| 261. |
- Middeldorp, Christel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:3, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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| 262. |
- Miller, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Capability to Paint and Alzheimer’s Disease: Relationship to Disease Stages and Instructions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sage Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although quite many qualitative studies on painting in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been conducted, there is a lack of quantitative studies, examining the ability to paint in people with AD in relation to disease stages, and to what extent instructions are associated with actual performance. The present study aimed at investigating the capability to paint among nonartist AD participants (N = 17) in an instructed painting condition versus a noninstructed painting condition. Differences in time spent and area of canvas used in the two painting conditions were assessed and related to scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Test. Number of colors used and color preferences were also assessed. A within-subjects experimental design was used. Analyses revealed a statistically significant difference between time and area used in the two painting conditions, where both time and area were used more in the noninstructed condition. MMSE scores and scores on the Clock Test correlated significantly with time spent in both conditions. Higher scores predicted longer painting sessions. Mean number of colors used was 5. Color preferences were bright colors in general and green in particular. Possible artistic development was noted. The overall conclusion is that people with AD have a preserved capability to paint, with and without instructions, even those in the later stages of the disease. The results also indicate that an artistic development is possible and that painting can be used as an appreciated and beneficial activity for people with AD. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.
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| 263. |
- Mohajer Soltani, Porya, et al.
(författare)
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Hackathon – A Method for Digital Innovative Success: A Comparative Descriptive Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on IS Management and Evaluation. Gent Belgium 11-12 September 2014. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781910309414
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scarcity of resources with the changing fiscal environment of more nations have increased the need for innovative solutions in most fields. Numerous bodies have as a result called for higher integration of ICT in organizational processes. Its adaption has in several cases democratized innovation processes. From this, open and/or social innovation has emerged. One type of open innovation is the ideation contest known as hackathon. The aim of the paper is to identify factors leading to the success of hackathon contests. This has been done by examining six such contests held between the years 2012 and 2014. Structured interviews have been held with the owner/project manager of each contest. In addition, the authors attended five of the contests. This allowed for both making observations of the events from start till end, and also to hold very informal interviews with participants and event personnel. A total of six factors, reflecting the expectations held by both the hackathon organizers and its participants, were identified. Thereafter an analysis was conducted to see how the contests responded to the identified factors. Of the six examined contests, three are believed to have been successful, two unsuccessful and one is believed to have reached a moderate level of success. The results obtained showed that the identified factors are correlated to the success of such contests. However, the level of influence of each factor on the success of the contests differed in each case. As such, while each factor is of importance, they are all dependent on each another. As a conclusion, the paper stresses the need for organizers of such events to take into consideration each of the mentioned six factors when planning a hackathon. Furthermore, this paper can be of interest to both researchers and practitioners seeking to better understand democratized methods for change efforts, such as with open innovation, social innovation and/or hackathons.
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| 264. |
- Mosallanezhad, Z., et al.
(författare)
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A structural equation model of the relation between socioeconomic status, physical activity level, independence and health status in older Iranian people
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 70, s. 123-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Health status is an independent predictor of mortality, morbidity and functioning in older people. The present study was designed to evaluate the link between socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity (PA), independence (I) and the health status (HS) of older people in Iran, using structural equation modelling. Methods: Using computerized randomly selection, a representative sample of 851 75-year-olds living in Tehran (2007-2008), Iran, was included. Participants answered questions regarding indicators of HS, SES and also PA and I through interviews. Both measurement and conceptual models of our hypotheses were tested using Mplus 5. Maximum-likelihood estimation with robust standard errors (MLR estimator), chisquare tests, the goodness of fit index (and degrees of freedom), as well as the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RSMEA) were used to evaluate the model fit. Results: The measurement model yielded a reasonable fit to the data, chi(2) = 110.93, df = 38; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.047, with 90% C.I. = 0.037-0.058. The model fit for the conceptual model was acceptable; chi(2) = 271.64, df = 39; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.084, with 90% C.I. = 0.074-0.093. SES itself was not a direct predictor of HS (beta = 0.13, p = 0.059) but it was a predictor of HS either through affecting PA (beta = 0.31, p < 0.001) or I (beta = 0.57, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Socioeconomic status appeared to influence health status, not directly but through mediating some behavioral and self-confidence aspects including physical activity and independence in ADL. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 265. |
- Mosallanezhad, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Walking habits and health-related factors in 75-year-old Iranian women and men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 58:3, s. 320-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An active life style can postpone the aging process, prevent many aspects of functional decline and improve health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare elderly people who walked at least 30 min a day with others who walked less, from a gender perspective, regarding perceived health and fitness, physiological capacity and functional performance. A representative sample of 75-year-olds born 1932-33 and living in Tehran, in 2007-2008 was included by randomly selecting 1100 subjects from the latest Iranian census records (1996) by the Statistical Centre of Iran using computerized methods. Participants answered questions regarding health status and physical activity and performed functional tests. Better results for Walkers were observed in most subjective and objective outcome measures. Walkers were less likely to feel generally tired, more likely to have better physical fitness and to have the maximum score on the Falls Efficacy Scale, less likely to feel unstable during walking outdoors and less likely to be dependent or unsafe in ADL. Walkers of both genders performed better in the following tests: chair stand, one leg stance, maximal walking speed and six min walking. The difference between Walkers and Non-Walkers was greater in men. In general, older women and men who walked at least 30 min daily/almost daily showed better results in most health-related outcomes, ADL and functional performance than people who walked less. This study showed gender differences in the level of physical activity and functioning that must be taken into account when planning intervention programs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 266. |
- Mulinari, S., et al.
(författare)
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Sociological research on the Covid-19 pandemic - an introduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sociologisk Forskning, Swedish Sociological Association. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 58:1-2, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pandemic is a crisis and as such, in many ways, an entirely new situation.It is a situation in which there are scientific as well as societal uncertainties and where the routines of everyday life are overturned.The Covid-19 pandemic has made visible already established social structures and inequalities, but it has also exacerbated existing power relations and vulnerabilities.In this article, we introduce the contributions to the special issue of Sociologisk Forskning on how society and people's lives have been affected by the corona crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. We also give an overview of some of the themes that are picked up by sociologists and social scientists internationally as well as nationally in Sweden, when trying to make sense of the meaning and effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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| 267. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 268. |
- Nakamura, K., et al.
(författare)
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Critical considerations on load-to-failure test for monolithic zirconia molar crowns
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 87, s. 180-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Application of monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) with reduced thickness to the molar region has been proposed, but potential complications have yet to be fully evaluated in laboratory tests. The present study aimed to develop a clinically relevant load-to-failure test in combination with fatigue treatments involving thermal and mechanical cycling (TC and MC) to evaluate the fracture resistance of molar MZCs. MZCs with a minimal thickness of 0.5 mm were bonded to dies made of resin-based composite (RBC), epoxy resin (EP), or polyoxymethylene-copolymer (POM-C). The samples were either untreated (UT) or subjected to TC (5-55 degrees C for 1 x 10(5) cycles) and MC (300 N for 2.4 x 10(6) cycles). The stress generated by TC and MC was simulated by finite element modeling. The load-to-failure test was performed using an inverse V-shaped two-plane indenter and was followed by fractographic analysis. The median values of fracture load for MZC/RBC and MZC/EP in the TC group were significantly lower than those in the UT group. MC also decreased the median value of fracture load for MZC/RBC significantly, but not that for MZC/EP and MZC/POM-C. Fractography revealed that the fracture started in the cervical area in all groups, which is similar to clinically failed crowns. The simulation confirmed stress concentration at the cervical area in both TC and MC groups. The present study suggests that the load-to-failure test using a two-plane indenter could induce clinically relevant fracture of MZCs, the vulnerability of the MZCs depends largely on the die material employed, and MZCs are more likely to be damaged by thermal fatigue than mechanical fatigue.
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| 269. |
- Nero, Daniella, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Traits in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 132:3, s. 374-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and compare them with patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls. Type A behavior pattern and anger have been linked to coronary heart disease in previous studies. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in MINOCA patients.One hundred MINOCA patients, consecutively recruited during 2007-2011 at 5 coronary care units in Stockholm, were matched for sex and age to 100 coronary heart disease patients and 100 healthy controls. All participants completed the Bortner Rating Scale to quantify type A behavior pattern and the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale to quantify anger 3 months after the acute event.MINOCA patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.9 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD) and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17) (median; interquartile range). Coronary heart disease patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.5 ± 10.2 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17). Healthy controls' Bortner Rating Scale score was 71.9 ± 9.1 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 13 (11-16).We found no significant differences in Bortner Rating Scale score and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score among MINOCA, coronary heart disease patients, and healthy controls, regardless of whether total scores, subscales, or cutoffs were used to classify type A behavior pattern and trait anger. However, we cannot exclude the existence of an occasional episode of anger or mental stress in relation to the coronary event. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with MINOCA, and future studies need to confirm the current findings before any firm conclusions can be made.
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| 270. |
- Netterström-Wedin, Fredh, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment-seeking behaviour among 15–49-year-olds with self-reported heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes: a national cross-sectional study in India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Eighty per cent of India´s non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality is due to four conditions: heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes, which are primarily cause-amenable through treatment. Based on Andersen’s behavioural model of health services use, the current study aimed to identify the predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with treatment-seeking status among people self-reporting the four main NCDs in India. Methods: Cross-sectional study using secondary data. Usual residents aged 15–49 who self-reported cancer (n = 1 056), chronic respiratory disease (n = 10 534), diabetes (n = 13 501), and/or heart disease (n = 5 861) during the fifth National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019–21, were included. Treatment-seeking status was modelled separately for each disease using survey-adjusted multivariable logistic regression. Results: 3.9% of India´s 15–49-year-old population self-reported ≥ 1 of the four main NCDs (0.1% cancer, 1.4% chronic respiratory disease, 2% diabetes, 0.8% heart disease). The percentage that had sought treatment for their condition(s) was 82%, 68%, 76%, and 74%, respectively. Greater age and having > 1 of the NCDs were associated with greater odds of seeking disease-specific treatment. People in the middle or lower wealth quintiles had lower odds of seeking care than the wealthiest 20% for all conditions. Women with diabetes or chronic respiratory disease had greater odds of seeking disease-specific treatment than men. Muslims, the unmarried, and those with health insurance had greater odds of seeking cancer treatment than Hindus, the married, and the uninsured. Conclusion: Predisposing, enabling, and need factors are associated with treatment-seeking status among people reporting the four major NCDs in India, suggesting that multiple processes inform the decision to seek disease-specific care among aware cases. Successfully encouraging and enabling as many people as possible who knowingly live with major NCDs to seek treatment is likely contingent on a multi-pronged approach to healthcare policy-making. The need to improve treatment uptake through accessible healthcare is further underscored by the fact that one-fifth (cancer) to one-third (chronic respiratory disease) of 15–49-year-olds reporting a major NCD have never sought treatment despite being aware of their condition.
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