| 51. |
- Nordström, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Different Risk Factors Between Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 21:11, s. 904-912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine different risk factors between disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and ADHD or combined DBD and ADHD. Method: The study population was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Psychiatric diagnoses were defined from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview. The study sample was divided into four groups—people with DBD (n = 44), with ADHD (n = 91), with both (n = 72), and without either (n = 250)—to evaluate the different risk factors behind these disorders. Results: After adjusting with possible confounding factors, female gender and paternal admittance to inpatient psychiatric care increased the odds that an adolescent was having DBD. Childhood hyperactivity symptoms increased the odds of having ADHD and childhood hyperactivity symptoms and scholastic impairment increased the odds of having both disorders. Conclusion: Our study indicates DBD and ADHD have clearly different risk factors, and the impact of the paternal factors on DBD should be noted more than has been before.
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| 52. |
- Nydén, Agneta, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term psychosocial and health economy consequences of ADHD, autism, and reading-writing disorder: a prospective service evaluation project.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:2, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate psychosocial, societal, and family cost consequences of a psychoeducational intervention program. METHODS: Sixty boys with ADHD, Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism (AS/HFA), and reading and writing disorder (RD/WD) were allocated to participate in a service evaluation project. Every other boy in each diagnostic group was randomly allocated to receive either (a) a special education program (clinical index group) or (b) follow-up without the special education program (clinical comparison group). Nine years after initial assessments the stability of the psychosocial and economic resource consequences over time was studied. RESULTS: ADHD, AS/HFA, and RD/WD all had severe impact on family life quality. The societal costs were high, but no significant differences in resource use or in total costs were found between the clinical index and the comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the very long-term need for support including individually tailored reevaluations and carefully monitored intervention programs adapted to family needs and severity of child disorder.
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| 53. |
- Pettersson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosing ADHD in Adults : An Examination of the Discriminative Validity of Neuropsychological Tests and Diagnostic Assessment Instruments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 22:11, s. 1019-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the discriminative validity of neuropsychological tests and diagnostic assessment instruments in diagnosing adult ADHD in a clinical psychiatric population. Method: Of 108 patients, 60 were diagnosed with ADHD. The Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v.1.1 together with eight neuropsychological tests were investigated. Results: All instruments showed poor discriminative ability except for the DIVA, which showed a relatively good ability to discriminate between the groups (sensitivity = 90.0; specificity = 72.9). A logistic regression analysis model with the DIVA and measures of inattention, impulsivity, and activity from continuous performance tests (CPTs) showed a sensitivity of 90.0 and a specificity of 83.3. Conclusion: Neuropsychological tests have a poor ability to discriminate between patients diagnosed with ADHD and patients not diagnosed with ADHD, but variables from CPT tests can contribute to increasing the specificity by 10% if used in combination with the DIVA.
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| 54. |
- Pettersson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD in Outpatient Psychiatric Care : A Randomized Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 21:6, s. 508-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program targeting difficulties and impairments associated with adult ADHD.METHOD: Forty-five adults diagnosed with ADHD were randomized to either self-help (iCBT self-help format [iCBT-S]), self-help with weekly group sessions (iCBT group-therapy format [iCBT-G]), or a waiting-list control group. Treatment efficacy was measured at pre- and posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up.RESULTS: Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms for the iCBT-S group in comparison with the waiting-list controls at posttreatment, with a between-group effect size of d = 1.07. The result was maintained at 6-month follow-up. No significant difference was found at posttreatment or 6-month follow-up between the iCBT-S and iCBT-G groups.CONCLUSION: The findings show that a CBT treatment program administered through the Internet can be a promising treatment for adult ADHD. Limitations of the study design and directions for future research are discussed.
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| 55. |
- Pinto, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and infant disorganized attachment: a prospective study of children next-born after stillbirth.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 10:1, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether infant disorganized attachment predicts ADHD at school age. METHOD: A cohort of 53 children who had been identified as having significant levels of disorganized attachment in infancy is compared to a control group. Symptoms and signs of ADHD at age 7 are evaluated together with a range of relevant maternal variables. RESULTS: An association is found between infant disorganized attachment scores and teacher-rated symptoms of ADHD (but not ADHD caseness). Probable ADHD caseness in the child is associated with self-rated retrospective ADHD scores in mothers. Possible ADHD caseness is associated with a measure of unresolved mourning in mothers. Mother-rated ADHD in the child was associated with low overall maternal psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSION: The finding of a link between scores for disorganized attachment at 1 year and later teacher-rated symptoms of ADHD suggests the need for further studies.
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| 56. |
- Rasmussen, Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in psychiatric problems and criminality between individuals treated with central stimulants before and after adulthood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:2, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The evidence for central stimulant (CS) treatment in ADHD is strong in some respects but not with respect to unselected clinical material and long-term effects over the life course cycle. The objective of this study was to explore differences in vocational, psychiatric, and social impairment, including crime and substance abuse, among adults with ADHD, treated or not, with CS drugs before age 18. Method: A clinical population of men (N = 343) and women (N = 129) seeking CS treatment as adults was assessed within a specific program for such treatment. Clinical information and data collected by structured instruments were available. Results: Previously CS-treated persons had a lower frequency of problems (alcohol/substance abuse, criminality), and of certain psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety and personality ones). Most differences were substantial. Conclusion: The study supports the assumption that CS treatment during childhood/adolescence offers some protection against the development of a range of problems known to characterize adult ADHD patients.
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| 57. |
- Rasmussen, Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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Untreated ADHD in Adults Are There Sex Differences in Symptoms, Comorbidity, and Impairment?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 12:4, s. 353-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyze sex differences among adult, never-treated patients referred for central stimulant treatment of ADHD. Method: Data for 600 consecutive patients from northern Norway referred for evaluation by an expert team during 7 years were analyzed. General background information, diagnostic and social history, and symptom profiles were compared between previously never-treated men and women. Results: The sex ratio was skewed. Of the previously untreated patients, more than 20% fell outside society's ordinary vocational activities or social benefit system. Most patients had the combined form, one third the inattentive type, and only 2% the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. Abuse and criminality were more common among men, and affective, eating, and somatization disorders were more common among women. Otherwise few sex differences were found. Conclusion: AD/HD symptom intensity and subtypes did not differ between the sexes and was to age. Symptom intensity was linked with criminality, abuse, and other psychiatric problems, differentially for two sexes. (J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 12(4) 353-360)
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| 58. |
- Reilly, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Parent- and Teacher-Reported Symptoms of ADHD in School-Aged Children With Active Epilepsy: A Population-Based Study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 21:11, s. 887-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Provide data on the distribution of parent- and teacher-reported symptoms of ADHD in childhood epilepsy and describe coexisting cognitive and behavioral disorders in children with both epilepsy and ADHD. METHOD: Eighty-five (74% of those eligible) children (5-15 years) in a population-based sample with active epilepsy underwent psychological assessment. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scale was completed by parents (n = 69) and teachers (n = 67) of participating children with an IQ > 34. ADHD was diagnosed with respect to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.). RESULTS: Parents reported significantly more symptoms of ADHD than teachers (p < .001). Symptoms of inattention were more commonly reported than symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity (p < .001). Neurobehavioral comorbidity was similar in those with ADHD and non-ADHD with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD), which were more common in those with both epilepsy and ADHD. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of ADHD are very common in childhood epilepsy but prevalence is influenced by informant.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and associated psychopathology in a community sample of adolescents from the European north of Russia.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:1, s. 54-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and their relationship to psychopathology in adolescents from the European North of Russia.METHOD: The prevalence of ADHD symptoms is assessed by teacher reports in 536 adolescents. Internalizing and externalizing problems are assessed by teacher ratings and student self-reports.RESULTS: Prevalence of individual ADHD symptoms ranges between 3.3% and 35%. Only 8.9% of boys and 3.6% of girls have positive ratings on six items in either inattention or hyperactivity subtype. These adolescents fare significantly worse regarding externalizing but not internalizing problems. Compared to girls with ADHD, boys with ADHD report higher levels of violent and nonviolent delinquency and are described by teachers as having more conduct problems. Possible ADHD status is associated with depressive symptoms in boys but not in girls.CONCLUSION: The estimates of ADHD prevalence rates obtained in this study are similar to those of other countries, suggesting the need for identification and treatment of the disorder. Evaluation of associated disruptive behavior disorders and depression, particularly in boys, is warranted.
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