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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Rolandsson, Margot, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of snuff on oral health status of adolescent males : A case-control study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry. ; 3:2, s. 77-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of snuff on the oral health status of adolescent males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants consisted of 80 adolescent males between 16-25 years, 40 snuff users and 40 non-users. The snuff users and non-users were matched with reference to their age. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on general and oral health, daily oral hygiene and tobacco habits. The clinical examination was carried out in a dental office by two experienced dental hygienists. Snuff lesions were clinically classified on a four-point scale and documented on colour slides. The examination also assessed the number of teeth, restored tooth surfaces, plaque index and gingival index, probing pocket depth and gingival recessions. RESULTS: Out of 40 snuff users, 35 showed snuff incluced lesions. The clinical diagnosis of snuff users' mucosa showed snuff lesions of different severity clinically classified as degree 1, 2 and 3. When explaining snuff lesions of degree 2 and 3, hours of daily snuff use and package form (portion-bag snuff versus loose snuff) was statistically significant. There were no statistical differences between snuff users and non-users regarding restored tooth surfaces, presence of plaque, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth. Seventeen percent of the cases showed loss of periodontal attachment as gingival recessions. CONCLUSION: In spite of mucosal lesions caused by snuff there were no statistical differences in prevalence in plaque and gingivitis between snuff users and non-users. However, some cases showed loss of periodontal attachment as gingival recessions.
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| 54. |
- Romao, Cristina, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal conditions in a Swedish city population of adolescents: a comparison between smokers and never-smokers.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 5:2, s. 105-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the periodontal conditions of a randomly selected population sample of 19-year-old individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population sample of 272 randomly selected 19-year-old individuals living in G?teborg, Sweden, was clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, deepened periodontal pockets, probing attachment loss (PAL) and gingival recession. On bitewing radiographs, alveolar bone level and presence of dental calculus were assessed. The subjects were classified as 'never-smokers' or smokers based on information obtained by a questionnaire-based interview. RESULTS: The mean plaque and gingivitis scores were for never-smokers 58% (SE 1.7) and 46% (1.4) respectively, and for smokers 60% (2.2) and 42% (2.1) respectively. Of the never-smokers and smokers respectively, 38% and 35% showed a prevalence of gingivitis of > 50%. The mean number of sites with periodontal pockets > or = 4 mm was 12 (0.9) in never-smokers and 13 (1.4) in smokers. Of both never-smokers and smokers, 75% did not have any site with PAL > or = 2 mm, and only six individuals (3%), all never-smokers, showed more than three sites with a PAL of > or = 2 mm (facial sites). Logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking was a poor discriminator for identification of subjects with periodontal destruction (OR 0.62-1.33). CONCLUSIONS: In the present population sample of adolescents, characterised by high prevalence of plaque and gingivitis, smoking habits did not contribute to a higher prevalence or severity of periodontal destruction.
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| 56. |
- Sjögren, Karin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Interproximal plaque mass and fluoride retention after brushing and flossing--a comparative study of powered toothbrushing, manual toothbrushing and flossing.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 2:2, s. 119-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine differences in interproximal plaque mass and fluoride retention with different modes of toothbrushing and flossing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven subjects in good health used four treatments in a four-period, randomized, crossover design: 1) manual brushing only; 2) manual brushing and daily flossing; 3) electric brushing using a rotational oscillation toothbrush; and 4) electric brushing using a sonic toothbrush. Subjects used a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice during the eight-day experimental periods and a fluoride-free dentifrice during the seven-day washout periods between treatments. Interproximal plaque samples were taken on Day 1 and on Day 8, weighed, and analyzed for fluoride content. RESULTS: The amount of interproximal plaque was lowest with sonic brushing, which left 43-65% less plaque than all other treatments. Manual brushing and flossing yielded less plaque than manual brushing alone and rotational oscillation brushing. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for treatment; there was no time effect on plaque mass. For fluoride retention, at Day 1 sonic brushing gave at least 54% more fluoride in the interproximal plaque than all other treatments, which was significant. All treatments demonstrated a significant increase in fluoride concentration with time except manual brushing and flossing, which showed a significant decrease. At Day 8, the fluoride concentration was significantly higher for sonic brushing than for manual brushing or rotational oscillation brushing by over 40%, and all treatments exhibited significantly greater fluoride than the manual brushing and flossing combination. CONCLUSION: The mode of toothbrushing may impact the amount of plaque retained interproximally and its fluoride concentration.
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| 57. |
- Stecksen-Blicks, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Caries risk profiles in two-year-old children from northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - New Malden, Surry : Quintessence. - 1602-1622. ; 5:3, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate existing caries risk factors in preschool children and to illustrate their caries risk profiles graphically with aid of a computer-based program.Materials and Methods: All 2-year-old children from a small town in northern Sweden were invited and 87% (n = 125) accepted to participate. Data was collected with a questionnaire concerning the child’s normal diet and sugar consumption. Special care was taken to note the intake of sweet drinks and sugary between-meal products. Questions on general health and medication, toothbrushing frequency with parental help and use of fluorides were also included. The caries prevalence was recorded with mirror and probe and the level of oral mutans streptococci was enumerated with a chair-side technique. The obtained data were computerised in a risk assessment program (Cariogram) and a graphical profile of each child was constructed.Results: The caries prevalence was 6%, and 18% had detectable levels of oral mutans streptococci. The sugar consumption was strikingly high with 82% and 97% having ice cream and sweets once a week or more often. In 22% of the families, toothbrushing with parental help was not a daily routine. Of the children, 51% displayed a low chance (0–20%) of avoiding caries in the future. The frequency of sugar consumption was the most pertinent factor in the children’s caries risk profiles.Conclusions: Half of the subjects exhibited a low chance of avoiding caries in the near future and the strongest single factor was frequent sugar consumption. Thus efforts to limit and reduce the sugar intake in young children are important measures for primary caries prevention.
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