| 6801. |
- Stagg, Anne L., et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for the progression to multimorbidity among UK urban working-age adults. A community cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe progression of long-term conditions (LTCs) from zero-to-one (initiation), and from one-to-many (progression)are common trajectories that impact a person’s quality of life including their ability to work. This study aimed to explore the demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related determinants of LTC initiation and progression, with a focus on work participation.MethodsData from 622 working-age adults who had completed two waves (baseline and follow-up) of the South-East London Community Health survey were analysed. Chi square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to describe the associations between self-reported demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related variables, and the progression of LTCs.ResultsSmall social networks, an increased number of stressful life events, low self-rated health, functional impairment, and increased somatic symptom severity were all associated with both the progression from zero-to-one LTC and from one LTC to multimorbidity (two or more LTCs). Renting accommodation (RRR 1.73 [95% CI 1.03–2.90]), smoking (RRR 1.91 [95% CI 1.16–3.14]) and being overweight (RRR 1.88 [95% CL 1.12–3.16]) were unique risk factors of developing initial LTCs, whereas low income (RRR 2.53 [95% CI 1.11–5.80]), working part-time (RRR 2.82 ([95% CL 1.12–7.10]), being unemployed (RRR 4.83 [95% CI 1.69–13.84]), and making an early work exit (RRR 16.86 [95% CI 3.99–71.30]) all increased the risk of progressing from one LTC to multimorbidity compared to being employed full-time. At follow-up, depression was the most prevalent LTC in the unemployed group whereas musculoskeletal conditions were the most prevalent in those working.ConclusionsThe journey to multimorbidity is complex, with both common and unique risk factors. Non-full-time employment was associated with an increased risk of progression to multimorbidity. Future research should explore the risk and benefit pathways between employment and progression of LTCs. Interventions to prevent progression of LTCs should include mitigation of modifiable risk factors such as social isolation.
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| 6802. |
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| 6803. |
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| 6804. |
- Stanne, Tara M, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation at the BDNF locus: evidence for association with long-term outcome after ischemic stroke.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rates and extent of recovery after stroke vary considerably between individuals and genetic factors are thought to contribute to post-stroke outcome. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays important roles in brain plasticity and repair and has been shown to be involved in stroke severity, recovery, and outcome in animal models. Few clinical studies on BDNF genotypes in relation to ischemic stroke have been performed. The aims of the present study are therefore to investigate whether genetic variation at the BDNF locus is associated with initial stroke severity, recovery and/or short-term and long-term functional outcome after ischemic stroke.
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| 6805. |
- Stanton, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
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Self-determination theory in acute child and adolescent mental health inpatient care. A qualitative exploratory study
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction There is a dearth of research to guide acute adolescent mental health inpatient care. Self-determination Theory provides evidence that meeting needs for relatedness, autonomy and competence is likely to increase wellbeing and intrinsic motivation. These needs may be able to be met in the inpatient environment. Method This qualitative study aimed to explore young peoples experience of acute mental health inpatient care with particular attention to meeting of these three needs. Fifteen young people were interviewed. The importance of relatedness with staff, other young people and families was identified. Results Relatedness with staff and peers were valued parts of admission. Some young people describe enhanced relatedness with family. They described loss of autonomy as a negative experience but appreciated opportunities to be involved in choices around their care and having more freedom. Coming into hospital was associated with loss of competence but they described building competence during the admission. Engaging in activities was experienced positively and appeared to enhance meeting of all three needs. Meeting of the three needs was associated with an experience of increased safety. Conclusions Engaging young people in activities with a focus on relatedness, autonomy and competence may have specific therapeutic potential. Autonomy, experience of competence and connection with staff may enhance safety more effectively than physical containment. Peer contact may have untapped therapeutic value we understand little of. This study supports the value of Self-determination Theory as a guide day to day inpatient care to meet the needs of adolescents for relatedness, autonomy and competence.
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| 6806. |
- Stark, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Level Effects of Low Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation on Southern Toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite their potential vulnerability to contaminants from exposure at multiple life stages, amphibians are one of the least studied groups of vertebrates in ecotoxicology, and research on radiation effects in amphibians is scarce. We used multiple endpoints to assess the radiosensitivity of the southern toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris) during its pre-terrestrial stages of development -embryonic, larval, and metamorphic. Toads were exposed, from several hours after oviposition through metamorphosis (up to 77 days later), to four low dose rates of Cs-137 at 0.13, 2.4, 21, and 222 mGy d(-1), resulting in total doses up to 15.8 Gy. Radiation treatments did not affect hatching success of embryos, larval survival, or the length of the larval period. The individual family variation in hatching success of embryos was larger than the radiation response. In contrast, newly metamorphosed individuals from the higher dose-rate treatments had higher mass and mass/length body indices, a measure which may relate to higher post-metamorphic survival. The increased mass and index at higher dose rates may indicate that the chronic, low dose rate radiation exposures triggered secondary responses. Additionally, the increases in growth were linked to a decrease in DNA damage (as measured by the Comet Assay) in red blood cells at a dose rate of 21 mGy d(-1) and a total dose of 1.1 Gy. In conclusion, the complex effects of low dose rates of ionizing radiation may trigger growth and cellular repair mechanisms in amphibian larvae.
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| 6807. |
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| 6808. |
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| 6809. |
- Statello, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of RNA-binding proteins in exosomes capable of interacting with different types of RNA: RBP-facilitated transport of RNAs into exosomes.
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RNA that is packaged into exosomes is termed as exosomal-shuttle RNA (esRNA); however, the players, which take this subset of RNA (esRNA) into exosomes, remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that RNA binding proteins (RBPs) could serve as key players in this mechanism, by making complexes with RNAs and transporting them into exosomes during the biosynthesis of exosomes. Here, we demonstrate the presence of 30 RBPs in exosomes that were shown to form RNA-RBP complexes with both cellular RNA and exosomal-RNA species. To assess the involvement of these RBPs in RNA-transfer into exosomes, the gene transcripts encoding six of the proteins identified in exosomes (HSP90AB1, XPO5, hnRNPH1, hnRNPM, hnRNPA2B1, and MVP) were silenced by siRNA and subsequent effect on esRNA was assessed. A significant reduction of total esRNA was observed by post-transcriptional silencing of MVP, compared to other RBPs. Furthermore, to confirm the binding of MVP with esRNA, a biotinylated-MVP was transiently expressed in HEK293F cells. Higher levels of esRNA were recovered from MVP that was eluted from exosomes of transfected cells, as compared to those of non-transfected cells. Our data indicate that these RBPs could end up in exosomes together with RNA molecules in the form of RNA-ribonucleoprotein complexes, which could be important for the transport of RNAs into exosomes and the maintenance of RNAs inside exosomes. This type of maintenance may favor the shuttling of RNAs from exosomes to recipient cells in the form of stable complexes.
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| 6810. |
- Stattin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Prior physical illness predicts death better than acute physiological derangement on intensive care unit admission in COVID-19 : A Swedish registry study
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay and considerable mortality. The onset of persistent critical illness, defined as when prior illness predicts death better than acute physiological derangement, has not been studied in COVID-19. This national cohort study based on the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) included all patients admitted to a Swedish ICU due to COVID-19 from 6 March 2020 to 9 November 2021. Simplified Acute Physiology Score-3 (SAPS3) Box 1 was used as a measure of prior illness and Box 3 as a measure of acute derangement to evaluate the onset and importance of persistent critical illness in COVID-19. To compare predictive capacity, the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of SAPS3 and its constituent Box 1 and 3 was calculated for 30-day mortality. In 7 969 patients, of which 1 878 (23.6%) died within 30 days of ICU admission, the complete SAPS3 score had acceptable discrimination: AUC 0.75 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.76) but showed under prediction in low-risk patients and over prediction in high-risk patients. SAPS3 Box 1 showed markedly better discrimination than Box 3 (AUC 0.74 vs 0.65, P<0,0001). Using custom logistic models, the difference in predictive performance of prior and acute illness was validated, AUC 0.76 vs AUC 0.69, p<0.0001. Prior physical illness predicts death in COVID-19 better than acute physiological derangement during ICU stay, and the whole SAPS3 score is not significantly better than just prior illness. The results suggests that COVID-19 may exhibit similarities to persistent critical illness immediately from ICU admission, potentially because of long median ICU length-of-stay. Alternatively, the variables in the acute physiological derangement model may not adequately capture the severity of illness in COVID-19.
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