| 21. |
- Halmøy, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational outcome in adult ADHD: impact of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment: a cross-sectional study of 414 clinically diagnosed adult ADHD patients.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 13:2, s. 175-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment on occupational outcome in adult ADHD patients. METHOD: Adult ADHD patients (N = 414) responded to questionnaires rating past and present symptoms of ADHD, comorbid conditions, treatment history, and work status. RESULTS: Of the patients, 24% reported being in work, compared to 79% in a population-based control group (N = 359). Combined subtype of ADHD, substance abuse, and a reported history of depression or anxiety were correlated with being out of work. Current and past medical treatment of ADHD was correlated with being in work. Logistic regression analyses showed that stimulant therapy during childhood was the strongest predictor for being in work as adults (odds ratio = 3.2, p = .014). CONCLUSION: Early recognition and treatment of ADHD is a strong predictor of being in work as an adult, independently of comorbidity, substance abuse, and current treatment.
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| 22. |
- Hasslinger, John, et al.
(författare)
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Immediate and Sustained Effects of Neurofeedback and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions in Children and Adolescents with ADHD : A Multi-Arm Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 26:11, s. 1492-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effects of neurocognitive training methods on targeted cognitive functions in children and adolescent with ADHD.Method: A pragmatic four-arm randomized controlled trial compared two types of neurofeedback (Slow Cortical Potential and Live Z-score) and Working-memory training (WMT) with treatment as usual. N = 202 participants with ADHD aged 9 to 17 years were included. A battery of cognitive function tests was completed pretreatment, posttreatment, and after 6-months.Results: The effects of WMT on spatial and verbal working-memory were superior to neurofeedback and treatment as usual at posttreatment, but only partially sustained at follow-up. No other consistent effects were observed. We found no clear indications that effects were moderated by ADHD presentation, ongoing medication, age, or sex.Conclusion: The sustained effects of neurocognitive training on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD may be limited. Future research should focus on more personalized forms of neurocognitive training.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Helland, Wenche Andersen, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Language impairments in children with ADHD and in children with reading disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 20:7, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate language impairments (LI) in a non –clinical sample of children with symptoms of AD/HD, RD, AD/HD + RD and controls, and to explore whether these groups could be differentiated from each other regarding different aspects of language.Method: Out of a population-based sample of 5672 children aged 7-9, four groups were derived.Results: LI was identified in the vast majority of the AD/HD+RD group and in more than 40 % of both the AD/HD group and the RD group.Conclusions: More phonological and expressive language problems were seen in RD compared to AD/HD, while receptive language problems were more prominent in AD/HD. As to pragmatics, more problems were identified in AD/HD, but the difference did not reach significance. These results support findings from clinical samples pointing to a considerable rate of LI both in children with symptoms of AD/HD and in children with symptoms of RD.
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| 25. |
- Holbrook, JR, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms From Childhood Through Adolescence in a Community Sample
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 20:1, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and factors associated with elevated symptom counts in a diverse, longitudinal community-based sample. Method: Parents reported demographics and completed a diagnostic interview repeatedly over a 6-year period. At Time 1, 481 interviews were completed about children (5-13 years); all participants were invited to four annual follow-up interviews, and 379 (79%) completed at least one. Inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptom counts were modeled with logistic quantile regression, while accounting for study design complexities. Results: The prevalence of seven IA symptoms remained stable from early childhood through late adolescence. The prevalence of eight HI symptoms decreased by more than half over time. After demographic adjustment, the upper quartile of HI symptom counts decreased with age ( p < .01). High HI symptom counts persisted more among those with high IA symptom counts ( p = .05). Conclusion: This study further characterizes and provides insights into ADHD symptom trajectory through adolescence.
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| 26. |
- Holmberg, Kirsten, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Symptoms of ADHD at Ages 7 and 10 Predict Academic Outcome at Age 16 in the General Population?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 18:8, s. 635-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To examine the value of the Conners 10-item scale to predict academic outcomes at age 16 years in schoolchildren aged 7 and 10 years.Method:A cohort study of N = 544 children in a municipality of Stockholm County was conducted. Using the parent and teacher version of the Conners 10-item scale, 7- and 10-year-olds were screened for ADHD symptoms and followed-up for school outcome at age 16 years.Results:The best predictors for school outcome at age 16 years were the Conners items, "child failing to finish tasks" and "being inattentive, easily distracted," with a high specificity (90%-97%) but low sensitivity (18%-39%).Conclusion:This study indicates a considerable association between certain symptoms of inattentiveness in young schoolchildren and academic underachievement at age 16 years. Screening for one to two symptoms of inattention in schoolchildren identifies 30% to 40% of participants at risk for later poor school attainment.
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| 27. |
- Holst, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With ADHD and Adults With Other Psychiatric Disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 21:2, s. 137-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to investigate how well neuropsychological measures can discriminate between adults with ADHD and those with other psychiatric disorders. Method: Adults with ADHD and a clinical control group ( n = 110) were included. Neuropsychological functioning was investigated using measures of inhibition, working memory, set shifting, planning, fluency, reaction-time variability, and delay aversion. Results: Adults with ADHD performed more poorly compared with clinical controls with regard to all constructs. The effects of verbal memory, inhibition, set shifting, fluency, and delay aversion remained significant when controlling for IQ. However, when controlling for basic cognitive functions, only the effects of inhibition, fluency, and delay aversion were significant. Sensitivity ranged between 64% and 75%, and specificity between 66% and 81%. Conclusion: Neuropsychological tests have a relatively poor ability to discriminate between adults with ADHD and clinical controls, but they may be used to identify individuals at particularly high risk for poor daily functioning.
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| 28. |
- Hult, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and the QbTest: Diagnostic Validity of QbTest.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:11, s. 1074-1080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of the QbTest, which measures the cardinal symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: The study group comprised 182 children (mean age about 10 years), of whom 124 had ADHD and 58 had other clinical diagnosis of which 81% had ASD. RESULTS: Only QbTest parameters for inattention and hyperactivity differentiated between ADHD and other clinical diagnoses at the p ≤ .01 level, not for measures of impulsivity. Sensitivity ranged from 47% to 67% and specificity from 72% to 84%. Positive predictive value ranged from 41% to 86%, and negative predictive value from 43% to 86%. Area under the curve varied from .70 to .80. CONCLUSION: The ability of the individual QbTest parameters to identify ADHD was moderate. The test's ability to discriminate between ADHD subtypes was unsatisfactory.
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| 29. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Unseen and Stressed? Gender Differences in Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Symptoms and Associations With Perceived Stress in Children With ADHD.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 24:11, s. 1565-1569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigate the differences between parent and teacher ADHD ratings, and how these ratings relate to perceived stress in children with ADHD.METHOD: Ratings by parents and teachers with the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham ADHD symptom rating scale (SNAP-IV) were collected from children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (n = 137). Also, information on medication was collected. Children (≥11 years of age; n = 64) were invited to complete the Pressure-Activation-Stress scale.RESULTS: Among girls, but not boys, teacher ratings were significantly lower than parental ratings on all symptom scales. Lower teacher ratings on hyperactivity symptoms were associated with higher levels of perceived stress.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a potential gender bias in ratings among teachers. Underrated, and hence underidentified, ADHD problems in the school setting seem to increase the perception of stress in the sense of pressure for both girls and boys.
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| 30. |
- Jablonska, B, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Utilization of ADHD Medication in Schoolchildren: A Population Multilevel Study in Stockholm County
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 24:2, s. 265-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic composition on the utilization of ADHD medication in schoolchildren after accounting for individual- and family-level characteristics. Method: A cohort of all schoolchildren living in Stockholm County was prospectively followed for new prescriptions of ADHD medication ( N = 276,955). Three-level logistic regression models were used with individual/family characteristics (e.g., immigrant background) at the first level and small area market statistics (SAMS) and municipality characteristics (i.e., socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic composition) at the second and third level. Results: SAMS socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased utilization of ADHD medication. The utilization of ADHD medication was lower among immigrant children as compared with natives, and their odds of not utilizing medication increased as the degree of concentration of foreign-born increased. Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions at the neighborhood level may offer an additional route for the prevention of the disorder and/or alleviation of its consequences.
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