| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Trafikbuller – ett högljutt hot mot folkhälsan
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BakgrundRegelbunden fysisk aktivitet har positiva hälsoeffekter, och många vill vara fysiskt aktiva, men upplever inte sällan olika hinder för det, till exempel tidsbrist. Att gå eller cykla till arbetet är därför en intressant möjlighet i detta sammanhang, då fysiskt aktiv arbetspendling ofta är tidseffektivt. Dessutom krävs sällan någon specialutrustning, startsträckan är kort och avstånden kan anpassas så att man går, cyklar hela eller delar av sträckan mellan hem och arbetsplats. Om färdvägsmiljön dessutom upplevs som stimulerande och trygg kan den sannolikt bidra till att upprätthålla ett beteende, och på så vis medverka till att många individer får en angelägen ”dos” fysisk aktivitet. Studier av hur olika trafikvariabler samspelar, och hur dessa i sin tur påverkar vår uppfattning om en färdvägsmiljö ger inga entydiga svar. Syftet med denna studie var därför att studera de interna sambanden mellan fyra olika variabler relaterade till motortrafik: hastighet, flöde, buller och avgaser samt hur dessa, i olika kombinationer, inverkar på uppfattningen om en miljö är hindrande eller stimulerande respektive trygg eller otrygg för arbetspendling till fots.Metod294 arbetspendlande fotgängare (49.5 ± 10.4 år, 77 % kvinnor) rekryterades via annonser, och deras upplevelser av sina färdvägsmiljöer i Stockholms innerstad har nyttjats i våra analyser. Upplevelserna skattades med färdvägsmiljöskalan ”The Active Commuting Route Environment Scale” (ACRES). Den innehåller utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken, samt ett antal miljöprediktorer, varav vi har nyttjat de fyra som är relaterade till motortrafik: flöde av motorfordon, hastighet, buller och avgaser. Såväl trafikvariabler som utfallsvariabler skattades med 15-gradiga skalor. För att analysera sambanden mellan trafikvariablerna och utfallsvariablerna användes multipla regressionsanalyser. ResultatAlla trafikvariabler var i sig själva negativt relaterade de båda utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken. När istället de fyra trafikvariablerna analyserades samtidigt i förhållande till om miljön upplevdes som hindrande eller stimulerande samt otrygg eller trygg var det enbart buller som var negativt relaterad till de båda utfallsvariablerna. Hastighet hade en negativ roll i förhållande till trygghetsvariabeln. Analyserna visade dessutom att både flöde av motorfordon och hastighet förutspådde buller.SlutsatserSamtidigt som varje trafikvariabel är negativt relaterad till hur färdvägsmiljöer upplevs av fotgängare, framträder motorfordons buller och hastigheter som de variabler som är mest bekymmersamma för fotgängare. Studier som denna kan utgöra ett underlag för arbetet med att skapa attraktiva miljöer för fotgängare, och därmed bidra till bättre folkhälsa, förändrade pendlingsmönster i urbana miljöer samt ökad ekologisk hållbarhet.
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| 63. |
- Andersson, Dan
(författare)
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Viktigt ge barnen en rörlig livsstil
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. ; :24 februari, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- FYSISK AKTIVITET Trots nya kunskaper är vi i dag mer stillasittande än någonsin. Därför blir idrott och hälsa ett av skolans i särklass viktigaste ämnen och en av idrottslärarnas viktigaste uppgifter att inspirera till regelbunden fysisk aktivitet, skriver Dan Andersson.
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| 64. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025 .- 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 75:2, s. 115-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Diverging intramuscular activity patterns in back and abdominal muscles during trunk rotation.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1528-1159 .- 0362-2436. ; 27:6, s. E152-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed on trunk rotations during sitting and standing. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide new information on activation levels for deep trunk muscles in various unresisted and resisted trunk rotations. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Frequent daily trunk twisting and decreased maximal strength during trunk rotation have been associated with low back pain or sciatic pain. However, the involvement of deep trunk muscles during different trunk rotations is relatively unknown. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted, under ultrasound guidance, into psoas, quadratus lumborum, the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae (ES-s, multifidus) and its deep lateral portion (ES-d, iliocostalis), iliacus, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus. RESULTS: The highest involvement for all muscles was observed on the ipsilateral side, in maximal trunk twists with shoulder resistance, except obliquus externus, which showed a dominant contralateral side, and rectus abdominis, which was little activated in all rotations. In contrast, maximal trunk twist without shoulder resistance, i.e., freely performed, resulted generally in lower levels for all muscles involved and in a shift of side dominance for the lumbar muscles quadratus lumborum, psoas, and ES-s. CONCLUSIONS: During trunk rotations the activity patterns for various trunk muscles could drastically change, and even be the opposite, between the two body sides, within the same type of task, depending on several factors such as initial position, effort level, sitting or standing, and external shoulder resistance.
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| 67. |
- Andersson, Eva A
(författare)
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EMG and strength in trunk and hip muscles
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study the myouelectric activity of all major muscles involved in the movements and stabilization of the trunk, pelvis and hips during training exercises, postures, motor tasks, maximal strength performance and locomotion. By use of ultra-sound, EMG electrodes could be guided safely and accurately into muscles situated even close to the spinal column, such as psoas, quadratus lumborum and deep parts of erector spinae. A task specific variation in activation levels were seen between muscle synergies, as well as between individual muscles within a synergy. Selective engagement of the abdominal muscles could be achieved in trunk flexion sit-ups, that is lifting only the upper trunk from the floor. An even higher activation of abdominal muscles was needed for static stabilization of the trunk and pelvis during hip flexion sit-ups, whereas single leg lifts were performed without involvement of the abdominal muscles. A selective activation of either the iliacus or psoas muscle was observed, for example in certain types of training exercises and in walking and running. Applying bending moments to the spine, resulted in a grading of the muscle activation response according to mechanical advantage, that is highest in the quadratus lumborum in lateral loading and in the superficial erector spinae in ventral loading. An exception was the most forward flexed position in standing where the superficial erector spinae "relaxed" but quadratus lumborum remained active. In general, the level of EMG in maximal efforts was maintained at the same high level irrespective of position in the range of motion, despite a marked variation in strength output. This position-dependency, as well as the strength values as such, varied in a specific way in groups of athletes, related to previous background. These data contribute to the understanding of muscle function and motor control of the trunk , pelvis and hips. They are also of relevance when evaluating and designing tests and training programs in rehabilitation and sport contexts as well as for improving biomechanical models of spinal loading.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This protocol describes the simultaneous use of a broad span of methods to examine muscle aerobic capacity, glucose tolerance, strength, and power in elderly people performing short-term resistance training (RET). Supervised progressive resistance training for 1 h three times a week over 8 weeks was performed by RET participants (71±1 years, range 65-80). Compared to a control group without training, the RET showed improvements on the measures used to indicate strength, power, glucose tolerance, and several parameters of muscle aerobic capacity. Strength training was performed in a gym with only robust fitness equipment. An isokinetic dynamometer for knee extensor strength permitted the measurement of concentric, eccentric, and static strength, which increased for the RET group (8-12% post- versus pre-test). The power (rate of force development, RFD) at the initial 0-30 ms also showed an increase for the RET group (52%). A glucose tolerance test with frequent blood glucose measurements showed improvements only for the RET group in terms of blood glucose values after 2 h (14%) and the area under the curve (21%). The blood lipid profile also improved (8%). From muscle biopsy samples prepared using histochemistry, the amount of fiber type IIa increased, and a trend towards a decrease in IIx in the RET group reflected a change to a more oxidative profile in terms of fiber composition. Western blot (to determine the protein content related to the signaling for muscle protein synthesis) showed a rise of 69% in both Akt and mTOR in the RET group; this also showed an increase in mitochondrial proteins for OXPHOS complex II and citrate synthase (both ~30%) and for complex IV (90%), in only the RET group. We demonstrate that this type of progressive resistance training offers various improvements (e.g., strength, power, aerobic capacity, glucose tolerance, and plasma lipid profile).
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| 70. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(författare)
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Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 161:3, s. 361-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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