| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Li, Ru, et al.
(författare)
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Attachment relationships and physical activity in adolescents: The mediation role of physical self-concept
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport and Exercise. - : Elsevier BV. - 1469-0292. ; 22, s. 160-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Based on the integration of attachment and physical self-perception perspectives, the present study examined links between adolescents' engagement in physical activity and their attachment relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends, respectively, and assessed the potential mediation role of physical self-perception in this link. Design and methods: Using a cross-sectional design, questionnaire data was obtained from 767 adolescents (49% boys, Mage = 12.92, SD = .86) and structural equation modeling was used to examine relationships among variables. Results: Attachment security with parents and friend was associated with higher levels of physical activity. There was partial support of the mediation role of physical self-perception, as adolescents who were securely attached to mother and friend perceived themselves as having better physical condition, which in turn predicted greater engagement in physical activity. The mediation role of physical self-perception between mother attachment and PA was stronger for female adolescents. Secure attachment to father had a direct positive effect on physical activity. The direct effect was strongest for male adolescents. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of relationship-based intervention strategies to enhance and maintain healthy regular physical activity among adolescents.
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| 63. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of a 6-month exercise intervention programme on physical self-perceptions, importance ratings, and social physique anxiety in non-physically active adolescent Swedish girls
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport and Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292. ; 6:6, s. 643-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the effects of a 6-month exercise intervention programme (EIP) on physical self-perceptions (PSP) and social physique anxiety (SPA) of non-physically active adolescent Swedish girls. Methods: A true experimental design with randomization into an intervention or control group was used. The empowerment based EIP, offered to the intervention group twice a week for 6 months, consisted of 45-min exercise sessions followed by 15 min of discussions regarding a healthy lifestyle. A variety of exercise activities, chosen by the participants themselves, were used. Twenty-seven participants in the intervention group and 35 in the control group completed the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) at pre- and posttest and, in addition, physical fitness, weight and height were measured. Results and conclusions: The intent to treat analysis showed no significant improvements in PSPP subdomains, but lower SPAS scores for the intervention group, compared to the control group. However, when using a less conservative analysis, including only those who completed assessments both pre- and post-intervention, the intervention significantly reduced both PSPP subdomain and SPAS scores. The changes in PSPP and SPAS scores were not linked to changes in physiological variables. The results are put in the context of previous longitudinal and review studies, theoretical frameworks and models. The direction of effects, possible mechanisms and limitations of the study are discussed along with practical applications linked to exercise and modern diseases.
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| 64. |
- Popowicz, E, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting outcomes of the World Cup 2006 in football: Performance and confidence of bettors and laypeople
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport and Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292. ; 10:1, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Motivated by a paucity of research on sports forecasting, this paper examines how well individuals with varying degrees of relevant knowledge predict football (soccer) and how much confidence they have in their predictions. Design and procedure Three groups of participants (110 art students, 81 sports students, and 85 bettors) representing three levels of knowledge (poor, moderate, and expert) performed five forecasting tasks with relation to the outcome of the first round of the World Cup 2006. The tasks were assumed to reflect different degrees of complexity. About half of the participants obtained relevant information (world rankings). The participants stated their confidence in connection to conducting those tasks. Results Whereas the groups had roughly similar levels of performance in three tasks (i.e., predicting the teams qualifying for the second round as well as two types of match statistics), the knowledgeable and expert participants were better at predicting scores and percentage of ball possession in the matches than the naïve participants. Relatively few participants performed better than the simple rule that followed world rankings. Regardless of task complexity, the knowledgeable and expert participants were found to be significantly more confident about their forecasts than the naïve participants. Access to information had limited influence on forecasting performance and confidence. Conclusion The present study shows that the forecasting performance of football experts and laypeople varies dependent on task. For easy tasks, they tend to predict equally well, partly because laypeople might use well-adapted heuristics. Once the prediction tasks become more difficult, the experts may take advantage of their domain-specific skills and produce forecasts that excel those of the laypeople.
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