| 61. |
- Bermon, S, et al.
(författare)
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Women with hyperandrogenism in elite sports: scientific and ethical rationales for regulating
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 100:3, s. 828-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent implementation by some major sports-governing bodies of policies governing eligibility of females with hyperandrogenism to compete in women’s sports has raised a lot of attention and is still a controversial issue. This short article addresses two main subjects of controversy: the existing scientific basis supporting performance enhancing of high blood T levels in elite female athletes, and the ethical rationale and considerations about these policies. Given the recently published data about both innate and acquired hyperandrogenic conditions and their prevalence in elite female sports, we claim that the high level of androgens are per se performance enhancing. Regulating women with clinical and biological hyperandrogenism is an invitation to criticism because biological parameters of sex are not neatly divided into only two categories in the real world. It is, however, the responsibility of the sports-governing bodies to do their best to guarantee a level playing field to all athletes. In order not cloud the discussions about the policies on hyperandrogenism in sports, issues of sports eligibility and therapeutic options should always be considered and explained separately, even if they may overlap. Finally, some proposals for refining the existing policies are made in the present article.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Betz, Mattias J., et al.
(författare)
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Presence of Brown Adipocytes in Retroperitoneal Fat From Patients With Benign Adrenal Tumors: Relationship With Outdoor Temperature
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:10, s. 4097-4104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically highly active organ with increased thermogenic activity in rodents exposed to cold temperature. Recently its presence in the cervical adipose tissue of human adults and its association with a favorable metabolic phenotype have been reported. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of retroperitoneal BAT in human adults. Patients: Fifty-seven patients who underwent surgery for benign adrenal tumors were included in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of retroperitoneal BAT adjacent to the removed adrenal tumor as determined by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein and mRNA expression was measured. Results: Using protein and mRNA expression analysis, we detected UCP1 protein in 26 of 57 patients (45.6%) as well as high mRNA expression of genes characteristic for brown adipocytes, independent of the adrenal tumor type. The presence of brown adipocytes within the retroperitoneal fat was associated with a significantly lower outdoor temperature during the month prior to surgery. Importantly, UCP1 expression on both mRNA and protein level was inversely correlated to outdoor temperature, whereas body mass index, sex, age, and diabetes status were not. Conclusions: These findings suggest that human retroperitoneal adipose tissue can acquire a BAT phenotype, thereby adapting to environmental challenges. These adaptive processes might provide a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
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| 64. |
- Bidlingmaier, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Intervals for Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) From Birth to Senescence: Results From a Multicenter Study Using a New Automated Chemiluminescence IGF-1 Immunoassay Conforming to Recent International Recommendations.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 99:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Measurement of IGF-1 is a cornerstone in diagnosis and monitoring of GH-related diseases, but considerable discrepancies exist between analytical methods. A recent consensus conference defined criteria for validation of IGF-1 assays and for establishment of normative data. Objectives: Our objectives were development and validation of a novel automated IGF-1 immunoassay (iSYS; Immunodiagnostic Systems) according to international guidelines and establishment of method-specific age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals and analysis of their robustness. Setting and Participants: We conducted a multicenter study with samples from 12 cohorts from the United States, Canada, and Europe including 15ü014 subjects (6697 males and 8317 females, 0-94 years of age). Main Outcome Measures: We measured concentrations of IGF-1 as determined by the IDS iSYS IGF-1 assay. Results: A new IGF-1 assay calibrated against the recommended standard (02/254) and insensitive to the 6 high-affinity IGF binding proteins was developed and rigorously validated. Age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals derived from a uniquely large cohort reflect the age-related pattern of IGF-1 secretion: a decline immediately after birth followed by an increase until a pubertal peak (at 15 years of age). Later in life, values decrease continuously. The impact of gender is small, although across the lifespan, women have lower mean IGF-1 concentrations. Geographical region, sampling setting (community or hospital based), and rigor of exclusion criteria in our large cohort did not affect the reference intervals. Conclusions: Using large cohorts of well-characterized subjects from different centers allowed construction of robust reference ranges for a new automated IGF-1 assay. The strict adherence to recent consensus criteria for IGF-1 assays might facilitate clinical application of the results.
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| 65. |
- Billings, Liana K., et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Rare Genetic Variation in SLC30A8 on Diabetes Incidence and beta-Cell Function
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 99:5, s. 926-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context/Objective: The variant rs13266634 in SLC30A8, encoding a beta-cell-specific zinc transporter, is associated with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify other variants in SLC30A8 that increase diabetes risk and impair beta-cell function, and test whether zinc intake modifies this risk. Design/Outcome: We sequenced exons in SLC30A8 in 380 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants and identified 44 novel variants, which were genotyped in 3445 DPP participants and tested for association with diabetes incidence and measures of insulin secretion and processing. We examined individual common variants and used gene burden tests to test 39 rare variants in aggregate. Results: We detected a near-nominal association between a rare-variant genotype risk score and diabetes risk. Five common variants were associated with the oral disposition index. Various methods aggregating rare variants demonstrated associations with changes in oral disposition index and insulinogenic index during year 1 of follow-up. We did not find a clear interaction of zinc intake with genotype on diabetes incidence. Conclusions: Individual common and an aggregate of rare genetic variation in SLC30A8 are associated with measures of beta-cell function in the DPP. Exploring rare variation may complement ongoing efforts to uncover the genetic influences that underlie complex diseases.
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| 66. |
- Billings, Liana K., et al.
(författare)
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Variation in maturity-onset diabetes of the young genes influence response to interventions for diabetes prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:8, s. 2678-2689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Variation in genes that cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has been associated with diabetes incidence and glycemic traits. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether genetic variation in MODY genes leads to differential responses to insulin-sensitizing interventions. Design and Setting: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), involving 27 US academic institutions. We genotyped 22 missense and 221 common variants in the MODY-causing genes in the participants in the DPP. Participants and Interventions: The study included 2806 genotyped DPP participants randomized to receive intensive lifestyle intervention (n = 935), metformin (n = 927), or placebo (n = 944). Main Outcome Measures: Association of MODY genetic variants with diabetes incidence at a median of 3 years and measures of 1-year β-Cell function, insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index. Analyses were stratified by treatment group for significant single-nucleotide polymorphism 3 treatment interaction (Pint, 0.05). Sequence kernel association tests examined the association between an aggregate of rare missense variants and insulinogenic traits. Results: After 1 year, the minor allele of rs3212185 (HNF4A) was associated with improved β-Cell function in the metformin and lifestyle groups but not the placebo group; the minor allele of rs6719578 (NEUROD1) was associated with an increase in insulin secretion in the metformin group but not in the placebo and lifestyle groups. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that genetic variation among MODY genes may influence response to insulin-sensitizing interventions.
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| 67. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Modulatory effect of raloxifene and estrogen on the metabolic action of growth hormone in hypopituitary women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 95:5, s. 2099-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metabolic action of GH is attenuated by estrogens administered via the oral route. Selective estrogen receptor modulators lower IGF-I to a lesser degree than 17beta-estradiol in GH-deficient women, and their effect on fat and protein metabolism is unknown.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Bjarnason, Ragnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increases in serum after the start of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:10, s. 5156-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both GH and IGF-I stimulate bone growth, but the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on the growth plate are not fully understood. We measured gene expression by microarray analysis in primary cultured human chondrocytes treated with either GH or IGF-I. One of the genes found to be up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I was that encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). This protein is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Mutations in the COMP gene have been associated with syndromes of short stature. To verify that COMP is regulated by GH in vivo, we measured COMP levels in serum in short children treated with GH. The study included 113 short prepubertal children (14 girls and 99 boys) with a mean (+/- sd) age of 8.84 +/- 2.76 yr, height sd score of -2.74 +/- 0.67, and IGF-I sd score of -1.21 +/- 1.07 at the start of GH administration. Serum levels of COMP were 1.58 +/- 0.28, 1.83 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.91 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.78 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001), and 1.70 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05) microg/ml at baseline and after 1 wk and 1, 3, and 12 months, respectively.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COMP expression is up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I in primary cultured human chondrocytes. Furthermore, serum levels of COMP increase after the start of GH treatment in short children.
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| 70. |
- Bjornsdottir, Sigridur, et al.
(författare)
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Drug Prescription Patterns in Patients With Addison's Disease : A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:5, s. 2009-2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: There are no published data on drug prescription in patients with Addison's disease ( AD). Objective: Our objective was to describe the drug prescription patterns in Swedish AD patients before and after diagnosis compared with population controls. Design and Setting: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Patients: Through the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, we identified 1305 patients with both a diagnosis of AD and on combination treatment with hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate and fludrocortisone. Direct evidence of the AD diagnosis from patient charts was not available. We identified 11 996 matched controls by the Register of Population. Main Outcome Measure: We determined the ratio of observed to expected number of patients treated with prescribed drugs. Results: Overall, Swedish AD patients received more prescribed drugs than controls, and 59.3% of the AD patients had medications indicating concomitant autoimmune disease. Interestingly, both before and after the diagnosis of AD, patients used more gastrointestinal medications, antianemic preparations, lipid-modifying agents, antibiotics for systemic use, hypnotics and sedatives, and drugs for obstructive airway disease (all P values < .05). Notably, an increased prescription of several antihypertensive drugs and high-ceiling diuretics was observed after the diagnosis of AD. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia, especially in conjunction with autoimmune disorders, should alert the physician about the possibility of AD. The higher use of drugs for cardiovascular disorders after diagnosis in patients with AD raises concerns about the replacement therapy.
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