| 241. |
- Malm, Mari-Cristin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a tool to evaluate fetal movements in full-term pregnancy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 5:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study women's description of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy. Further to investigate if their descriptions could be sorted with regard to intensity and type of movements, using a matrix under development to be a tool for evaluating fetal movements in clinical praxis. Methods: Data were collected by distributing questionnaires including an open question: "Please describe your perception of the baby's movements during this gestational week." A matrix listed seven categories of movements divided into powerful and non-powerful movements, was used for the content analysis. Results: 393 (78%) women responded to the open question. The movements were split into two domains: Powerful movements and Non-powerful movements. Altogether, 383 (96%) women perceived fetal movements that were sorted as powerful movement: firm, slow stretching, large and side to side. Ten (4%) women described movements exclusively, i.e. movements that did not include any of the movements in the powerful domain. Most women perceived movements that corresponded to more than one type of category, and all movements described by the women could be referred to at least one of the categories in the matrix. Conclusion: The matrix was useful for identification of the women's perceptions of fetal movements in full-term pregnancy. Further studies are needed in order to develop the tool and its potential to evaluate the well-being of the fetus before it is to be used in clinical praxis.
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| 242. |
- Malm, Mari-Cristin, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of two different self-assessment methods for monitoring fetal movements in full-term pregnancy - a crossover trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 14:349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low maternal awareness of fetal movements is associated with negative birth outcomes. Knowledge regarding pregnant women's compliance with programs of systematic self-assessment of fetal movements is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate women's experiences using two different self-assessment methods for monitoring fetal movements and to determine if the women had a preference for one or the other method. Methods: Data were collected by a crossover trial; 40 healthy women with an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy counted the fetal movements according to a Count-to-ten method and assessed the character of the movements according to the Mindfetalness method. Each self-assessment was observed by a midwife and followed by a questionnaire. A total of 80 self-assessments was performed; 40 with each method. Results: Of the 40 women, only one did not find at least one method suitable. Twenty of the total of 39 reported a preference, 15 for the Mindfetalness method and five for the Count-to-ten method. All 39 said they felt calm, relaxed, mentally present and focused during the observations. Furthermore, the women described the observation of the movements as safe and reassuring and a moment for communication with their unborn baby. Conclusions: In the 80 assessments all but one of the women found one or both methods suitable for self-assessment of fetal movements and they felt comfortable during the assessments. More women preferred the Mindfetalness method compared to the count-to-ten method, than vice versa.
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| 243. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Nonsearch paradigm for large-scale parameter-identification problems in dynamical systems related to oncogenic hyperplasia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Systems, Control, Modeling and Optimization. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing. - : Springer US. - 1571-5736. - 9780387338811 - 0387338810 ; 202, s. 269-278
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many engineering and biomedical problems there is a need to identify parameters of the systems from experimental data. A typical example is the biochemical-kinetics systems describing oncogenic hyperplasia where the dynamical model is nonlinear and the number of the parameters to be identified can reach a few hundreds. Solving these large-scale identification problems by the local- or global-search methods can not be practical because of the complexity and prohibitive computing time. These difficulties can be overcome by application of the non-search techniques which are much less computation- demanding. The present work proposes key components of the corresponding mathematical formulation of the nonsearch paradigm. This new framework for the nonlinear large-scale parameter identification specifies and further develops the ideas of the well-known approach of A. Krasovskii. The issues are illustrated with a concise analytical example. The new results and a few directions for future research are summarized in a dedicated section.
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| 244. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Stochastic mechanics in the context of the properties of living systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: Mathl Comput. Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-7177 .- 1872-9479. ; 44:7-8, s. 595-607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many features of living systems prevent the application of fundamental statistical mechanics (FSM) to study such systems. The present work focuses on some of these features. After discussing all the basic approaches of FSM, the work formulates an extension of the kinetic theory paradigm (based on the reduced one-particle distribution function) that exhibits all of the living-system properties considered. This extension appears to be a model within the generalized kinetic theory developed by N. Bellomo and his co-authors. In connection with this model, the work also stresses some other features necessary for making the model relevant to living systems. A mathematical formulation of homeorhesis is also derived. An example discussed in the work is a generalized kinetic equation coupled with a probability-density equation representing the varying component content of a living system. The work also suggests a few directions for future research. [All rights reserved Elsevier]
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| 245. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Biotheoretica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-5342 .- 1572-8358. ; 54:2, s. 61-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oncogenic hyperplasia is the first and inevitable stage of formation of a (solid) tumor. This stage is also the core of many other proliferative diseases. The present work proposes the first minimal model that combines homeorhesis with oncogenic hyperplasia where the latter is regarded as a genotoxically activated homeorhetic dysfunction. This dysfunction is specified as the transitions of the fluid of cells from a fluid, homeorhetic state to a solid, hyperplastic-tumor state, and back. The key part of the model is a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) where the biochemical-reaction rate is generalized to the one in the well-known Schlögl physical theory of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. A rigorous analysis of the stability and qualitative aspects of the model, where possible, are presented in detail. This is related to the spatially homogeneous case, i.e. when the above RDE is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The mentioned genotoxic activation is treated as a prevention of the quiescent G0-stage of the cell cycle implemented with the threshold mechanism that employs the critical concentration of the cellular fluid and the nonquiescent-cell-duplication time. The continuous tumor morphogeny is described by a time-space-dependent cellular-fluid concentration. There are no sharp boundaries (i.e. no concentration jumps exist) between the domains of the homeorhesis- and tumor-cell populations. No presumption on the shape of a tumor is used. To estimate a tumor in specific quantities, the model provides the time-dependent tumor locus, volume, and boundary that also points out the tumor shape and size. The above features are indispensable in the quantitative development of antiproliferative drugs or therapies and strategies to prevent oncogenic hyperplasia in cancer and other proliferative diseases. The work proposes an analytical-numerical method for solving the aforementioned RDE. A few topics for future research are suggested.
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| 246. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
What stochastic mechanics are relevant to the study of living systems?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B: Natural, Exact and Applied Sciences. - Riga, Latvia : Latvian Academy of Sciences. - 1407-009X. ; 59:6, s. 255-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologists have identified many features of living systems which cannot be studied by application of fundamental statistical mechanics (FSM). The present work focuses on some of these features. By discussing all the basic approaches of FSM, the work formulates the extension of the kinetic-theory paradigm (based on the reduced one-particle distribution function) that possesses all the considered properties of the living systems. This extension appears to be a model within the generalized-kinetic theory developed by N. Bellomo and his co-authors. In connection with this model, the work also stresses some other features necessary for making the model relevant to living systems. An example is discussed, which is a generalized kinetic equation coupled with the probability-density equation which represents the varying component content of a living system. The work also suggests directions for future research.
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| 247. |
- Martinsson, Lena, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Afterword: Rethinking gender equality
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Challenging the myth of gender equality in Sweden / edited by Lena Martinsson, Gabriele Griffin, Katarina Giritli Nygren. - Bristol : Policy Press. - 9781447325963 ; , s. 211-216, s. 211-216
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 248. |
- Marton, Jan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Auditing in transformation : An introduction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Auditing Transformation. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003411390 ; , s. 1-15
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the book to the reader. It begins with a discussion of the emergence and current state of auditing, followed by a section that presents the different chapters in the book and how they are logically related. The book is structured based on three drivers of auditing transformation: regulation, digitalisation, and sustainability. The next four chapters of the book show that the outcomes related to these three drivers largely depend on individual auditor characteristics. This is followed by a chapter based on practitioners' views on the matters in focus, and some concluding remarks. The book uses Sweden as a setting to study drivers of auditing transformation and their effects. The Swedish experience is generalisable to other European countries with a Germanic origin currently influenced by Anglo-American ideas of auditing. In addition, Sweden provides a research setting with unique access to empirical data.
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| 249. |
- Marton, Jan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Concluding remarks
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Auditing Transformation. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003411390 ; , s. 379-385
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarises the main findings of the book and relates them to drivers of auditing transformation. The effects of the drivers are, in many cases, unexpected and unintended. It is also clear that transformation is not immediate but will take time to be effectuated in audit practice. One reason for delayed implementations is that competencies and characteristics of individual auditors change more slowly than the exogenous drivers. Regulation is the most mature of the three external drivers of transformation in focus in this book. Digitalisation has had some impact on audit practice but has the potential to have more fundamental effects in the future. Sustainability reporting is currently in an early phase, where substantial learning is taking place. The combination of new regulations and increased competencies among auditors can potentially make sustainability reporting more structured, reliable, and comparable across reporting companies.
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| 250. |
- Marton, Jan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Financial Accounting
- 2023. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Financial accounting is a process that goes from the company’s transactions, through the accounting system and production of financial statements, to the use and analysis of the information by external parties. The analysis of financial statements is the basis for many important decisions. This book explains the fundamental role of financial accounting in the economy.The book covers both technical and conceptual aspects of financial accounting. The double-entry accounting system forms the technical base of financial accounting. There are also chapters that explain how to prepare a cash flow statement and consolidated financial statements. Learning how to analyze financial statements is supported by hands-on calculation of important ratios.The book has a strong conceptual focus, emphasizing that an understanding of concepts is necessary for a full understanding of financial accounting. It starts with a discussion of the functions of financial accounting, and the reason it exists. There is a substantial focus both on how different financial statements are linked and the conceptual meaning of the items in those statements. Accounting principles are discussed. Finally, the conceptual meaning of different ratios is discussed from a financial statement user perspective.
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