| 61. |
- Huang, Chuan, et al.
(författare)
-
MAINS : A Magnetic-Field-Aided Inertial Navigation System for Indoor Positioning
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 24:9, s. 15156-15166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A magnetic-field-aided inertial navigation system (MAINS) for indoor navigation is proposed in this article. MAINS leverages an array of magnetometers to measure spatial variations in the magnetic field, which are then used to estimate the displacement and orientation changes of the system, thereby aiding the inertial navigation system (INS). Experiments show that MAINS significantly outperforms the stand-alone INS, demonstrating the remarkable two orders of magnitude reduction in position error. Furthermore, when compared with the state-of-the-art magnetic-field-aided navigation approach, the proposed method exhibits slightly improved horizontal position accuracy. On the other hand, it has noticeably larger vertical error on datasets with large magnetic-field variations. However, one of the main advantages of MAINS compared with the state of the art is that it enables flexible sensor configurations. The experimental results show that the position error after 2 min of navigation in most cases is less than 3 m when using an array of 30 magnetometers. Thus, the proposed navigation solution has the potential to solve one of the key challenges faced with current magnetic-field simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solutions-the very limited allowable length of the exploration phase during which unvisited areas are mapped.
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| 62. |
- Huang, Chuan, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
MAINS: A Magnetic-Field-Aided Inertial Navigation System for Indoor Positioning
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 24:9, s. 15156-15166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Magnetic-field-Aided Inertial Navigation System (MAINS) for indoor navigation is proposed in this paper. MAINS leverages an array of magnetometers to measure spatial variations in the magnetic field, which are then used to estimate the displacement and orientation changes of the system, thereby aiding the inertial navigation system (INS). Experiments show that MAINS significantly outperforms the stand-alone INS, demonstrating a remarkable two orders of magnitude reduction in position error. Furthermore, when compared to the state-of-the-art magnetic-field-aided navigation approach, the proposed method exhibits slightly improved horizontal position accuracy. On the other hand, it has noticeably larger vertical error on datasets with large magnetic field variations. However, one of the main advantages of MAINS compared to the state-of-the-art is that it enables flexible sensor configurations. The experimental results show that the position error after 2 minutes of navigation in most cases is less than 3 meters when using an array of 30 magnetometers. Thus, the proposed navigation solution has the potential to solve one of the key challenges faced with current magnetic-field simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solutions — the very limited allowable length of the exploration phase during which unvisited areas are mapped.
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| 63. |
- Huang, Wenbin, et al.
(författare)
-
A Novel LiDAR-Camera Fused Player Tracking System in Soccer Scenarios
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 24:9, s. 15630-15642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Localization and tracking in multiplayer sports present significant challenges. Existing global positioning system (GPS) and ultra wideband (UWB)-based methods have higher accuracy but require players to wear inconvenient electronic devices. On the other hand, camera-based solutions are device-free, but have unsatisfied accuracy and necessitate significant manual intervention. Thus, we introduced a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-camera fused system tailored for soccer scenarios, which can combine highest position accuracy and convenient application. With this continuous data collection system, a new benchmark dataset is constructed, and a simple and effective tracking-by-detection method is designed. The method comprises two main modules. The cascade PointNet module effectively identifies players from the point cloud, while the subsequent Tracklet-Zoom module efficiently performs tracklet association. Our method shows significant improvements in multiple evaluation metrics compared with other methods. Specifically, we achieved a score of 95.21% on the GT-consistency metric, representing a 13.29% increase. This indicates that our method has made substantial progress toward achieving automated tracking.
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| 64. |
- Hök, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Breath Analyzer for Alcolocks and Screening Devices
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 10, s. 10-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcolocks and alcohol screening devices are becoming commonplace, and their use is expected to grow rapidly with cost reduction and improved usability. A new breath analyzer prototype is demonstrated, with the prospects of eliminating the mouthpiece, reducing expiration time and volume, improving long-term stability, and reducing life cycle cost. Simultaneous CO2 measurements compensate for the sample dilution and unsaturated expiration. Infrared transmission spectroscopy is used for both the alcohol and CO2 measurement, yet the entire system is contained within a small handheld unit. Experimental results are reported on the device sensitivity, linearity, resolution, and influence from varying measuring distance. The correlation between early and full-time sampling was established in 60 subjects. Basic concept verification was obtained, whereas resolution and selectivity still needs to be improved. Further improvements are expected by system optimization and integration.
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| 65. |
- Ikram, Mohd Kamran, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage Independent Reactive Current Based Sensor for Static VAr Control Applications
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 23:9, s. 10023-10031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of renewable energy-based converters is continuously increasing in modern power systems which inject voltage harmonics in the line. In this work, a novel, simple technique based on a binary (on/off) control of an analog switch is proposed to measure reactive current and reactive power. This method eliminates the requirement of finding sin(f) and its multiplication with the current signal in reactive power computation. The proposed transducer gives a dc signal proportional to the reactive current of a power system, i.e., Isin(f), which is suitable for static VAr compensator (SVC) applications. This transducer output is sufficient as the terminal voltage is common for the measurement as well as for the compensation current. Thus, the required current of SVC for compensation is equal to or proportional to Isin(f). Moreover, voltage harmonics are common in a power system. These harmonics affect the measurement of fundamental reactive power. This method eliminates the need for voltage measurement and hence the measurement is independent of the harmonics of the voltage, which reduces the measurement error. The proposed method is proved mathematically, and its performance is successfully validated through simulation analysis and hardware implementation. The advantages of the proposed technique are linearity of the transducer output, simple working, inexpensive hardware realization, fast response, and online measurement capability. The response time of the transducer is one cycle of supply voltage which is suitable for SVC applications.
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| 66. |
- Iqbal, W., et al.
(författare)
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PCSS : Privacy Preserving Communication Scheme for SDN Enabled Smart Homes
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 22:18, s. 17677-17690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart home technology aka home automation system allows the homeowner and residents to control and monitor the smart devices like HVAC, fridge, doors, cameras etc. These features offer peace of mind to users by providing a safe and well-suited environment. However, at the same time the connected devices are exploited by the cybercriminals for carrying out various sophisticated attacks due to no or minimal security functionalities in the currently produced smart devices. Due to no authentication and plain text data transmission, intruders can get user profiles, learn user behavior, and can even inject malwares in the un-authenticated devices. Therefore, authentication and privacy preserving user queries remains the key issues in wide adaptation of such technologies. Adding to this dilemma, the traditional security solutions cannot be deployed in the low processing devices. Therefore, to overcome the security issues of these low processing gadgets, a network level, lightweight cryptographic security mechanisms are necessitated where the processing is done at the network level middle box rather than low resources end devices. In this aspect, the evolving networking paradigm Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers such properties like programmability, agility, centralized management, and vendor neutrality that overcome the conventional networking control, management, and security problems. The controller of SDN at the control layer manages all the computation and complexities at the network level, rather than at the smart devices. Therefore, in this research, we present a privacy preserving communication scheme for SDN enabled smart homes (PCSS), which aims at provisioning user and smart device authentication, privacy for data (rest and transit) and user queries. It hinders the learning and modification of data by any intruder during the transmission and features mutual authentication of user, controller, and smart device. PCSS, also offers privacy preserving user queries for the smart homes. This is achieved by proposing a symmetric key based lightweight authentication and searchable encrypted queries protocol. We further highlight that the experimental results show the efficacy and usefulness of PCSS scheme when compared with existing secure smart home/system protocols.
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| 67. |
- Jason, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Study of an Intensity Modulated Fiber-Optic Position Sensor with a Novel Readout System
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 8:7, s. 1105-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An intensity modulated fiber-optic position sensor, based on a fiber to bundle coupling and a readout system using a CMOS image camera together with fast routines for position extraction and calibration, is experimentally demonstrated. Further a simulation of the complete sensor system setup is made, and possible sources of error are analyzed experimentally. Our analysis indicates the theoretical limit of the system and identifies the causes of system errors. The results are encouraging for further development of the system setup.
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| 68. |
- Javed, Nimra, et al.
(författare)
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Directly Printable Moisture Sensor Tag for Intelligent Packaging
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:16, s. 6147-6148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact, flexible 24-b dual-polarized chip-less radio frequency identification tag with a size of 20.6mm x 19.9mm is realized. The tag structure is optimized and analyzed for Taconic, Kapton HN and organic substrate. The prototype fabricated on HP photopaper with silver nanoparticles-based conductive ink is exhibiting a behavior of moisture sensor. The proposed moisture sensor tag has a bandwidth of 13.5GHz. The direct printability of moisture sensor tag makes it suitable for intelligent packaging and various low-cost applications.
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| 69. |
- Jiang, M., et al.
(författare)
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Multiplexing scheme for self-interfering long-period fiber gratings using a low-coherence reflectometry
- 2007
-
Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 7:11-12, s. 1663-1667
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel multiplexing scheme based on a low-coherence reflectometry (LCR) is proposed for a sensing array (in parallel) of self-interfering long-period fiber gratings (SI-LPGs). Each SI-LPG sensor consists of an LPG and a section of fiber with a highly reflective end (mirror). The spectral information of each LPG is sensitive to some parameters of the surrounding measurand and can be reconstructed from the corresponding subreflectograms (obtained by the LCR) through a fast Fourier transformation. The sensing signals of multiple SI-LPG sensors can be multiplexed if the length of the fiber section in each sensor is set to a different value. Experiments of measuring the surrounding temperature at different sensors are demonstrated to show the good performance of our multiplexing system.
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| 70. |
- Jonsson, Patrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Road surface status classification using spectral analysis of NIR camera images
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 15:3, s. 1641-1656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for an automated road status classification system considering the vast number of weather-related accidents that occur every winter. Previous research has shown that it is possible to detect hazardous road conditions, including, for example, icy pavements, using single point infrared illumination and infrared detectors. In this paper, we extend this research into camera surveillance of a road section allowing for classification of area segments of weather-related road surface conditions such as wet, snow covered, or icy. Infrared images have been obtained using an infrared camera equipped with a set of optical wavelength filters. The images have primarily been used to develop multivariate data models and also for the classification of road conditions in each pixel. This system is a vast improvement on existing single spot road status classification systems. The resulting imaging system can reliably distinguish between dry, wet, icy, or snow covered sections on road surfaces.
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