| 251. |
|
|
| 252. |
|
|
| 253. |
|
|
| 254. |
- Maurin Söderholm, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Research challenges in prehospital care : the need for a simulation-based prehospital research laboratory
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628 .- 2059-0628. ; 4:3, s. 1-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for improved research in the field of prehospital care. At the same time, there are many barriers in prehospital research due to the complex context, posing unique challenges for research, development, and evaluation. The present paper argues for the potential of simulation for prehospital research, e.g., through the development of an advanced simulation-based prehospital research laboratory. However, the prehospital context is different from other healthcare areas, which implies special requirements for the design of this type of laboratory, in terms of simulation width (including the entire prehospital work process) and depth (level of scenario detail). A set of features pertaining to simulation width, scenario depth, equipment, and personnel and competence are proposed. Close tailoring between these features and the prehospital research problems and context presents great potential to improve and further prehospital research.
|
|
| 255. |
- McGreevy, Paul, et al.
(författare)
-
Problems at the human-horse interface and prospects for smart textile solutions
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-7878 .- 1878-7517. ; 9:1, s. 34-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant potential for so-called “smart textiles” in the design of the next generation of devices that measure pressure, tension, moisture, and heat at the humanehorse interface is discussed in this article. Research techniques from theoretical and experimental physics laboratories, combined with wireless technology, can be readily adapted to measure and store metrics for numerous variables in equine structure and function. Activities, such as breathing, the extension and flexion of joints, limb kinematics, and cardiac function, can be logged as indicators of physiological and behavioral conditioning (training). Such metrics may also, one day, support veterinary diagnostics but also play a role in safeguarding sporthorse welfare, especially in elite contexts where the horse may be pushed to its functional limits. As such, they are likely to emerge as an area of great interest to equitation and welfare scientists. It is important to note that smart textiles sense and react to exogenous stimuli via integrated sensors. So, beyond the equitation science laboratory, the emergence of polymers and smart materials may enhance the effectiveness of, or challenge us to completely rethink, traditional items of saddlery, thus improving equitation. The integration of smart textiles in all sorts of extant and emergent equipment for everyday equestrians could, in the future, lead to equipment that responds appropriately to the demands of equitation in its various forms. Rethinking equitation through physics and the use of smart textiles seems to have merit in that it is a novel means of both investigating and addressing problems that compromise the welfare and performance of horses. The purpose of this article is to envision the use of smart textiles in research, clinical, equestrian, and horse care contexts.
|
|
| 256. |
- Mehrjerdi, A. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of high-density polyethylene modified with talc
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 1097-4628 .- 0021-8995. ; 129:4, s. 2128-2138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the physical, mechanical, and thermo-physical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) modified with talc. Different weight fractions of talc (up to 35 wt %) were compounded with an HDPE matrix containing 2.5 wt % of carbon black (CB) in a twin-screw compounder. The composites were then processed by injection moulding to obtain specimens for testing. The results indicate that CB causes a significant decrease in the toughness, while talc not only enhances the thermal conductivity and thermo-physical properties of the composites but can also play a role in compensating for the negative effects of CB on impact resistance. The experimental data show that the presence of CB reduces the impact resistance of HDPE by up to 34%, while addition of up to 8 wt % talc can return this value to close to that of pure HDPE. No significant effect on the composite tensile yield and fracture strength was observed for either component at all concentrations. The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific density values of the composites increased almost linearly, but the increase in moisture absorption in the long term showed nonlinear behavior in the concentration range of the experiment.
|
|
| 257. |
- Millati, Ria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Anaerobic digestion of citrus waste using two-stage membrane bioreactor
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. - 1757-8981 .- 1757-899X. ; 316:1
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion is a promising method to treat citrus waste. However, the presence of limonene in citrus waste inhibits anaerobic digestion process. Limonene is an antimicrobial compound and could inhibit methane forming bacteria that takes a longer time to recover than the injured acid forming bacteria. Hence, volatile fatty acids will be accumulated and methane production will be decreased. One way to solve this problem is by conducting anaerobic digestion process into two stages. The first step is aimed for hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetogenesis reactions and the second stage is aimed for methanogenesis reaction. The separation of the system would further allow each stage in their optimum conditions making the process more stable. In this research, anaerobic digestion was carried out in batch operations using 120 ml-glass bottle bioreactors in 2 stages. The first stage was performed in free-cells bioreactor, whereas the second stage was performed in both bioreactor of free cells and membrane bioreactor. In the first stage, the reactor was set into 'anaerobic' and 'semi-aerobic' conditions to examine the effect of oxygen on facultative anaerobic bacteria in acid production. In the second stage, the protection of membrane towards the cells against limonene was tested. For the first stage, the basal medium was prepared with 1.5 g VS of inoculum and 4.5 g VS of citrus waste. The digestion process was carried out at 55°C for four days. For the second stage, the membrane bioreactor was prepared with 3 g of cells that were encased and sealed in a 3×6 cm 2 polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The medium contained 40 ml basal medium and 10 ml liquid from the first stage. The bioreactors were incubated at 55°C for 2 days under anaerobic condition. The results from the first stage showed that the maximum total sugar under 'anaerobic' and 'semi-aerobic' conditions was 294.3 g/l and 244.7 g/l, respectively. The corresponding values for total volatile fatty acids were 3.8 g/l and 2.9 g/l, respectively. Methane production of citrus waste taken from the first stage under 'anaerobic' condition in membrane and free-cells bioreactors was 11.2 Nml and 7.2 Nml, respectively. Whereas, methane production of citrus waste taken from the first stage under 'semi-aerobic' condition in membrane and free-cells bioreactors was 8.8 Nml and 5.7 Nml, respectively. It can be seen from the results of the first stage that volatile fatty acids from 'anaerobic' condition was higher than that of 'semi-aerobic' condition. The absence of oxygen provides the optimal condition for growth and metabolism of facultative and obligatorily anaerobic bacteria in the first stage. Furthermore, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was able to protect the cells from antimicrobial compounds.
|
|
| 258. |
- Millati, Ria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethanol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch via Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation by Mucor indicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Agricultural Journal. - : Medwell Journals. - 1994-4616 .- 1816-9155. ; 6:2, s. 54-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was hydrolyzed in a one-stage hydrolysis using dilute-sulfuric acid (0.2, 0.8%) at 170-230°C with a holding time of 5 and 15 min. The maximum yield of xylose was 135.94 g kg-1 OPEFB, obtained at 0.8% acid, 190°C and 5 min. The maximum yield of glucose was 62.70 g kg-1 OPEFB, obtained at 0.8% acid, 210°C and 5 min. Based on these results, two-stage hydrolysis was performed to produce hydrolyzates for the fermentation process. Hydrolyzate from the first stage was fermented by Mucor indicus while the hydrolyzate from the second stage was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The corresponding ethanol yields were 0.45 and 0.46 g ethanol g-1 sugar consumed.
|
|
| 259. |
- Millati, Ria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethanol production from xylose and wood hydrolyzate by Mucor indicus at different aeration rates
- 2008
-
Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 3:4, s. 1020-1029
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungus Mucor indicus is able to produce ethanol from xylose as well as dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolyzates. The fungus completely assimilated 10 g/L xylose as the sole carbon and energy source within 32 to 65 h at an aeration rate of 0.1 to 1.0 vvm. The highest ethanol yield was 0.16 g/g at 0.1 vvm. Xylitol was formed intermediately with a maximum yield of 0.22 g/g at 0.5 vvm., but disappeared towards the end of experiments. During cultivation in a mixture of xylose and glucose, the fungus did not assimilate xylose as long as glucose was present in the medium. The anaerobic cultivation of the fungus in the hydrolyzate containing 20% xylose and 80% hexoses resulted in no assimilation of xylose but complete consumption of the hexoses in less than 15 h. The ethanol yield was 0.44 g/g. However, the xylose in the hydrolyzate was consumed when the media were aerated at 0.067 to 0.333 vvm. The best ethanol yield was 0.44 g/g at 0.067 vvm. The results of this study suggest that M. indicus hydrolyzate can be first fermented anaerobically for hexose assimilation and subsequently continued under oxygen-limited conditions for xylose fermentation.
|
|
| 260. |
- Millati, Ria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Mucor in ethanol production from glucose, xylose, and wood hydrolyzates
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Enzyme and microbial technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0229 .- 1879-0909. ; 36:2-3, s. 294-300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In searching for ethanol producing microorganisms also capable of fermenting pentoses, nine zygomycetes strains including three strains of Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor corticolous, M. hiemalis, M. indicus, Rhizomucor pusillus, R. miehei, and zygomycete IT were examined. Each strain was cultivated on glucose, xylose or dilute-acid hydrolyzate (DAH) as carbon sources, and the production of ethanol, lactic acid, glycerol, xylitol, and succinic acid were investigated. Great similarities but also conspicuous differences were seen between the species, to some extent linked to the genera. All strains were capable of growing on glucose or xylose as single carbon source. With the exception of the two Rhizomucor strains, all produced ethanol. All the strains produced glycerol as by-product, while Rhizopus and Rhizomucor but not Mucor produced lactic acid in significant amounts. All Mucor and Rhizopus strains and one strain of Rhizomucor produced xylitol in the xylose medium, but no xylitol was detected after growth on DAH. All Mucor and two R. oryzae strains were capable of growing on DAH. Two Mucor species, M. hiemalis and M. indicus showed greater ethanol production than the other strains. The ethanol yields by M. hiemalis on glucose, xylose, and DAH were 0.39, 0.18, and 0.44 g/g, respectively, whereas the corresponding results for M. indicus were 0.39, 0.22, and 0.44 g/g. The strains also rapidly consumed hydroxymethyl furfural present in DAH.
|
|
