| 831. |
- Rosén, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Revise the review process of the Cochrane collaboration.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 30:3, s. 238-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presents a revision of the Cochrane review of screening for breast cancer with mammography. Analysis of equivalent interventions; Grading procedure of the quality in the trials; Evidence for unreliable outcome measures; Costs of mammography screening.
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| 832. |
- Rosen, M, et al.
(författare)
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The one-sided explanations of a multifactorial coronavirus disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 50:1, s. 19-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-term interventions to suppress COVID-19 completely dominate the public, political and even the professional discussion on what explains observed differences in mortality and morbidity across countries. This leads to an exaggerated view of what such measures can accomplish. Factors such as housing and social conditions as well as travel patterns are equally important but neglected aspects of the COVID-19 development. A multifactorial disease needs a multivariate analytical approach.
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| 833. |
- Rosen, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Priority setting in Swedish health care: Are the politicians ready?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 42:3, s. 227-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Resource allocation in public health care principally involves politicians, administrators, and physicians. They all have their different roles, agendas and ambitions when it comes to how public health care resources should be spent. Previous studies on attitudes among health-care stakeholders have mainly focused on views and preferences among clinical decision-makers, while less attention has been paid to the views of health care politicians. Aim: The study aimed to investigate if the health care politicians' views on priority setting and decision-making in health care differed from other stakeholder groups. Method: The study was based on a questionnaire conducted among health care politicians, administrators, and physicians in four county councils in Southern Sweden. Results: The findings show significant differences between the politicians and the other two groups in their views on health-care resources, financing, priority setting and decision-making. Conclusions: The findings could, at least partly, be explained by the special situation it means for the politicians to be forced to be re-elected every fourth year to stay in power.
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| 834. |
- Rosengren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Forearm bone mineral density and incidence of hip fractures in Swedish urban and rural men 1987-2002
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 40:1, s. 102-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is not known whether the recently described break in the trend in hip fracture incidence in many settings applies in both women and men, depends on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) or changes in other risk factors, or whether it is apparent in both urban and rural settings. Methods: We evaluated changes in annual hip fracture incidence from 1987 to 2002 in Swedish men aged >= 60 years in one urban (n = 25,491) and one rural population (n = 16,432) and also secular differences in BMD, measured by single-photon absorptiometry at the distal radius and multiple other risk factors for hip fracture in a population-based sub-sample of the urban and the rural men aged 60-80 years in 1988/89 (n = 202 vs. 121) and in 1998/99 (n = 79 vs. 69). Results: No statistically significant changes in the annual age-adjusted hip fracture incidence per 10,000 were apparent from 1987 to 2002 in urban (0.38 per year, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.88) or rural men (-0.05 per year, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.53). BMD was similar in 1988/89 and 1998/99 when examining both urban (-19.6 mg/cm(2), 95% CI -42.6 to 3.5) and rural (-23.0 mg/cm(2), 95% CI -52.1 to 6.1) men. Conclusions: Since no secular change in age-adjusted hip fracture incidence was found during the study period, a levelling off in hip fracture incidence is present also in Swedish men. Because BMD on a group level was similar in 1988/89 and 1998/99, changes in other risk factors ought to be either of minor importance or counteracted by changes in different risk factors.
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| 835. |
- Rostila, M
(författare)
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The Swedish labour market in the 1990s: the very last of the healthy jobs?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:2, s. 126-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The economic recession in Sweden in the 1990s influenced several aspects of the labour market, including the psychosocial work environment. This study examined psychosocial working conditions in relation to self-reported ill-health in the 1990s by means of the job strain model. Methods: The study was based on two representative cross-sectional samples of Swedish employed men and women in 1991 (n=3,292) and 2000 (n=3,010), together with a panel of employees who were included for both years (n=1,953). The main outcome measures were psychological distress and self-rated poor health. The primary method used was logistic regression. Results: The results suggested that although adverse psychosocial conditions increased during the 1990s, the association with health weakened. However, further analyses showed that poor health increased in most groups with various types of psychosocial conditions, and that reduced relative differences in poor health were discernible. Finally, a longitudinal analysis showed that long-term exposure to and experience of deteriorating psychosocial conditions was most detrimental for health at the end of the 1990s, once health status at baseline had been adjusted for. Conclusions: The increased prevalence of health problems among most groups with various psychosocial conditions during the 1990s, together with reduced relative differences in poor health, might make it more difficult for employers and policy-makers to direct health policies towards specific groups of employees, as the "healthy'' job seems to have disappeared. Another important inference of the results is that psychosocial working conditions seem to be causally related to health.
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| 836. |
- Rosvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Auditing patient registration in the Swedish quality register for acute coronary syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; May 4, s. 533-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The present study aims to quantify non-participation in the RIKS-HIA register during 2005 and to compare acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients registered and not registered in RIKS-HIA, in relation to sociodemographic factors, prevalent disease, and 7-day and 30-day survival. METHODS: We linked information on sociodemographic characteristics, treatments, morbidity, and mortality from the LOMAS (Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis in Scania) database with the RIKS-HIA register. The study population consisted of individuals younger than 85 years living in Scania by 31 December 2004 who had one or more AMI during 2005 (n = 2968). RESULTS: The 70% of the AMI patients included in the register were generally younger, more often men, generally more healthy, more often had AMI as the main diagnosis, and more often underwent revascularisation procedures than AMI patients not included. Among both men (ORadjusted = 0.19; 95% CI 0.14-0.27) and women (ORadjusted = 0.30; 95% CI 0.20-0.44), registered patients had a lower 30-day mortality than patients not registered in RIKS-HIA. CONCLUSIONS: Even though RIKS-HIA conveys a clear quality improvement for the care of patients with acute coronary syndrome in Sweden, it is important to be aware that the register does not include the entire AMI population, but rather a selected and healthier population of AMI patients. This circumstance decreases the external validity of the information obtained from the RIKS-HIA register. Such an effect might be reduced over time and data from 2006 shows an inclusion rate of 76% among AMI patients aged less than 80 years.
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| 837. |
- Roustaei, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in the association between maternal age and maternal obesity: a register-based study of 707,728 women in Finland
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 51:6, s. 963-971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the association between maternal age and maternal obesity across socioeconomic groups and to determine whether socioeconomic status modifies the association between maternal age and maternal obesity with a view to informing public health policies. Methods: Data for this register-based study were sourced from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Statistics Finland, using the information of 707,728 women who gave birth in Finland from 2004 to 2015. We used multivariable regression models to assess the association between maternal age and maternal obesity across socioeconomic groups. We further assessed interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales. Results: Across all socioeconomic groups, the adjusted odds ratio for the association between maternal age and maternal obesity increased, peaking for women 35 years or older. Using women below 20 years of age in the category of upper-level employees as a single reference group, in the category of upper-level employees, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals among women 35 years or older was 1.92 (1.39–2.64) for maternal obesity. Equally, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals in the category of long-term unemployed was 4.35 (3.16–5.98). Synergistic interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales were found across age and socioeconomic groups. Conclusions: The association between maternal age and maternal obesity was strongest among women 35 years or older with lower socioeconomic status. Population-level interventions that address maternal risk factors from teenage years are needed alongside individual-level interventions that target high-risk mothers in areas of low socioeconomic status and maternal obesity.
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| 838. |
- Rudholm, Niklas
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical Insurance and the Demand for Prescription Pharmaceuticals in Västerbotten, Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 33:1, s. 50-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of pharmaceutical insurance on the demand for prescription pharmaceuticals in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. As the patients do not bear the full marginal costs of the pharmaceuticals they consume when pharmaceutical insurance systems are present, this could induce patients to over-consume pharmaceutical treatments. METHODS: Data covering all prescription pharmaceuticals sold in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden during the year 2001 have been provided by the local county council. Data include information concerning the gender and age of the patient, the number of defined daily doses, total cost, and the patient's co-payment for the prescription. The hypothesis that patients will consume more (or perhaps more expensive) pharmaceuticals when there is pharmaceutical insurance is tested by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: The results show that both the quantities dispensed and the price of the pharmaceuticals consumed increase when the pharmaceutical insurance system pays part of the total cost of the pharmaceuticals consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that introducing a small patient co-payment for all prescriptions should be an effective measure to decrease pharmaceutical consumption.
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| 839. |
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| 840. |
- Rumrich, IK, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking during pregnancy in Finland - Trends in the MATEX cohort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 47:8, s. 890-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: In Finland, smoking rates in the general population are decreasing due to increased awareness of the adverse effects and tightened tobacco legislation. However, previous studies have shown that smoking in pregnant Finnish women remained as high as in the general Finnish female population at around 15% in 2010. Our aim was to describe temporal and spatial trends in smoking behaviour, and determinants of changes in smoking behaviour between first and second pregnancy. Methods: Self-reported smoking from the Finnish Medical Birth Register covered the years 1991–2015 ( N=1,435,009). The association of maternal age and socioeconomic status with smoking rate was analysed. Spatial trends were assessed at municipality level. Results: The overall smoking rate during early pregnancy remained fairly stable at around 15% from 1991 to 2015, but increased in teenage and young women below 25 years of age. The mean smoking rate (36%) was higher in these age groups than in older pregnant women (11%). Through the study period the smoking rate remained higher in blue collar workers compared with higher socioeconomic groups. Between the first and second child, on average only 4% of women started to smoke and 41% quitted. Smoking rates developed less favourably in Eastern Finland. Conclusions: The observed increase in smoking rate during pregnancy in teenage and young women is concerning. Pregnancy is a trigger point for smoking cessation in a big fraction of pregnant women. More studies are needed to explain the opposite trends of smoking rates in Northern and Western Finland compared with Eastern Finland.
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