| 301. |
- Nordin, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Volume of procedures and risk of recurrence after repair of groin hernia : national register study
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 336:7650, s. 934-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the association between volume and outcome found in major surgery also holds true for a minor operation. DESIGN: Review of outcomes after hernia surgery in Sweden.SETTING: Surgical units registered with the Swedish hernia register, which in 2004 covered about 95% of all hernia operations in Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: 86,409 patients over 15 years, who underwent 96,601 unilateral or bilateral groin hernia repairs (94,077 inguinal and 2524 femoral) in 1996-2004 at the participating surgical units.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Re-operation for recurrence.RESULTS: There was a significantly higher rate of re-operation in surgeons who carried out 1-5 repairs a year than in surgeons who carried out more repairs. There was no association between outcome and further increases in volume. Although about half of surgeons in Sweden who repair hernias are low volume operators, they performed only 8.4% of all repairs.CONCLUSIONS: Sweden's numerous low volume hernia surgeons perform such a small proportion of all operations that the impact of their inferior results on the nationwide re-operation rate is minimal. Volume indicates an approximate minimum value for the number of hernia repairs a surgeon should do each year but the outcome in surgeons who carry out more than that number disqualifies volume as an indicator of proficiency.
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| 302. |
- Nordström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive function and other risk factors for mild traumatic brain injury in young men : nationwide cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1756-1833. ; 346, s. f723-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate cognitive function and other risk factors for mild traumatic brain injury in young men.Design Nationwide prospective cohort study.Setting Sweden.Participants 305 885 men conscripted for military service from 1989 to 1994.Main outcome measure mild traumatic brain injuries in relation to cognitive function and other potential risk factors assessed at conscription and follow-up.Results Men with one mild traumatic brain injury within two years before (n=1988) or after cognitive testing (n=2214) had about 5.5% lower overall cognitive function scores than did men with no mild traumatic brain injury during follow up (P<0.001 for both). Moreover, men with at least two mild traumatic brain injuries after cognitive testing (n=795) had 15% lower overall cognitive function scores compared with those with no such injury (P<0.001). Independent strong risk factors (P<1x10(-10)) for at least one mild traumatic brain injury after cognitive testing (n=12 494 events) included low overall cognitive function, a previous mild traumatic brain injury, hospital admission for intoxications, and low education and socioeconomic status. In a sub-cohort of twin pairs in which one twin had a mild traumatic brain injury before cognitive testing (n=63), both twins had lower logical performance and technical performance compared with men in the total cohort with no mild traumatic brain injury (P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Low cognitive function, intoxications, and factors related to low socioeconomic status were strong independent risk factors for mild traumatic brain injuries in men. The low cognitive function in twin pairs discordant for mild traumatic brain injury suggests a genetic component to the low cognitive function associated with such injuries. The study included only men, so inferences to women should be made with caution.
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| 303. |
- Nordström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Length of hospital stay after hip fracture and short term risk of death after discharge : a total cohort study in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate relation between inpatient length of stay after hip fracture and risk of death after hospital discharge.SETTING: Population ≥50 years old living in Sweden as of 31 December 2005 with a first hip fracture the years 2006-12.PARTICIPANTS: 116 111 patients with an incident hip fracture from a closed nationwide cohort.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Death within 30 days of hospital discharge in relation to hospital length of stay after adjustment for multiple covariates.RESULTS: Mean inpatient length of stay after a hip fracture decreased from 14.2 days in 2006 to 11.6 days in 2012 (P<0.001). The association between length of stay and risk of death after discharge was non-linear (P<0.001), with a threshold for this non-linear effect of about 10 days. Thus, for patients with length of stay of ≤10 days (n=59 154), each 1-day reduction in length of stay increased the odds of death within 30 days of discharge by 8% in 2006 (odds ratio 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.12)), which increased to16% in 2012 (odds ratio 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20)). In contrast, for patients with a length of stay of ≥11 days (n=56 957), a 1-day reduction in length of stay was not associated with an increased risk of death after discharge during any of the years of follow up.LIMITATIONS: No accurate evaluation of the underlying cause of death could be performed.CONCLUSION: Shorter length of stay in hospital after hip fracture is associated with increased risk of death after hospital discharge, but only among patients with length of stay of 10 days or less. This association remained robust over consecutive years.
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| 304. |
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| 305. |
- Oberg, AS, et al.
(författare)
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Authors' reply to Sholapurkar
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 349, s. g6210-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 306. |
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| 307. |
- O'Donnell, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Joint association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with cardiovascular events and mortality: prospective cohort study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the joint association of sodium and potassium urinary excretion (as surrogate measures of intake) with cardiovascular events and mortality, in the context of current World Health Organization recommendations for daily intake (<2.0 g sodium, >3.5 g potassium) in adults.International prospective cohort study.18 high, middle, and low income countries, sampled from urban and rural communities.103570 people who provided morning fasting urine samples.Association of estimated 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion (surrogates for intake) with all cause mortality and major cardiovascular events, using multivariable Cox regression. A six category variable for joint sodium and potassium was generated: sodium excretion (low (<3 g/day), moderate (3-5 g/day), and high (>5 g/day) sodium intakes) by potassium excretion (greater/equal or less than median 2.1 g/day).Mean estimated sodium and potassium urinary excretion were 4.93 g/day and 2.12 g/day, respectively. After a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 7884 (6.1%) participants had died or experienced a major cardiovascular event. Increasing urinary sodium excretion was positively associated with increasing potassium excretion (unadjusted r=0.34), and only 0.002% had a concomitant urinary excretion of <2.0 g/day of sodium and >3.5 g/day of potassium. A J-shaped association was observed of sodium excretion and inverse association of potassium excretion with death and cardiovascular events. For joint sodium and potassium excretion categories, the lowest risk of death and cardiovascular events occurred in the group with moderate sodium excretion (3-5 g/day) and higher potassium excretion (21.9% of cohort). Compared with this reference group, the combinations of low potassium with low sodium excretion (hazard ratio 1.23, 1.11 to 1.37; 7.4% of cohort) and low potassium with high sodium excretion (1.21, 1.11 to 1.32; 13.8% of cohort) were associated with the highest risk, followed by low sodium excretion (1.19, 1.02 to 1.38; 3.3% of cohort) and high sodium excretion (1.10, 1.02 to 1.18; 29.6% of cohort) among those with potassium excretion greater than the median. Higher potassium excretion attenuated the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high sodium excretion (P for interaction=0.007).These findings suggest that the simultaneous target of low sodium intake (<2 g/day) with high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) is extremely uncommon. Combined moderate sodium intake (3-5 g/day) with high potassium intake is associated with the lowest risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.
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| 308. |
- Olén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease and risk of cancer : a Swedish nationwide cohort study 1964-2014
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - : B M J Group. - 1756-1833. ; 11:Suppl. 1, s. S14-S15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess risk of cancer in patients with childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and adulthood.Design: Cohort study with matched general population reference individuals using multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios.Setting: Swedish national patient register (both inpatient and non-primary outpatient care) 1964-2014.Participants: Incident cases of childhood onset (<18 years) inflammatory bowel disease (n=9405: ulcerative colitis, n=4648; Crohn's disease, n=3768; unclassified, n=989) compared with 92 870 comparators from the general population matched for sex, age, birth year, and county.Main outcome measures: Any cancer and cancer types according to the Swedish Cancer Register.Results: During follow-up through adulthood (median age at end of follow-up 27 years), 497 (3.3 per 1000 person years) people with childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease had first cancers, compared with 2256 (1.5 per 1000 person years) in the general population comparators (hazard ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 2.5). Hazard ratios for any cancer were 2.6 in ulcerative colitis (2.3 to 3.0) and 1.7 in Crohn's disease (1.5 to 2.1). Patients also had an increased risk of cancer before their 18th birthday (2.7, 1.6 to 4.4; 20 cancers in 9405 patients, 0.6 per1000 person years). Gastrointestinal cancers had the highest relative risks, with a hazard ratio of 18.0 (14.4 to 22.7) corresponding to 202 cancers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The increased risk of cancer (before 25th birthday) was similar over time (1964-1989: 1.6, 1.0 to 2.4; 1990-2001: 2.3, 1.5 to 3.3); 2002-06: 2.9, 1.9 to 4.2; 2007-14: 2.2, 1.1 to 4.2).Conclusion: Childhood onset inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of any cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers, both in childhood and later in life. The higher risk of cancer has not fallen over time.
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| 309. |
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| 310. |
- Ong, Kwok Leung, et al.
(författare)
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Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease : pooled analysis of 19 cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the prospective associations of circulating levels of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers (including plant derived a linolenic acid and seafood derived eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).DESIGN: Pooled analysis.DATA SOURCES: A consortium of 19 studies from 12 countries identified up to May 2020.STUDY SELECTION: Prospective studies with measured n-3 PUFA biomarker data and incident CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Each participating cohort conducted de novo analysis with prespecified and consistent exposures, outcomes, covariates, and models. The results were pooled across cohorts using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome of incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/ min/1.73 m(2). In a sensitivity analysis, incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and <75% of baseline rate.RESULTS: 25 570 participants were included in the primary outcome analysis and 4944 (19.3%) developed incident CKD during follow-up (weighted median 11.3 years). In multivariable adjusted models, higher levels of total seafood n-3 PUFAs were associated with a lower incident CKD risk (relative risk per interquintile range 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.98; P=0.009, I-2=9.9%). In categorical analyses, participants with total seafood n-3 PUFA level in the highest fifth had 13% lower risk of incident CKD compared with those in the lowest fifth (0.87, 0.80 to 0.96; P=0.005, I-2=0.0%). Plant derived a linolenic acid levels were not associated with incident CKD (1.00, 0.94 to 1.06; P=0.94, I-2=5.8%). Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis. The association appeared consistent across subgroups by age (=60 v <60 years), estimated glomerular filtration rate (60-89 v =90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease at baseline.CONCLUSIONS: Higher seafood derived n-3 PUFA levels were associated with lower risk of incident CKD, although this association was not found for plant derived n-3 PUFAs. These results support a favourable role for seafood derived n-3 PUFAs in preventing CKD.
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