| 31. |
- Chen, Xiaojing, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of cardiac dysfunction or overt heart failure in 71-year-old men: A 21-year follow-up of "The Study of men born in 1943"
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:7, s. 717-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about long-term risk factors and the prevalence of heart failure stages in general population is limited. We aimed to study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in 71-year-old men and potential risk factors in the past two decades. Design: This research was based on a randomized selected population study with longitudinal follow-up. Methods: A random sample of men born in 1943 in Gothenburg, Sweden were examined in 1993 (at 50 years of age) and re-examined 21 years later in 2014 (at 71 years of age). Cardiac dysfunction or heart failure was classified into four stages (A-D) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on heart failure. Results:Of the 798 men examined in 1993 (overall cohort), 535 (67%) were re-examined in 2014 (echo cohort). In the echo cohort 122 (23%) men had normal cardiac function, 135 (25%) were at stage A, 207 (39%) men were at stage B, 66 (12%) men were at stage C, and five (1%) men were at stage D. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that elevated body mass index at 50 years old was the only independent risk factor for developing heart failure/cardiac dysfunction during the subsequent 21 years. For each unit (1 kg/m(2)) of increased body mass index, the odds ratio for stages C/D heart failure vs no heart failure/stage A increased by 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.31, p < 0.001), after adjustment for smoking, sedentary life style, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: In a random sample of men at 71 years of age, half presented with either cardiac dysfunction or clinical heart failure. High body mass index was associated with an increased risk for developing cardiac dysfunction or heart failure over a 21-year period.
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| 32. |
- Clays, Els, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively measured occupational physical activities in blue collar jobs: do psychosocial resources matter?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 24:2S
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Occupational physical activity (OPA), and particularly static postures and physically exerting activities, is known to impact worker health and to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal problems, sickness absence and premature retirement. The exploration of structural preventive measures at the workplace against the adverse health effects of excessive OPA is needed. The psychosocial work environment is hypothesised to buffer the adverse effects of OPA, and as such psychosocial resources might directly influence the performance of OPA. However, this has not been previously investigated with detailed objective measurements. The aim of this study is to describe OPA within blue-collar workers, and to examine the role of psychosocial job resources in the performance of OPA.Methods: Results are based on a sample of 198 blue-collar workers from the NOMAD (New method for Objective Measurements of physical Activity in Daily living) study, recruited from seven workplaces in Denmark. The sample included 112 men (56.6%) and 86 women (43.4%); the mean age was 44.9 years (SD 9.9). Data were collected with two Actigraph devices placed on the thigh and trunk, during four consecutive days. The accelerometer data were processed and analysed using the Acti4 software, to determine working time spent standing, walking, on feet and in activity of moderate to vigorous intensity level (MVPA). The level of influence and social support at work were assessed by questionnaire, and measured with a four-item scale. Analysis of (co-)variance and (multiple) linear regression models were conducted. All analyses were stratified by gender predominance of occupation.Results: The different types of OPA significantly varied by particular job type. Within male predominant occupations, job type accounted for 50–70% of explained variance, depending on the type of OPA. Manufacturing workers showed the highest average proportions of working time standing (33%) and on feet (79%), while garbage collectors had the highest proportion of working time in MVPA (33%). Mobile plant operators and construction workers had the lowest average working time spent walking and in MVPA. Differences in OPA between job types in female predominant occupations were less pronounced, but healthcare workers and cleaners had higher average proportions of time spent walking and in MVPA compared to assembly workers. The addition of age and psychosocial resources to the models did not contribute to a larger explained variance in OPA and the relations with job type remained significant. Social support at work showed an independent positive relation with working on feet, and with standing in female predominant jobs only. Influence at work was not related to OPA.Conclusion: The positive relation of social support with working on feet and standing is likely to be explained by the nature of the work tasks, as jobs that require these activities probably comprise more close interactions and as such create more intensified levels of cooperation at the work floor. Overall, our hypothesis that psychosocial job resources would affect the performance of OPA within blue-collar workers was not confirmed. These findings suggest that the performance of OPA within blue-collarjobs – and particularly within male predominant occupations – is mostly affected by work organisational factors related to specific job type, and not by psychosocial job resources.
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| 33. |
- Coenen, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in heart rate reserve during occupational and leisure time physical activity in Danish blue-collar workers
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 24:2S, s. 33-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Physical activity (PA) is considered to be an important factor in the prevention of various cardiovascular diseases. However, recent studies suggest that while leisure time PA promotes cardiovascular health, occupational PA might impair cardiovascular health. An explanation for this PA health paradox may be a difference in the intensity and associated physical demands between occupational and leisure time PA. Occupational PA often consists of low-intensity, long-lasting physically demanding tasks, such as repetitive work and prolonged static working postures, which are presumed to cause sustained elevated heart rate that may stress the cardiovascular system. Despite this notion, the differences in physiological responses between occupational and leisure time PA are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed: (a) to study the difference in intensity of occupational and leisure time PA (expressed in percentage heart rate reserve; % HRR); and b) to assess whether this potential difference varies by gender and cardiorespiratory fitness level.Methods: We used data from the NOMAD study, in which Danish blue-collar workers from seven different workplaces took part in a four-day protocol of objective measurements of PA (using hip and thigh-worn accelerometers) and heart rate (using an ambulatory heart rate monitor). During occupational and leisure time, activities of sitting, standing, moving, walking and stair climbing were identified, and %HRR in each of these activities was determined. Differences in %HRR between occupational and leisure time PA were tested using generalised estimating equations (expressed in regression coefficient – beta with 95% confidence interval (CI)) adjusted for personal, health,work and lifestyle confounders.Result: In 124 workers with data on PA and heart rate, %HRR was higher for occupational PA compared to leisure time PA (beta1.9, 95% CI2.4,1.4,P<0.001). Differences in %HRR between occupational and leisure time PA were more pronounced in men than in women, and in those with high cardiorespiratory fitness compared to those with low cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusion: This study is the first to assess differences in %HRR between occupational and leisure time PA, using objectiv emeasurements in blue-collarworkers. Cardiovascular intensity was higher in occupational activities (possibly due to additional physical and/or mental workloads) compared to the same activities during leisure time. The increase in cardiovascular intensity at work maybe a contributing factor to the health paradox of occupational and leisure time PA, suggesting negative cardiovascular health consequences for engagement in occupational PA (see Figure 1).
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| 34. |
- Condén, Emelie, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Is type D personality an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 24:5, s. 522-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Type D personality refers to a combination of simultaneously high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The present study aimed to examine whether type D personality was independently associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients, using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Methods: Utilising data from the Vastmanland Myocardial Infarction Study, 946 post-acute myocardial infarction patients having data on the DS14 instrument used to measure type D personality were followed-up for recurrent myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality until 9 December 2015. Data were analysed using Cox regression, adjusted for established risk factors. Results: In total, 133 (14.1%) patients suffered from type D personality. During a mean follow-up time for recurrent myocardial infarction of 5.7 (3.2) years, 166 (17.5%) patients were affected by recurrent myocardial infarction, of which 26 (15.7%) had type D personality, while during a mean follow-up time for all-cause mortality of 6.3 (2.9) years, 321 (33.9%) patients died, of which 42 (13.1%) had type D personality. After adjusting for established risk factors, type D personality was not significantly associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality. A weak association was found between the social inhibition part of type D personality and a decreased risk of all-cause mortality, but this association was not significant after taking missing data into account in a multiple imputation analysis. Conclusions: No support was found for type D personality being independently associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients, using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of pre-participation cardiac evaluation recommendations among athletes participating in World Athletics Championships
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:14, s. 1480-1490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Athletes competing in athletics (track and field) at international level may be participating with underlying undiagnosed life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. Our objective was to analyse variations in pre-participation cardiac evaluation prevalence among athletes participating in two International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Athletics Championships, with regard to the human developmental level and global region of their home countries, as well as athletes’ age category, gender, event group and medical insurance type.Design Cross-sectional web-based survey.MethodsA total of 1785 athletes competing in the IAAF World Under 18 Championships Nairobi 2017 and World Championships London 2017 were invited to complete a pre-participation health questionnaire investigating the experience of a pre-participation cardiac examination.Results A total of 704 (39%) of the athletes participated. Among these, 59% (60% of women; 58% of men) reported that they had been provided at least one type of pre-participation cardiac evaluation. Athletes from very high income countries, Europe and Asia, showed a higher prevalence of at least one pre-participation cardiac evaluation.Conclusions The prevalence of pre-participation cardiac evaluation in low to middle income countries, and the African continent in particular, needs urgent attention. Furthermore, increases in evaluation prevalence should be accompanied by the development of cost-effective methods that can be adopted in all global regions.
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| 37. |
- Dal Canto, E, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: An overview of global trends of macro and micro vascular complications
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4881 .- 2047-4873. ; 26:2_SUPPL2_suppl, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global prevalence of diabetes is predicted to increase dramatically in the coming decades as the population grows and ages, in parallel with the rising burden of overweight and obesity, in both developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular disease represents the principal cause of death and morbidity among people with diabetes, especially in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adults with diabetes have 2–4 times increased cardiovascular risk compared with adults without diabetes, and the risk rises with worsening glycaemic control. Diabetes has been associated with 75% increase in mortality rate in adults, and cardiovascular disease accounts for a large part of the excess mortality. Diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complications, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy are responsible for the impaired quality of life, disability and premature death associated with diabetes. Given the substantial clinical impact of diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor, there has been a growing focus on diabetes-related complications. While some population-based studies suggest that the epidemiology of such complications is changing and that rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with diabetes are decreasing in high-income countries, the economic and social burden of diabetes is expected to rise due to changing demographics and lifestyle especially in middle- and low-income countries. In this review we outline data from population-based studies on recent and long-term trends in diabetes-related complications.
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| 38. |
- Dallongeville, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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Survey of physicians' practices in the control of cardiovascular risk factors : the EURIKA study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4881 .- 2047-4873. ; 19:3, s. 541-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess the practices of physicians in 12 European countries in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: In 2009, 806 physicians from 12 European countries answered a questionnaire, delivered electronically or by post, regarding their assessment of patients with cardiovascular risk factors, and their use of risk calculation tools and clinical practice guidelines (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00882336). Approximately 60 physicians per country were selected (participation rate varied between 3.1% in Sweden and 22.8% in Turkey).RESULTS: Among participating physicians, 85.2% reported using at least one clinical guideline for CVD prevention. The most popular were the ESC guidelines (55.1%). Reasons for not using guidelines included: the wide choice available (47.1%), time constraints (33.3%), lack of awareness of guidelines (27.5%), and perception that guidelines are unrealistic (23.5%). Among all physicians, 68.5% reported using global risk calculation tools. Written charts were the preferred method (69.4%) and the most commonly used was the SCORE equation (35.4%). Reasons for not using equations included time constraints (59.8%), not being convinced of their usefulness (21.7%) and lack of awareness (19.7%). Most physicians (70.8%) believed that global risk-equations have limitations; 89.8% that equations overlook important risk factors, and 66.5% that they could not be used in elderly patients. Only 46.4% of physicians stated that their local healthcare framework was sufficient for primary prevention of CVD, while 67.2% stated that it was sufficient for secondary prevention of CVD.CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of physicians reported using clinical guidelines for primary CVD prevention. However, time constraints, lack of perceived usefulness and inadequate knowledge were common reasons for not using CVD prevention guidelines or global CVD risk assessment tools.
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| 39. |
- De Backer, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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A short history of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 29:9, s. 1301-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The EAPC is now fit to address future challenges with a unified organization and strong multidisciplinary leadership together with the EJPC, the annual ESC Preventive Cardiology Congress, strong representation of preventive cardiology in the annual ESC Congresses, the ESC Textbook and Handbook of Preventive Cardiology, postgraduate educational activities, position papers and involvement in guidelines related to all aspects of preventive cardiology together with accreditations and a core curriculum for preventive cardiology as major assets under a common brand addressing primordial, primary, and secondary prevention of CVD.
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| 40. |
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