| 111. |
- Näppä, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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I just work here! Employees as co-creators of the employer brand
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 23:1, s. 73-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the role of employees as both a target group and co-creators of employer brand equity in tourism and hospitality. Extant research has largely focused on the effects of external employer brands; however, studies on internal employer branding have been lacking. The research problem is addressed through the conceptual lens of employer brand equity. To provide empirical insights into employee experiences, exploratory in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 employees in hotels, restaurants, and retail stores in Northern Sweden. While employees constitute a target market for internal employer branding, they also co-create the employer value proposition. Employees act as brand members, representatives, advocates and influencers, increasing knowledge about the organization internally and externally. However, in practice, companies in the service sector seem to place more focus on the customer experience than on reminding the employees of the brand promise towards them. This study identifies and describes the role of employees in the employer branding process by developing a new conceptual framework. Thereby, it adds to the understanding of co-creation in employer branding, an under-researched area which has been suggested to become a new paradigm in the employer branding literature.
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| 112. |
- O'Dell, Thomas
(författare)
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Tourist Experiences and Academic Junctures
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 7:1, s. 34-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues for the need to further develop an understanding of tourist experiences that more aggressively transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries, and that simultaneously re-centers tourist experiences as integral aspects of daily life. In order to do this, the text begins by problematizing the concept of the tourist. Whose experiences are we talking about, and in what ways do issues of race and gender affect the manner in which we construct our subjects of study? Following this discussion, the paper moves on to more specifically focus upon “tourist experiences”, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of competing theoretical approaches that have been employed by scholars in their attempts to study the realm of experience in connection with “tourists”. The paper closes by arguing for a need to understand the “tourist experience” in a much broader sense than is generally reflected in the tourism literature. Empirical examples are used here to illustrate some of the directions in which this work might proceed.
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| 113. |
- Olafsdottir, Rannveig, et al.
(författare)
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A GIS Approach to Evaluating Ecological Sensitivity for Tourism Development in Fragile Environments. A Case Study from SE Iceland
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 9:1, s. 22-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expansion of tourism in the northern periphery regions provides innovative resources for an economic boost to many of the peripheral communities. The northern ecosystems are however extremely vulnerable. It is therefore of vital importance for such communities to plan the growth of tourism along sustainable lines in order to secure long-term economic benefit from tourism. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can handle multiple spatial criteria and provide a tool for the allocation of resources between conflicting demands and aid decision-makers in planning. Despite increased use of GIS in environmental planning and management, the application of GIS to tourism planning is still limited. This study aims to develop a methodology to generate a Tourism Decision Support System (TDSS) to aid planning of sustainable tourism. A GIS model was developed based on classification of identified impact factors and variables, as well as selected classification algorithms that were used to assess categories of ecological sensitivity that may aid decision makers in planning and managing sustainable tourism in sensitive areas that are facing the risk of being subjected to ecological degradation.
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| 114. |
- Olsson, Anna Karin
(författare)
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A tourist attraction's members : Their motivations, relations and roles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 10:4, s. 411-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active participating consumers are present as members at tourist attractions. This explorative case study aims to deepen the understanding of the consumer's perspective of active membership by focusing on member motivations, relations, and roles at a tourist attraction. A marketing approach is applied that originated in the mutual relational benefits of memberships. Findings indicate that individual multiple member motivations and relations are reflected as different membership roles. Active committed members fill in the roles of supporters and advocates promoting the attraction as well as co-producers performing volunteer work in the interface between visitors, fellow members and paid staff. Active members are present as one vital element in the tourist attraction system. It is of importance to academics and managers in the competitive tourism industry to understand not only what motivates consumers to become active members/volunteers but also what keeps them volunteering. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
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| 115. |
- Olsson, Anna Karin, 1966-
(författare)
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Members in tourism settings – their motivations, behaviours and roles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 13:1, s. 82-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Membership programmes are widely used marketing tools. Many customers belong to a number of different membership programmes across a variety of organizations and contexts. Memberships are based on the idea of mutual benefits of a relationship. Memberships in general offer tangible and intangible benefits such as free admission, discounts, special offers or access to special services, and a sense of belonging and identity. General organizational benefits of memberships are funding, fee revenue, customers, legitimacy and various kinds of member support. Memberships are used as competitive relationship marketing tools to retain customers, build relationships and encourage member participation. Many memberships have developed from merely being reward programmes into an attempt to create emotional bonds based on calculative and affective commitment. Research into memberships is an emergent multidisciplinary field of interest for practitioners and scholars representing different disciplines. This thesis is delimited to study members and memberships at non-profit organizations within tourism settings from a relationship marketing perspective. The aim is to get an insight into why individuals choose to become members, why they stay on as members, and how members interact and use their memberships. The overall objective is therefore to explore motivations related to memberships and how this is reflected in different member behaviours and member roles within tourism settings. Throughout this thesis a mixed-methods research approach was applied combining qualitative and quantitative research to explore the membership phenomenon. This thesis comprises four studies based on data from an explorative pre-study (12 respondents), a questionnaire survey (755 respondents) and a Nordic cross-case study (37 respondents). Findings showed member motivations, behaviours and roles within the tourism system. Member motivations were identified as altruistic (doing good for others), self-interest (doing good for yourself) and social (doing good with others). Findings further showed member interactions with other members (M2M), customers/visitors (M2C) and supported organizations (M2B). Member behaviours found were: returning (retention); supporting, visiting, using member information (participation); marketing, spreading word-of-mouth and recruiting new members and volunteering (co-creation). Furthermore significant relations were found between motivational dimensions, behaviours and member demographics (age, gender and distance). Members performed multiple overlapping roles from supporters, visitors to front-line co-creators. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 116. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperative Strategies for Improving the Tourism Industry in Remote Geographic Regions : An Addition to Trust and Commitment Theory with one Key Mediating Construct
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 8:1, s. 48-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of cooperative relationships is influenced by interorganizational commitment, which is a long-run goal of networks. Our research examined cooperative relationships in the tourism industry to better understand what makes them successful. The study is an extension of previous empirical research on commitment. The overall research questions were: “What factors lead to interorganizational commitment in remote tourism destinations?” and “What are the relationships between the factors?” A literature search was conducted to identify factors related to organizational commitment. Search findings suggested a model proposing that interpersonal commitment mediates the effect of trust and reciprocity on interorganizational commitment. Data for the model was collected from a sample of tourism firms in successful cooperative networks. The theoretical model was purified based on convergent, nomological and discriminant validity as well as construct reliability. Our findings demonstrated that the relationship between trust and interorganizational commitment is in fact mediated by interpersonal commitment. We confirmed that reciprocity is directly related to interorganizational commitment, and is not mediated by interpersonal commitment. Thus, tourism firms should develop cooperative strategies in their networks by focusing on enhancing interpersonal commitment through trust, thereby ultimately helping to strengthen interorganizational commitment.
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| 117. |
- Pettersson, Robert, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Event experiences in time and space : a study of the visitors to the 2007 world alpine ski championships in Åre, Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 9:2-3, s. 308-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial and temporal nature of event experiences was studied through interviews, participant observation and photography at a major sporting event. Results contribute to better understanding of how visitors interact with the event setting and with each other, and help build theory on experiences, their design and management. Event tourists were observed spatially and temporally while enjoying various elements of the host village and four event arenas, while photographs and notes made by participant observers enabled a more focused evaluation of positive and negative experiences. Results identified the importance of social factors, as visitors wanted to be where the others were, revealed that surprise created positive experiences, and identified the existence of experiential “hot spots” defined in both time and space. It is concluded that positive experiences are more important than negative ones in terms of overall satisfaction. Implications are drawn regarding the nature of event experiences, their design and management, and on related methodological development.
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| 118. |
- Raadik, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Recreational Experience Preferences : Application at Fulufjallet National Park, Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 10:3, s. 231-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the recreational experience preferences (REP) of visitors to Fulufjallet National Park, Sweden. Data were derived from a pilot study conducted in the summer of 2005 by Colorado State University on behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the European Tourism Research Institute. A total of 107 Swedish and international visitors were surveyed on-site. Analysis included reliability and exploratory factor analyses to investigate the motivational aspects of visitors to Fulufjallet National Park. Aims were to examine motivations of visitors in a Northern European national park using REP items from a North American context and to examine REP's potential for cross-cultural use. Four primary REP dimensions were identified including self-discovery, experience of places, seeking solitude and challenging self. Implications for management and the Scandinavian context are given along with the cultural context of allemansratten and friluftsliv.
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| 119. |
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| 120. |
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