| 49951. |
- Lennartsson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Sex steroid levels temporarily increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men and women
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 84:3, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that acute psychosocial stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the effect of acute psychosocial stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and levels of sex steroids are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute psychosocial stress on serum concentrations of sex steroids in healthy men and women. Twenty men and 19 women (age 30-50 years) underwent Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Blood samples were collected before, directly after the stress test, and after 30 min of recovery. Concentrations of androgens were measured with high specificity LC-MS/MS method; concentrations of cortisol, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were determined using immunoassays. In both men and women we observed significantly elevated levels of testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione and sex hormone binding globulin along with significantly increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as a response to the stressor. Thus, even though the HPG axis and the production of sex steroids may be inhibited during prolonged periods of stress, the sex steroid levels may increase in the initial phase of acute psychosocial stress. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 49952. |
- Lennartsson, Freda, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating new knowledge into practice: An evaluation study on a contining education for Swedish child health nurses on non-synostotic plagiocephaly
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 5:3, s. 329-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to assess what knowledge on non‐synostotic plagiocephaly prevention and reversal intervention and control group nurses imparted to parents and parents integrated in infant care. Design A group of nurses participated in a continuing education on non‐synostotic plagiocephaly in one‐to‐one or small group sessions at their workplace and received guidelines to follow. An evaluation was conducted with 35 intervention group and 15 control group nurses by asking them two open‐ended questions 1 year later; 181 intervention group and 90 control group parents were also asked two open‐ended questions and to rate their infant's head shape. Methods Data were collected during the year 2013. Qualitative content analysis and case‐by‐case analysis were conducted using a process‐oriented approach. Results Intervention group nurses imparted both regular and newly introduced knowledge on positioning strategies to parents. Intervention group parents who perceived severe cranial asymmetry when infants were 3–4 months old reported implementing regular and new infant positioning recommendations.
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| 49953. |
- Lennartsson, Freda, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Nonsynostotic plagiocephaly: a child health care intervention in Skaraborg, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the intervention's effect on prevention and reversal of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly.MethodsThirty-eight intervention group nurses were educated about nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and asked to follow guidelines; 18 control group nurses were not. In a longitudinal single-blinded clinical intervention, parents brought infants to well-child visits according to the national schedule. Cranial shape was assessed in 176 intervention and 92 control group infants at 2-, 4-, and 12-month visits.ResultsAsymmetry at two months reversed by four months four times more often in intervention than control subgroup infants (OR=4.07, p=0.02) when adjusted for parent awareness of written information from their nurse. Asymmetry at two months reversed by 12months fivefold when parents were aware of written information (OR=0.19, p=0.04). The risk for persistent asymmetry at 12months was lower for intervention than control group infants (RR=0.35, p=0.03). Of infants with no asymmetry at two months, 25% in intervention and 22% in control group developed brachycephaly.ConclusionsThe intervention contributed to early reversal and reducing infants' risk for persistent asymmetry. Parents' awareness of written information contributed to reversal. Preventing brachycephaly was difficult. Further research is needed.
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| 49954. |
- Lennartsson, Freda, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Reliable Assessors of Infant Cranial Asymmetry in Child Health Care.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The open nursing journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 9, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acquired cranial asymmetry is prevalent in infants today and largely attributed to the supine sleep position recommended for infant safety. There is a risk of permanent cranial asymmetry, so prevention and early detection are important. A prevention project was initiated in Sweden, and an intervention was planned. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability of assessors judging infant cranial asymmetry in order to evaluate if they could be considered reliable interchangeable assessors in the planned intervention.
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| 49955. |
- Lennartsson, Freda, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Parents How to Prevent Acquired Cranial Asymmetry in Infants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-5963. ; 31:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acquired cranial asymmetry is prevalent in infants today. This is largely attributed to the supine sleep position recommended for infant safety. The condition can become permanent, so prevention and early detection are important. A prevention project was initiated where guidelines for Swedish child health nurses were developed, tested in a pilot study, revised, and then incorporated into a short cranial asymmetry prevention program for nurses. The program included detailed information on what to teach parents of newborns. An intervention study was initiated where one group of nurses was taught according to the program and the other group followed the standard recommendations. The aim of this survey was to compare intervention and control group parents' responses regarding the cranial asymmetry prevention information that they had received from their nurses during their infant's first four months. Participants included 272 parents (180 intervention group, 92 control group) at 26 child health centers. A checklist was distributed to parents in conjunction with infants' four month health checkup. A significantly higher percentage of intervention group parents were aware of regular recommendations - alternate direction of the infant's head when putting the child to bed (82%: 64%, p=0.001), which pillow to use (92%: 80%, p=0.01), and when to remove the pillow (48%: 31%, p=0.006) - and five newly introduced recommendations compared to controls. Results indicate that educating child health nurses on prevention of cranial asymmetry works to increase parental awareness of what to do and how to do it safely.
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| 49956. |
- Lennartsson, Jan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Game intelligence in team sports
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We set up a game theoretic framework to analyze a wide range of situations from team sports. A fundamental idea is the concept of potential ; the probability of the offense scoring the next goal minus the probability that the next goal is made by the defense. We develop categorical as well as continuous models, and obtain optimal strategies for both offense and defense. A main result is that the optimal defensive strategy is to minimize the maximum potential of all offensive strategies.
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| 49957. |
- Lennartsson, Jan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Merton’s problem for an investor with a benchmark in a Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard market
- 2015
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Ingår i: SpringerPlus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To try to outperform an externally given benchmark with known weights is the most common equity mandate in the financial industry. For quantitative investors, this task is predominantly approached by optimizing their portfolios consecutively over short time horizons with one-period models. We seek in this paper to provide a theoretical justification to this practice when the underlying market is of Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard type. This is done by verifying that an investor who seeks to maximize her expected terminal exponential utility of wealth in excess of her benchmark will in fact use an optimal portfolio equivalent to the one-period Markowitz mean-variance problem in continuum under the corresponding Black-Scholes market. Further, we can represent the solution to the optimization problem as in Feynman-Kac form. Hence, the problem, and its solution, is completely analogous to Merton’s classical portfolio problem, with the main difference that Merton (1969) maximizes expected utility of terminal wealth, not wealth in excess of a benchmark.
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| 49958. |
- Lennartsson, Jan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Precipitation in Sweden using multiple step markov chains and a composite model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694. ; 363:1-4, s. 42-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a new method for modelling precipitation in Sweden. We consider a chain dependent stochastic model that consists of a component that models the probability of occurrence of precipitation at a weather station and a component that models the amount of precipitation at the station when precipitation does occur. For the first component, we show that for most of the weather stations in Sweden a Markov chain of an order higher than one is required. For the second component, which is a Gaussian process with transformed marginals, we use a composite of the empirical distribution of the amount of precipitation below a given threshold and the generalized Pareto distribution for the excesses in the amount of precipitation above the given threshold. The derived models are then used to compute different weather indices. The distribution of the modelled indices and the empirical ones show good agreement, which supports the choice of the model.
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| 49959. |
- Lennartsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Growth tolerance of Zygomycetes Mucor indicus in orange peel hydrolysate without detoxification
- 2012
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Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1359-5113 .- 1873-3298. ; 47:5, s. 836-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capability of two zygomycetes strains, Mucor indicus and an isolate from tempeh (Rhizopus sp.), to grow on orange peel hydrolysate and their tolerance to its antimicrobial activity, was investigated. Both fungi, in particular M. indicus, tolerated up to 2% d-limonene in semi-synthetic media during cultivation in shake flasks, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. The tolerance of M. indicus was also tested in a bioreactor, giving rise to varying results in the presence of 2% limonene. Furthermore, both strains were capable of consuming galacturonic acid, the main monomer of pectin, under aerobic conditions when no other carbon source was present. The orange peel hydrolysate was based on 12% (dry w/v) orange peels, containing d-limonene at a concentration of 0.6% (v/v), which no other microorganism has been reported to be able to ferment. However, the hydrolysate was utilised by M. indicus under aerobic conditions, resulting in production of 410 and 400 mg ethanol/g hexoses and 57 and 75 mg fungal biomass/g sugars from cultivations in shake flasks and a bioreactor, respectively. Rhizopus sp., however, was slow to germinate aerobically, and neither of the zygomycetes was able to consistently germinate in orange peel hydrolysate, under anaerobic conditions. The zygomycetes strains used in the present study demonstrated a relatively high resistance to the antimicrobial compounds present in orange peel hydrolysate, and they were capable of producing ethanol and biomass in the presence of limonene, particularly when cultivated with air supply.
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| 49960. |
- Lennartsson, Patrik R, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of different growth forms of Mucor indicus on cultivation on dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolyzate, inhibitor tolerance, and cell wall composition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 143:4, s. 255-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dimorphic fungus Mucor indicus was grown in different forms classified as purely filamentous, mostly filamentous, mostly yeast-like and purely yeast-like, and the relationship between morphology and metabolite production, inhibitor tolerance and the cell wall composition was investigated. Low concentrations of spores in the inoculum with subsequent aeration promoted filamentous growth, whereas higher spore concentrations and anaerobic conditions promoted yeast-like growth. Ethanol was the main metabolite with glycerol next under all conditions tested. The yields of ethanol from glucose were between 0.39 and 0.42 g g(-1) with productivities of 3.2-5.0 g l(-1) h(-1). The ethanol productivity of mostly filamentous cells was increased from 3.9 to 5.0 g l(-1) h(-1) by the presence of oxygen, whereas aeration of purely yeast-like cells showed no such effect. All growth forms were able to tolerate 4.6 g l(-1) furfural and 10 g l(-1) acetic acid and assimilate the sugars, although with different consumption rates. The cell wall content of the fungus measured as alkali insoluble materials (AIM) of the purely yeast-like cells was 26% of the biomass, compared to 8% of the pure filaments. However, the chitosan concentration of the filaments was 29% of the AIM, compared to 6% of the yeast-like cells.
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