L773:1355 6037 OR L773:1468 201X

  • Resultat 3941-3950 av 4656
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3941.
  • Cal, Raúl Bayoán, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of external conditions on transitionally rough favorable pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Turbulence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-5248. ; 9:38, s. 1-22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Laser Doppler anemometry measurements are carried out in order to investigate the influences of the external conditions on a transitionally rough favorable pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. The acquired data is normalized using the scalings obtained by the meansof equilibrium similarity of the outer flow. The point at hand is to not only understand the interaction between the rough surface and the outer flow but also to include the external pressure gradient as the flow evolves in the streamwise direction. It is found that the velocityprofiles show the effects of the upstream conditions imposed on the flow when normalized withthe free-stream velocity. However, the profiles do collapse when normalized with U∞δ∗/δ,demonstrating that this scaling absorbs the roughness effects and upstream conditions. An augmentation in the Reynolds stresses occurs with an increase in the roughness parameter and a decrease due to the external favorable pressure gradient. However, close to the wall, thereis an increase due to the favorable pressure gradient while on the outer part of the boundarylayer there is a decrease in magnitude due to this imposed effect. The near-wall peak of the(u2) component is dampened by the surface roughness condition due to the destruction of theviscous sublayer. In addition, the shape of the profile in the inner region tends to flatten dueto the surface roughness. The upstream wind-tunnel speed also plays an important role thuscreating a Reynolds number dependence on the outer flow of the Reynolds stress components.Furthermore, through 11 consecutive downstream locations, the skin friction coefficient isobtained for smooth and rough favorable pressure gradient data. The skin friction showsdependencies on the Reynolds number, the roughness parameter, and the favorable pressuregradient condition in the transitionally rough regime; while for the fully rough regime, itbecomes form drag and the dependencies are on the favorable pressure gradient and theReynolds shear stress. The external condition effects are isolated with a fixed parametercomparison. Favorable pressure gradient effects slow down the growth of the boundary layerwhile the surface roughness promotes its growth.
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3942.
  • Callegari, Julia, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Gendered debt : A scoping study review of research on debt acquisition and management in single and couple households
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 23:5, s. 742-752
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the current economic environment, social workers are increasingly being required to support households that suffer from severe debt burdens. However, previous research has questioned if social workers are sufficiently prepared to meet this emerging form of financial exclusion, especially from a gender perspective. Thus, there is a risk that interventions for indebted households will overlook gender-specific, inequality-generating patterns in the acquisition and management of debts. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to provide an overview of the existing literature related to gender and household debt, in order to enable a development towards gender-aware social work interventions that equally support women and men in creating financially stable lives. The results show that gender dynamics affect how households acquire and manage their debt. These dynamics result in different forms and levels of debt for women and men, unequally divided spheres of responsibility for managing the acquired debt burden and differences in their willingness to seek debt advice. Unequal power relations between men and women and gender-stereotypic expectations are found to be key factors for explaining these results. The results are discussed in relation to practical implications for social policy and social work practice.
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3943.
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3944.
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3945.
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3946.
  • Carlens, C., et al. (författare)
  • Perinatal characteristics, early life infections and later risk of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 68:7, s. 1159-1164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To investigate the importance of birth characteristics and early life infections on the risk of later rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: A nationwide register-based case-control study was performed based on prospectively recorded data on individuals born in 1973 or later. Using the Swedish inpatient register and the early arthritis register, cases with RA aged 16 years or above (n = 333) and JIA (n = 3334) were identified. From the Swedish medical birth register (MBR), four controls per case, matched by sex, year and delivery unit were randomly selected. Through linkage to the MBR and to the Swedish inpatient register information on maternal, pregnancy and birth characteristics and infections during the first year of life was identified. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (OR) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Overall, infections during the first year of life were associated with increased risks for seronegative (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 7.0) but not seropositive (OR 1.2) RA and for JIA (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.1). Low birth weight (OR 0.7) and being small for gestational age (OR 0.5) were associated with reduced risks of RA of borderline statistical significance. Preterm birth (gestational age <= 258 days) was associated with a non-significantly decreased risk of RA (OR 0.6). Large for gestational age (OR 1.6) and having more than three older siblings (OR 1.4) were non-significantly associated with the risk of RA. Conclusion: Infections during the first year of life, and possibly also factors related to fetal growth and timing of birth, may be important in the aetiologies of adult RA and JIA.
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3947.
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3948.
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3949.
  • Catasús, Bino, et al. (författare)
  • Intangibles and credit decisions : results from an experiment
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: The European Accounting Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8180 .- 1468-4497. ; 12:2, s. 327-355
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The question in this paper is whether the inclusion of intangibles is meaningful in a credit decision context. To examine this issue we conducted an experiment with forty loan officers. The loan officers were presented with a situation of a company that required a credit of 5 million Swedish kronor. Half of the loan officers were given a traditional annual statement in which intangibles were treated as costs while the other half received a balance sheet in which brand, R&D and education were capitalized. The loan officers were asked to give their opinion regarding the credit decision and the importance of extra information. They were also confronted with four short cases where extra information about the company appeared. Statistical analysis revealed that none of three hypotheses relating to the statement that ‘accounting for intangibles does not matter’ could be falsified. Still, the acquired qualitative data that emerged from the study makes it possible to suggest another finding. The study shows that accounting for intangibles is accepted if the accounts were seen as reliable. The conclusion is that if it is possible to create reliable data about intangibles, accounting for intangibles is meaningful for credit decisions.
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3950.
  • Catasús, Bino, 1962-, et al. (författare)
  • More peace for less money : Measurement and accountability in the Swedish Armed Forces
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Financial Accountability and Management. - : Wiley. - 0267-4424 .- 1468-0408. ; 21:4, s. 467-484
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies of measurement and accountability are leading public sector transformation. By examining military work, this paper addresses the relationship between measurements and accountability by highlighting the measurements. Evidence was gathered from documents, political statements and field research. Several layers of accountability systems were found in the organisation. The principal can be the weak link in an accountability relationship if the measurement agenda is in the hands of the agent. The problems seem to go beyond performance and output, and a more fundamental question is challenging the public sector: `Are we doing the right things?' Or an even more dramatic existential question arises: `Why do we exist?'
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